World Glaucoma Week
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Glaucoma is caused by a number of different eye diseases that in most cases produce increased pressure within the eye. This elevated pressure is caused by a backup of fluid in the eye. Over time, it causes damage to the optic nerve. Through early detection, diagnosis and treatment, you and your doctor can help to preserve your vision.
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Common Ocular Diseases (World Glaucoma Day)
General public should know a little bit about diseases of the eyes and how to care for them. This presentation gives a overview of glaucoma (targeting World Glaucoma Day) and comom eye diseases.
CRAO
A 71-year-old Asian man presented with sudden vision loss in his right eye and headaches. He was diagnosed with central retinal artery occlusion based on examination findings including pallor of the optic disc and attenuation of the retinal arteries. Laboratory tests and imaging found mild plaque in the carotid artery but no other embolic source. The patient's vision partially recovered over the following weeks but remained significantly reduced.
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
This document discusses central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), an ophthalmic emergency caused by obstruction of the central retinal artery. It affects around 1 in 100,000 people and often leads to severe vision loss. CRAO can be caused by emboli or thrombi and is associated with atherosclerosis and other vascular risk factors. The diagnosis involves examining the eye for signs like a cherry red spot at the macula. Acute management focuses on restoring retinal blood flow through measures like ocular massage or vasodilators. Long term management aims to prevent further vascular events through treating underlying risk factors.
Coats' Disease
Coats' disease is a rare eye condition characterized by abnormal blood vessels in the retina. It most commonly affects young boys under 10 years old. The document discusses the history, signs and symptoms, classification, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and management of Coats' disease. Treatment options depend on the stage of the disease and aim to obliterate abnormal retinal vessels using laser photocoagulation, cryotherapy, surgery, or newer adjunct treatments like intravitreal anti-VEGF agents. Indian studies found Coats' disease patients often present with more severe vision loss and extensive retinal involvement compared to other populations.
Case Presentation: Duane's Syndrome
The document describes a case of Duane's syndrome in a 10-year-old male patient. Clinical findings showed limitation of adduction and globe retraction of the left eye, consistent with Duane's syndrome type 2. Refraction found low myopia and astigmatism, causing reduced vision. The patient was prescribed glasses and referred to a hospital for further evaluation and possible surgery due to a marked alternating head posture. Duane's syndrome is a congenital eye movement disorder caused by abnormal innervation of the eye muscles.
Glaucoma Awareness: Protecting Your Precious Vision
Learn about glaucoma screenings and who is
at risk. Diagnosis and treatment options will
be discussed.
Infantile esotropia
- Infantile esotropia refers to a large-angle, inward eye turning (esotropia) that develops before 6 months of age. It is characterized by limited eye movement outward (abduction) and may be caused by weakness of the sixth nerve or abnormal eye muscle development.
- Evaluation involves assessing eye alignment, eye movement, fixation, and refractive error. Treatment depends on the type and severity of esotropia but commonly includes eyeglasses, eye muscle surgery, Botox injections, or a combination of treatments. The goal is to align the eyes properly to prevent amblyopia.
Management of Dropped Nucleus and IOL
The document discusses management of dropped nuclei and intraocular lenses during cataract surgery. It explains that a dropped nucleus or IOL can occur due to surgical trauma, pre-existing defects, extension of capsulorhexis, or zonular dehiscence. Any nucleus fragments should be removed to prevent inflammation and rise in pressure. If the anterior capsule is intact, an IOL can be placed, otherwise an anterior chamber or iris-claw IOL is required. Dropped IOLs should be removed if causing visual disturbances or retinal defects. Surgical techniques for removing fragments and IOLs include vitrectomy and placement of a secondary IOL such as scleral-fixated or glued IOL
Recommended
Common Ocular Diseases (World Glaucoma Day)
General public should know a little bit about diseases of the eyes and how to care for them. This presentation gives a overview of glaucoma (targeting World Glaucoma Day) and comom eye diseases.
CRAO
A 71-year-old Asian man presented with sudden vision loss in his right eye and headaches. He was diagnosed with central retinal artery occlusion based on examination findings including pallor of the optic disc and attenuation of the retinal arteries. Laboratory tests and imaging found mild plaque in the carotid artery but no other embolic source. The patient's vision partially recovered over the following weeks but remained significantly reduced.
