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Uploaded byBibhuti Bhusan Gadanayak
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Flood Management in India

Flooding poses significant challenges in India, highlighted by the high economic and human toll from such disasters between 1980 and 2010. Various government initiatives and institutional mechanisms have been established to improve flood management, including forecasting and community preparedness. However, significant gaps persist in flood management, including inadequate regulations, forecasting capabilities, and planning, indicating a need for enhanced and coordinated efforts in disaster resilience and recovery strategies.

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Flooding and its Management- 2013 Flooding’s occur when an extreme volume of water is carried by rivers, creeks and many other geographical features into areas where the water cannot be drained adequately. United Nations Disaster Management Bibhuti Bhusan Gadanayak UN Disaster Management Team Officer UN Resident Coordinator's Office 55, Lodhi Estate New Delhi, India bibhuti.gadanayak@one.un.org
Top 10 disaster types and their Impact ASIA AND THE PACIFIC 1980-2009 Rank Hazards Events Deaths (thousands ) People affected (millions) Damage ($ millions) 1 Floods 1,317 128.95 2,676.16 301,590 2 Storms 1,127 384.20 664.03 165,770 3 Earthquakes 444 570.80 109.71 264,530 4 Mass movements – wet 264 14.28 1.36 2,130 5 Extreme temperatures 119 17.51 85.90 18,080 6 Droughts 108 5.33 1,296.27 53,330 7 Wildfires 96 1.06 3.31 16,210 8 Volcanic eruptions 71 17.51 2.36 710 9 Mass movements – dry 20 1.53 0.02 10 10 Insect Infestations 8 0.0 0.00 190 Note: * Damage and loss reported in $millions at 2005 constant prices. Source: ESCAP based on data from EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database – www.emdat.be – Université Catholique de Louvain – Brussels – Belgium, and data on implicit price deflators in $ from UNSD National Accounts Main Aggregates Database. UNITED NATIONS DISASTER MANAGEMENT TEAM
Disaster overview in INDIA- 1980-2010 UNITED NATIONS DISASTER MANAGEMENT TEAM No of events 431 No of people killed 143,039 Average killed per year 4,614 No of people affected 1,521,726,127 Average affected per year 49,087,940 Economic Damage (US$ X 1,000) 48,063,830 Economic Damage per year (US$ X 1,000) 1,550,446 Source: http://www.preventionweb.net/english/countries/statistics/?cid=79
Percentage of reported people affected by disaster type http://www.preventionweb.net/english/countries/statistics/?cid=79 UNITED NATIONS DISASTER MANAGEMENT TEAM
Estimated economic damages reported by disaster type (US$ X 1,000) Source of data: "EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database, Universit� catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Bel." Data version: v11.08 UNITED NATIONS DISASTER MANAGEMENT TEAM
 Indiscriminate Encroachment  Increasing Economic and Developmental Activities in Flood Plains  Lack of Regulations  Inadequate Drainage System  Inadequate Maintenance  Lack of Disaster Preparedness Why Vulnerable to Flood UNITED NATIONS DISASTER MANAGEMENT TEAM
Initiatives of the Government of India UNITED NATIONS DISASTER MANAGEMENT TEAM 1954 Union Minister (Planning, Irrigation & Power) sets the objectives of reducing the menace of floods. 1956 Margin money for flood relief introduced & Emphasis given on every possible ways to manage floods in the country. 1957 High Level Committee on Floods constituted 1964 Ministerial Committee on Flood Control formed 1980 The Rashtriya Barh Ayog formed 2003 NDRF Constituted 2004 The Task Force on Flood Management/Erosion Control constituted 2005 DM Act enacted & NDMA established 2008 - 09 Flood Guidelines and DM policy released 2010-15 Fund allocation for capacity building & plan preparation (13th FC)
Flood forecasting and management UNITED NATIONS DISASTER MANAGEMENT TEAM • Central Water Commission • Flood forecasting modeling • IMD (Doppler whether radar) • Weather forecasting modeling • Ganga flood control commission • Brahmaputra board • MHA - NDM DIVISION • Ministry of Agriculture • State flood control departments
