The document addresses the rising concern of preventable blindness in India, specifically emphasizing glaucoma as a major cause. It outlines symptoms, the importance of regular check-ups, and the lifelong commitment to medication for those diagnosed. Additionally, it highlights other common eye problems and the significant impact of diabetes-related eye diseases in the country.

1. 12th march 2008

3. Blindness Impact INDIA Second largest cause of preventable blindness Largest cause of irreversible blindness By 2010 – 1 CRORE By 2020 – 2 CRORE Almost 90% undiagnosed

4. WHAT IS GLAUCOMA ?

5. ARE THERE ANY SYMPTOMS ASYMPTOMATIC Blurred vision Colored halos Partial/peripheral loss Red eyes Nausea and/or vomiting Severe pain in eyes Constant headache

9. IS GLAUCOMA CURABLE?

10. DO I HAVE GLAUCOMA? Regular eye checkup if: You are more than 40yrs You have frequent headaches You have diabetes, hypertension or heart disease, etc Any family member is having glaucoma Examination includes: Vision, I.O.P. and Fundoscopy (on every visit) Visual Fields (as per doctor’s advice)

11. HOW TO TREAT GLAUCOMA

12. IS FOLLOW-UP REQUIRED YES Regular follow-up as per requirement Once started, medications have to be taken life-long Never stop/change any medication without consulting a eye specialist

13. HOW TO CARE FOR MY EYES? Find ways to keep stress levels low. Do regular exercise. Do Limited use of tea/coffee Eat good amount of fruits/vegetables. Protect your eyes while at work or play Keep diabetes, B.P., cholesterol, etc under control Don’t forget to visit your Ophthalmologist. Without your help, Doctor cannot treat you.

15. COMMON EYE PROBLEMS AN OVERVIEW

17. Refractive Errors 80 Million in this world un-necessarily blind 90% of this occurs in developing world 80% of this blindness is avoidablE

18. Types of refractive error Myopia near sightedness Hypermetropia far sightedness Astigmatism blurred

19. Problems with Ref. Errors * Blurring * Eye-strain * Headache * Fatigue * Squint * Psychology * Repeated Eye Infections

20. Treatment

21. PRESBYOPIA

22. SQUINT

23. CONGENITAL PTOSIS

24. CATARACT

25. TRAUMATIC CATARACT PEDIATRIC CATARACT Hypermature Cataract

26. INTRAOCULAR LENS

27. CONJUNCTIVITIS

28. BLEPHERITIS

29. CONTACT ECZEMA Reaction to use of topical medications.

30. Sub-conjunctival Hemorrhage

31. CHALAZION

32. PTERYGIUM

33. DACRYOCYSTITIS

34. DCR

35. CORNEAL ULCER

36. HERPES

37. CORNEAL TRANSPLANT

38. NIGHT BLINDNESS VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA

39. UVEITIS DIABETES ARTHRITIS TUBERCULOSIS AIDS SYPHILIS

40. DIABETIC RETINOPATHY India leads with a current figure of 40.9 million 1.5 million blind, DR is 6 th major cause of blindness DR has 22 to 26 per cent incidence in diabetics By 2020, DR will become a pandemic.

42. TREATMENT DR

43. VITREOUS HEMORRHAGE

44. RETINAL VASCULAR DISEASES DUE TO UNCONTROLLED BLOOD PRESSURE

45. RETINAL DETACHMENT

46. AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION >75 yrs age, aging process almost irreversible to delay we should take all types of fruits and vegetables in our diet

47. THYROID EYE DISEASE

48. TRAUMA