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
This document discusses central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), an ophthalmic emergency caused by obstruction of the central retinal artery. It affects around 1 in 100,000 people and often leads to severe vision loss. CRAO can be caused by emboli or thrombi and is associated with atherosclerosis and other vascular risk factors. The diagnosis involves examining the eye for signs like a cherry red spot at the macula. Acute management focuses on restoring retinal blood flow through measures like ocular massage or vasodilators. Long term management aims to prevent further vascular events through treating underlying risk factors.
Coats' Disease
Coats' disease is a rare eye condition characterized by abnormal blood vessels in the retina. It most commonly affects young boys under 10 years old. The document discusses the history, signs and symptoms, classification, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and management of Coats' disease. Treatment options depend on the stage of the disease and aim to obliterate abnormal retinal vessels using laser photocoagulation, cryotherapy, surgery, or newer adjunct treatments like intravitreal anti-VEGF agents. Indian studies found Coats' disease patients often present with more severe vision loss and extensive retinal involvement compared to other populations.
Case Presentation: Duane's Syndrome
The document describes a case of Duane's syndrome in a 10-year-old male patient. Clinical findings showed limitation of adduction and globe retraction of the left eye, consistent with Duane's syndrome type 2. Refraction found low myopia and astigmatism, causing reduced vision. The patient was prescribed glasses and referred to a hospital for further evaluation and possible surgery due to a marked alternating head posture. Duane's syndrome is a congenital eye movement disorder caused by abnormal innervation of the eye muscles.
Glaucoma Awareness: Protecting Your Precious Vision
Learn about glaucoma screenings and who is
at risk. Diagnosis and treatment options will
be discussed.
Infantile esotropia
- Infantile esotropia refers to a large-angle, inward eye turning (esotropia) that develops before 6 months of age. It is characterized by limited eye movement outward (abduction) and may be caused by weakness of the sixth nerve or abnormal eye muscle development.
- Evaluation involves assessing eye alignment, eye movement, fixation, and refractive error. Treatment depends on the type and severity of esotropia but commonly includes eyeglasses, eye muscle surgery, Botox injections, or a combination of treatments. The goal is to align the eyes properly to prevent amblyopia.
Management of Dropped Nucleus and IOL
The document discusses management of dropped nuclei and intraocular lenses during cataract surgery. It explains that a dropped nucleus or IOL can occur due to surgical trauma, pre-existing defects, extension of capsulorhexis, or zonular dehiscence. Any nucleus fragments should be removed to prevent inflammation and rise in pressure. If the anterior capsule is intact, an IOL can be placed, otherwise an anterior chamber or iris-claw IOL is required. Dropped IOLs should be removed if causing visual disturbances or retinal defects. Surgical techniques for removing fragments and IOLs include vitrectomy and placement of a secondary IOL such as scleral-fixated or glued IOL
Corneal Dystrophies
This document discusses various types of corneal dystrophies presented by Dr. Puneet Sharma. It defines corneal dystrophies as a group of progressive, genetically determined disorders that cause non-inflammatory opacification of the cornea. It then describes several specific corneal dystrophies categorized by the layer of the cornea they affect (epithelial, stromal, endothelial). For each dystrophy, it covers inheritance pattern, histology, onset, signs/symptoms, and treatment. The document provides detailed information on Cogan dystrophy, Meesmann dystrophy, Reis-Bucklers dystrophy, granular dystrophy types 1 and 2, lattice dystrophy types 1 and 2, and Fuchs endothelial
Vitreous substitutes
Vitreous substitutes are substances used during vitreoretinal surgery to re-establish intraocular volume, assist with separating membranes from the retina, and manipulate and flatten detached retina. They are also used postoperatively as long-term tamponading agents to maintain the retina in apposition. Common vitreous substitutes used include balanced salt solution, air, viscoelastic fluids, silicone liquid, and perfluorocarbon liquids. Gases such as air, SF6, and C3F8 are employed during retinal detachment surgery to provide internal tamponade and are chosen based on their duration, expansion properties, and buoyancy effects. Complications can include increased intraocular pressure, lens opac
Corneal dystrophies
This document provides an overview of different types of corneal dystrophies, including their classification, clinical features, histopathology, and management. It discusses epithelial and subepithelial dystrophies, corneal dystrophies of Bowman's layer, stromal corneal dystrophies, and Descemet membrane and endothelial dystrophies. The key points are that corneal dystrophies are inherited, bilateral, and slowly progressive disorders that begin early in life and are characterized by corneal opacification without relationship to environmental factors. Diagnosis involves classification based on the anatomical layer affected and treatment typically involves managing symptoms although surgery may be needed if vision is impaired.