Flood Forecasting Network • Covers major and inter state river basins. 166 stations :- INFLOW 27 & STAGE 139 Flood Forecasting Stations in India UNITED NATIONS DISASTER MANAGEMENT TEAM
UN Interventions  Capacity building of local governance institutions and empowerment of communities  Reduce vulnerability to natural disasters through community preparedness  Institutionalizing disaster management at all levels UNITED NATIONS DISASTER MANAGEMENT TEAM
UN Interventions  Multi-hazard preparedness and mitigation plans for disaster risk management at State, District, Block, GP & Village levels in 176 districts of 17 most hazard prone states  Networking knowledge on effective approaches, methods and tools for disaster risk management, developing and promoting policy frameworks at State and National levels UNITED NATIONS DISASTER MANAGEMENT TEAM
Gaps in Flood Management Non-availability of close contour maps and digital elevation models of flood prone areas are impediments to make reliable forecasts of the area likely to be inundated corresponding to expected river water levels. Flood forecasting and warning (FF and W) network of the CWC, though developed on scientific basis, does not cover all the flood prone rivers and rivulets. Most of the state governments do not have their own reliable FF and W networks. Even the FF and W network of the CWC is mostly based on hydro-meteorological data recorded by observers and communicated by wireless and/or telephone. Very few river basins have been covered with automatic sensors for observations and telemetry system for communication of data. Though web-based system of communication of forecasts has been developed by the CWC in the last two-three years, it is yet to be made fully functional. Flood plain zoning regulations have not been enacted and enforced by most of the states, although a draft bill was circulated • to them by the MOWR and CWC in 1975 • and in spite of such recommendations of • various committees/ task forces/ working groups etc. • Implementation of the flood proofing measures such as raising of villages, constructions of floods shelters, making public utility installations flood safe by the state governments, is far from satisfactory. UNITED NATIONS DISASTER MANAGEMENT TEAM
Institutional Mechanism UNITED NATIONS DISASTER MANAGEMENT TEAM Year Activities 1990 and before The British administration set up relief departments, provided emergency relief during disasters. 1993 The National Disaster Mitigation Programme (NDMP), has been implemented 1999 The High- Powered committee (HPC) was constituted. 2002 The Tenth Five Year Plan, prepared in the backdrop of Orissa super cyclone, Gujarat earthquake, first time recognized disaster management as a development issue. 2002 The National Disaster Framework covering institutional mechanisms, disaster prevention strategy, early warning system, disaster mitigation, preparedness and response and human resource development. 2002 The disaster management division was shifted under the Ministry of Home Affairs in 2002 2005 The Disaster Management Act, 2005 was enacted and notified on December 26, 2005 2007 The 11th plan took a stock take of the achievement and the challenges of the 10th five year plan. 2009 The National Policy on Disaster Management (NPDM) was prepared 2011 Review of DM Act. 2012 The 12th plan
Institutional Set-up at the National, State and District level-Refere DM Act. UNITED NATIONS DISASTER MANAGEMENT TEAM Institution Chairperson National level NDMA Prime Minister State level SDMA Chief Minister District level DDMA District Magistrate, President Zila Parishad as Co-Chair NIDM Trining and capacity building
Nodal Ministries in India for various disasters, Source: NDMA UNITED NATIONS DISASTER MANAGEMENT TEAM
Way forward • Disaster resilient development planning in line departments ministries for resilience building. • Dedicated human resources (expertise) for recovery planning in line departments and ministries. • Financial allocation for medium and long term recovery • Need for coordinated action: Inter-ministerial National platform to forge national action plan for DRR UNITED NATIONS DISASTER MANAGEMENT TEAM
Thank you UNITED NATIONS DISASTER MANAGEMENT TEAM