Disaster management

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Dr. DAXABEN N. MEHTA
PRINCIPAL
SMT.SADGUNA C.U.SHAH HOME
SCIENCE
AND C.U.SHAH ARTS & COMMERCE
MAHILA COLLEGE WADHWANCITY
DIST: SURENDRANAGA

Home Science Disaster Management

What is a “Disaster”?
Disaster- dis·as·ter n.
a.An occurrence causing widespread destruction and
distress; a catastrophe.
b. grave misfortune. c. Informal- A total failure


DISASTER
D: Detection
I: Incident Command
S: Safety & Security
A: Assess Hazards
S: Support
T: Triage & Treatment
E: Evacuation
R: Recovery

DEFINITIONS
OF DISASTER
• A disaster can be defined as any
occurrence that cause
damage, ecological disruption, loss of
human life, deterioration of health and
health services on a scale, sufficient to
warrant an extraordinary response
from outside the affected community or
area”.
(W.H.O.)


• A disaster can be defined as an
occurrence either nature or
manmade that causes human
suffering and creates human
needs that victims cannot
alleviate without assistance”.
American Red Cross (ARC)


Hazards
Natural
• Earthquake Landslides
• Avalanche - mass ice fall
• Volcano Fires
• Tornado- rotating storm
• Hurricanes- severe storm
• Meteors Floods
• Drought

Hazards

Man-made
• Fires Explosive devices
• Firearms Structural collapse
• Transportation event
Air, Rail, Roadway, Water
• Industrial Epidemic
• Terrorism


HAZARD

Damage
Potential
Elements at Risk

Societal Elements
People & Live-stock
Natural Features Huts & Semi-permanent Houses
River/Stream Banks Weak Buildings
Low-lying Areas Agri. & Horticultural crops
Sea & Sea-coast Livelihood tools / Equipment
Slopes of hills Unsecured personal assets
Public Infrastructure

AIMS

Reduce (Avoid, if
possible) the
potential losses from
hazards.

Assure prompt and
appropriate
assistance to victims
when necessary.

Achieve rapid and
durable recovery.

PHASES OF DISASTER

Pre-impact
phase

Impact
phase

Post-impact
phase


STRATEGY
 Pre-disaster Phase:
1. Prevention.
2. Mitigation.
3. Preparedness.
4. Capacity Building and Awareness.
5. Community Based Disaster Management.
 Post-disaster Phase:
6.Prompt and Efficient Response –
Proactive.
7. Reconstruction to build back better.

Cycle of DISASTER


Mitigation
Prevention of hazards developing into
disasters
Reduce effects of disasters
Focuses on long term measures
Is part of recovery process
Actions
• structural – use technology
• Non structural –legislation
Most cost effective
Necessitates identification of risk

Preparedness

• Communication plans
• Emergency response teams
• Emergency warning methods
• Shelters, evacuation plans
• Resources inventory building
• Develop trained volunteers
• Casualty prediction- helps in
evacuation

Response
Mobilization of
• Emergency teams
– Core emergency services
– Specialist teams
• First responders in area
• Search and rescue efforts
Runs on
• principle of unified command
• Mutual aid
Immediate needs are addressed

Relief…
the period immediately
following the occurrence of a
sudden onset disaster or
deteriorated slow-onset
situation, when exceptional
measures have to be taken to
search for and rescue survivors
as well as meet their basic
needs

: www.time.com/.../0,29307,1779418,00.html
17

Early Recovery…

actions that restore national
capacities to provide a secure
environment, offer
services, restore
livelihoods, coordinate
activities, prevent the
recurrence of crisis, and create
conditions for future
development

Photo rebuilding

19

Reconstruction…

the actions taken to
reestablish a
community after a
period of rehabilitation
subsequent to a
disaster.

Photo of construction activity

A tradesman employed by Oxfam helps to build temporary
shelter in Sri Lanka after the tsunami.
21

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

The Government of India through an Act of
the Parliament have decided to put in
place, necessary institutional mechanisms for
drawing up and monitoring the
implementation of disaster management
plans, ensuring measures by various wings of
Government for prevention of and
mitigating the effects of disasters and for
undertaking a holistic, coordinated and
prompt response to any disaster situation.