Neuroretinitis
Neuroretinitis is characterized by optic disc edema and a macular star pattern. It is often idiopathic but can be associated with viral infections. Common symptoms include sudden vision loss without pain. Evaluation involves serological testing and imaging to investigate for infectious etiologies. While it typically resolves spontaneously on its own, specific antibiotic treatment may aid recovery if an infection is identified. The prognosis is generally good with resolution of disc edema within 6-8 weeks and macular star within a year, resulting in restored vision.
Managing the failing bleb
This document provides guidance on managing failing blebs after glaucoma surgery. It discusses risk factors for bleb failure, the histology of functioning vs failed blebs, typical appearances of failed blebs, identifying the cause of failure as internal or external blockage, and various management techniques. These include increasing digital pressure, medications, laser suture lysis, and bleb needling with or without anti-metabolites like mitomycin C or 5-fluorouracil to restore bleb function and control intraocular pressure. Complications of bleb needling are also reviewed.
Optical coherence tomography in glaucoma - Dr Shylesh Dabke
This document discusses optical coherence tomography (OCT) in evaluating glaucoma. It begins by outlining the importance of early glaucoma detection to prevent vision loss. OCT is described as the most appropriate technology for detecting glaucoma as it can assess retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness before visual field or optic disc changes occur. RNFL thinning is an early sign of glaucoma. The document then provides details on OCT technology and analysis of RNFL thickness, optic nerve head, and macula to diagnose and monitor glaucoma. RNFL analysis, especially of the inferior quadrant, is highlighted as the most useful OCT assessment for detecting early glaucoma.
POAG
This document provides an overview of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). It discusses the pathophysiology of raised intraocular pressure in POAG, including obstruction of aqueous outflow due to thickening of the trabecular meshwork. Genetic factors like mutations in the MYOC gene can also contribute to POAG. The document describes the mechanisms of glaucomatous optic neuropathy and clinical manifestations of POAG, which typically include asymptomatic vision loss and visual field defects. Evaluation involves assessing risk factors, family history, and performing tests like visual field testing and slit lamp examination.
Esotropia
This document discusses esotropia, which is an inward turning of one or both eyes. It defines esotropia and describes the different types including accommodative esotropia, congenital esotropia, and microtropia. It outlines the causes, characteristics, diagnosis, and management of each type of esotropia. Some key points covered include the role of accommodation and refractive error in accommodative esotropia, the importance of early treatment for congenital esotropia to prevent amblyopia, and the use of occlusion therapy, refractive correction, surgery, and botulinum toxin injection in the management of esotropia.
Essential infantile esotropia BY DR. VINIT KUMAR. Fellow Pediatric Ophthalmol...
ESSENTIAL INFANTILE ESOTROPIA ( PEDIATRIC OPHTHALMOLOGY ), ETIOLOGY , ETIOPATHOGENESIS, INVESTIGATION, CLINICAL EXAMINATION & MANAGEMENT OF CONGENITAL / INFANTILE ESOTROPIA .
ARTICLE REVIEW DISCUSSION .
Retinal artery occlusion
This document summarizes retinal artery occlusion, including classifications, epidemiology, clinical features, risk factors, evaluation, treatment, and prognosis for different types. Central retinal artery occlusion typically causes sudden, painless vision loss and has a poor visual prognosis. Branch retinal artery occlusion often causes partial vision loss and has a better prognosis, with vision recovering to 20/40 or better in most cases. Cilioretinal artery occlusion can occur in isolation or with central retinal vein occlusion, and isolated cases typically have a good visual outcome.
Pigment epithelial detachment (PED)
Pigment epithelial detachment (PED) occurs when the retinal pigment epithelium separates from the underlying Bruch's membrane, usually due to fluid accumulation. There are several types of PED including drusenoid, serous, and vascularized PEDs. PEDs can be caused by conditions like age-related macular degeneration and central serous choroidopathy. Optical coherence tomography is used to characterize the type and contents of the PED. Treatment depends on the specific cause and characteristics of the PED.
Dissociated vertical deviation
Dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) is a condition where one eye turns upward when the other eye fixes. It typically presents between ages 2-5 years and is often associated with infantile esotropia. DVD violates the rules of ocular motility as the deviating eye does not make a rapid movement to refixate. Measurement and tests like Bielschowsky's phenomenon and red glass testing help differentiate DVD from other vertical deviations. Treatment involves observation, encouraging bifixation, or surgery like superior rectus recession if the deviation is increasing. It is important to differentiate DVD from inferior oblique overaction.
Visual field analysis--interpretation
How to interpret the visual field printout
Learn basic terms of visual field analysis
How to diagnose glaucomatous field defect
How to diagnose neurological field defect
pseudoexfoliative glaucoma
Global estimates indicate that the prevalence of glaucoma is 3.54% worldwide, and the number of people affected is projected to increase from 64.3 million in 2013 to 111.8 million in 2040. Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness, with open-angle glaucoma affecting an estimated 4.5 million people and angle-closure glaucoma affecting 3.9 million people globally. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is the most common cause of secondary open-angle glaucoma worldwide and is characterized by the deposition of pseudoexfoliative material in various structures of the anterior eye segment.
Optic nerve head evaluation in glaucoma
This document discusses the morphological changes that occur in the optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber layer in glaucoma. It describes the various patterns of glaucomatous optic nerve damage including focal notching, concentric cupping, saucerization, and advanced cupping. Features that indicate glaucomatous damage include neuroretinal rim thinning, disc hemorrhages, and changes in the retinal vasculature around the optic disc. Evaluation of the optic nerve head is important for early detection of glaucoma before visual field loss occurs.
CRAO AND CRVO
This document discusses two retinal vascular disorders: central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). CRAO occurs when the central retinal artery is obstructed, typically by an embolism, and results in sudden painless vision loss. It affects the retina unilaterally. CRVO is caused by obstruction of the central retinal vein and leads to retinal edema, hemorrhages, and vision loss or impairment. It can be non-ischemic or ischemic. Risk factors for both conditions include atherosclerosis, embolism, giant cell arteritis, and increased intraocular pressure.
Age related macular degeneration (
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of vision loss in older adults. There are two main types: dry AMD, characterized by drusen and retinal pigment abnormalities, and wet AMD, characterized by abnormal blood vessel growth. Risk factors include increasing age, smoking, family history, and genetics. Diagnosis involves examination of the retina and macula using techniques like funduscopy, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography. Treatment options for wet AMD aim to stop blood vessel growth through therapies like anti-VEGF injections, photodynamic therapy, and laser photocoagulation. Lifestyle modifications and antioxidant supplements may help reduce risk of progression for dry AMD.
Keratoconus
This document provides an overview of keratoconus, including its etiology, signs and symptoms, classification, and management. Keratoconus is a non-inflammatory thinning of the cornea that results in a cone-shaped protrusion and irregular astigmatism. It typically onset in teenagers and progresses over time. Management includes rigid gas permeable contact lenses, collagen cross-linking to halt progression, and keratoplasty for advanced cases.
Retina quiz
This document contains two summaries:
1. Identify tumor A as a Retinal Astrocytoma and the cells in image B as Astrocytes (glial cells) found in the CNS.
2. Which eye tumor is image A associated with? Retinoblastoma. What is this presentation called? Trilateral retinoblastoma. What does this slide show? Homer wright and Flexner wintersteiner rosettes.
Choroidal neovascularization
This document discusses characteristics, types, diagnosis, and treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). It describes signs of CNV seen on examination including vision changes, scotomas, and drusen. Types of CNV identified on fluorescein angiography include classic, occult, and retinal angiomatosis proliferans. Treatment options discussed include anti-VEGF drugs like ranibizumab and aflibercept, as well as emerging therapies. Complications and differential diagnoses are also outlined.