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
1. High Powered Committee set up in August
1999.
2. Until 2001 – Responsibility with
Agriculture Ministry,
3. Transferred to Ministry of Home Affairs in
June 2002.
4.National Disaster Management Authority
established.
5. Disaster Management Act passed in
December 2005.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

• DM STRUCTURE
NDMA set up as the Apex Body with
Hon’ble PM as Chairperson.
National Executive Committee (NEC) -
Executive Committee of NDMA.
• At the Centre
Central Ministries will Continue with
Nodal Responsibilities.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

State Level
 SDMA at State Level, headed by
Chief Minister.
State Executive Committee (SEC), headed
by Chief Secretary, will coordinate and
monitor implementation of National
Policy, National Plan and State Plan.


DISASTER MANAGEMENT

District Level
 DDMA headed by District Magistrate.
 Chairperson of Zila Parishad as Co-
Chairperson – interface between Govt. and
Public.
SUPPORTING INSTITUTIONS
 National Disaster Response Force
(NDRF).
 National Institute of Disaster
Management (NIDM).

NDRF BNS – LOCATIONS
PATNA
BHATINDA
BHUBANESHWAR
( Mundali
)
GR. NOIDA

GUWAHATI

KOLKATA
VADODARA
LEGEND
VIJAYAWADA
PUNE (Talegaon) BNs
CBRN BNs
New Raisings
CHENNAI
(Arakkonam)

• Two more Battalions Approved.


MOCK EXERCISES
• Mock Exercises Conducted so far – 170
• Details of Mock Exercises –
• Mock Exercises on Chemical (Industrial) Disasters – 25
• Mock Exercises on Earthquake – 30
• Mock Exercise on Floods (including Urban Floods) – 11
• Mock Exercises on Cyclones – 10
• Mock Exercises on Fire – 10
• Mock Exercises on Mass Casualty Management – 08
• Mock Exercise on Man-Made Disasters – 04

• School Safety Exercises – 71


BANGALORE (KARNATAKA) –
18 SEPTEMBER 2007
MOCK EXERCISE ON FIRE

1.Place – Games
Village, Kormangla, Bangalore
2. People Participated – Over 2,000


KANPUR (UTTAR PRADESH) –
03 SEP 2008
MOCK EXERCISE ON FIRE

1.Place – Hotel Geet and Park
Palace Area.
2. People Participated – Over 10,000.


PITHAMPUR (MP) – 12 MARCH 2007
MOCK EXERCISE ON CHEMICAL (INDUSTRIAL)
DISASTERS

1. Industrial Complex – Pithampur
2. Industrial Units – * M/s Bharat
Exercised Petroleum Corporation
Limited
* M/s Pratibha Syntex Ltd
* M/s AVTEC Limited
3. People Participated – 2,500 (approx).


SURAT – 28 MARCH 2008
MOCK EXERCISE ON CHEMICAL
(INDUSTRIAL) DISASTERS
1. Industrial Complex – Surat.
2. Industrial Units – Oil and Natural
Gas Company Exercised
(ONGC).
Reliance Petrochemical.
3. People Participated – 5,000 (approx).


DEORIA DISTRICT (UP) –
30 MAY 2008
MOCK EXERCISE ON FLOOD

1.Place – Deoria District.
2. People Participated – Over
5,000.


MEGHALAYA – 24 – 25 MARCH 2008
MOCK EXERCISE ON EARTHQUAKE

People Participated – Over
10,000


KADMAT & KARAVATI
ISLANDS, LAKSHADWEEP
MOCK EXERCISE ON CYCLONE

1.Islands – Kadmat and
Karavati.
2. People Participated – Over
10,000


HYDERABAD – 26 NOVEMBER 2008
MOCK EXERCISE ON MAN-MADE
DISASTER

People Participated – 15,000
(Approx).


Major Disasters
in India
(1999-2009)

Disasters in States Year Casualties

Orissa Super Cyclone 1999 9,887
Gujarat Earthquake 2001 14,000
Tsunami 2004 15,000
J&K Earthquake 2005 1,336


Earthquake,
Oct, 2005 MAJOR DISASTERS (1980-2005)
Avalanche Feb Earthquake Uttarkashi, 20
2005 Oct 1991, Chamoli, 23 April
1999

Bhuj, Earthquake, 26
January, 2001
Flood, Assam &
Bihar 2004

Earthquake, Latur, 30 Bhopal Gas
Sept 1993 Disaster, Dec 1982

S Cyclone
Floods 29 Oct 1999
26 July 2005
Tsunami
26 Dec 2004
Tsunami
26 Dec 2004

Tsunami
Home Science
26 Dec 2004 Disaster Management

Flood Map Gujarat


Cyclone Map Gujarat


Earthquake Map Gujarat


Multi Hazard Map


Disaster management

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