Week 2 preso
The document discusses observations from visiting various stores. It notes that different stores have different approaches to motivate shoppers, with some wanting customers in and out quickly while others encourage lingering. Specific observations are provided about layout, products placed near entrances, and other aspects of The UPS Store, Target, Home Depot, Rite-Aid, Macy's, Safeway, and London Heathrow Terminal 5. The insights section notes differences between big and small stores, security measures, and resolves to be more observant in the future by looking in places not intended to go.
Glaucoma for the students and general practitioners
Glaucoma is a disease of the optic nerve that can lead to irreversible blindness if left uncontrolled. It is often asymptomatic until severe vision loss has occurred. The most common type is primary open-angle glaucoma, which occurs when the eye does not properly drain fluid, leading to elevated pressure in the eye. Treatment aims to lower intraocular pressure through medications, laser treatment, or surgery in order to slow the progression of vision loss. While glaucoma continues progressing even with treatment, the rate of progression is much slower, allowing for satisfactory vision with proper management.
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Corneal Dystrophies
This document discusses various types of corneal dystrophies presented by Dr. Puneet Sharma. It defines corneal dystrophies as a group of progressive, genetically determined disorders that cause non-inflammatory opacification of the cornea. It then describes several specific corneal dystrophies categorized by the layer of the cornea they affect (epithelial, stromal, endothelial). For each dystrophy, it covers inheritance pattern, histology, onset, signs/symptoms, and treatment. The document provides detailed information on Cogan dystrophy, Meesmann dystrophy, Reis-Bucklers dystrophy, granular dystrophy types 1 and 2, lattice dystrophy types 1 and 2, and Fuchs endothelial
Vitreous substitutes
Vitreous substitutes are substances used during vitreoretinal surgery to re-establish intraocular volume, assist with separating membranes from the retina, and manipulate and flatten detached retina. They are also used postoperatively as long-term tamponading agents to maintain the retina in apposition. Common vitreous substitutes used include balanced salt solution, air, viscoelastic fluids, silicone liquid, and perfluorocarbon liquids. Gases such as air, SF6, and C3F8 are employed during retinal detachment surgery to provide internal tamponade and are chosen based on their duration, expansion properties, and buoyancy effects. Complications can include increased intraocular pressure, lens opac
Corneal dystrophies
This document provides an overview of different types of corneal dystrophies, including their classification, clinical features, histopathology, and management. It discusses epithelial and subepithelial dystrophies, corneal dystrophies of Bowman's layer, stromal corneal dystrophies, and Descemet membrane and endothelial dystrophies. The key points are that corneal dystrophies are inherited, bilateral, and slowly progressive disorders that begin early in life and are characterized by corneal opacification without relationship to environmental factors. Diagnosis involves classification based on the anatomical layer affected and treatment typically involves managing symptoms although surgery may be needed if vision is impaired.
Neuroretinitis
Neuroretinitis is characterized by optic disc edema and a macular star pattern. It is often idiopathic but can be associated with viral infections. Common symptoms include sudden vision loss without pain. Evaluation involves serological testing and imaging to investigate for infectious etiologies. While it typically resolves spontaneously on its own, specific antibiotic treatment may aid recovery if an infection is identified. The prognosis is generally good with resolution of disc edema within 6-8 weeks and macular star within a year, resulting in restored vision.
Managing the failing bleb
This document provides guidance on managing failing blebs after glaucoma surgery. It discusses risk factors for bleb failure, the histology of functioning vs failed blebs, typical appearances of failed blebs, identifying the cause of failure as internal or external blockage, and various management techniques. These include increasing digital pressure, medications, laser suture lysis, and bleb needling with or without anti-metabolites like mitomycin C or 5-fluorouracil to restore bleb function and control intraocular pressure. Complications of bleb needling are also reviewed.
Optical coherence tomography in glaucoma - Dr Shylesh Dabke
This document discusses optical coherence tomography (OCT) in evaluating glaucoma. It begins by outlining the importance of early glaucoma detection to prevent vision loss. OCT is described as the most appropriate technology for detecting glaucoma as it can assess retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness before visual field or optic disc changes occur. RNFL thinning is an early sign of glaucoma. The document then provides details on OCT technology and analysis of RNFL thickness, optic nerve head, and macula to diagnose and monitor glaucoma. RNFL analysis, especially of the inferior quadrant, is highlighted as the most useful OCT assessment for detecting early glaucoma.
POAG
This document provides an overview of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). It discusses the pathophysiology of raised intraocular pressure in POAG, including obstruction of aqueous outflow due to thickening of the trabecular meshwork. Genetic factors like mutations in the MYOC gene can also contribute to POAG. The document describes the mechanisms of glaucomatous optic neuropathy and clinical manifestations of POAG, which typically include asymptomatic vision loss and visual field defects. Evaluation involves assessing risk factors, family history, and performing tests like visual field testing and slit lamp examination.
Esotropia
This document discusses esotropia, which is an inward turning of one or both eyes. It defines esotropia and describes the different types including accommodative esotropia, congenital esotropia, and microtropia. It outlines the causes, characteristics, diagnosis, and management of each type of esotropia. Some key points covered include the role of accommodation and refractive error in accommodative esotropia, the importance of early treatment for congenital esotropia to prevent amblyopia, and the use of occlusion therapy, refractive correction, surgery, and botulinum toxin injection in the management of esotropia.
Essential infantile esotropia BY DR. VINIT KUMAR. Fellow Pediatric Ophthalmol...
ESSENTIAL INFANTILE ESOTROPIA ( PEDIATRIC OPHTHALMOLOGY ), ETIOLOGY , ETIOPATHOGENESIS, INVESTIGATION, CLINICAL EXAMINATION & MANAGEMENT OF CONGENITAL / INFANTILE ESOTROPIA .
ARTICLE REVIEW DISCUSSION .
Retinal artery occlusion
This document summarizes retinal artery occlusion, including classifications, epidemiology, clinical features, risk factors, evaluation, treatment, and prognosis for different types. Central retinal artery occlusion typically causes sudden, painless vision loss and has a poor visual prognosis. Branch retinal artery occlusion often causes partial vision loss and has a better prognosis, with vision recovering to 20/40 or better in most cases. Cilioretinal artery occlusion can occur in isolation or with central retinal vein occlusion, and isolated cases typically have a good visual outcome.
Pigment epithelial detachment (PED)
Pigment epithelial detachment (PED) occurs when the retinal pigment epithelium separates from the underlying Bruch's membrane, usually due to fluid accumulation. There are several types of PED including drusenoid, serous, and vascularized PEDs. PEDs can be caused by conditions like age-related macular degeneration and central serous choroidopathy. Optical coherence tomography is used to characterize the type and contents of the PED. Treatment depends on the specific cause and characteristics of the PED.
Dissociated vertical deviation
Dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) is a condition where one eye turns upward when the other eye fixes. It typically presents between ages 2-5 years and is often associated with infantile esotropia. DVD violates the rules of ocular motility as the deviating eye does not make a rapid movement to refixate. Measurement and tests like Bielschowsky's phenomenon and red glass testing help differentiate DVD from other vertical deviations. Treatment involves observation, encouraging bifixation, or surgery like superior rectus recession if the deviation is increasing. It is important to differentiate DVD from inferior oblique overaction.
Visual field analysis--interpretation
How to interpret the visual field printout
Learn basic terms of visual field analysis
How to diagnose glaucomatous field defect
How to diagnose neurological field defect
pseudoexfoliative glaucoma
Global estimates indicate that the prevalence of glaucoma is 3.54% worldwide, and the number of people affected is projected to increase from 64.3 million in 2013 to 111.8 million in 2040. Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness, with open-angle glaucoma affecting an estimated 4.5 million people and angle-closure glaucoma affecting 3.9 million people globally. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is the most common cause of secondary open-angle glaucoma worldwide and is characterized by the deposition of pseudoexfoliative material in various structures of the anterior eye segment.
Optic nerve head evaluation in glaucoma
This document discusses the morphological changes that occur in the optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber layer in glaucoma. It describes the various patterns of glaucomatous optic nerve damage including focal notching, concentric cupping, saucerization, and advanced cupping. Features that indicate glaucomatous damage include neuroretinal rim thinning, disc hemorrhages, and changes in the retinal vasculature around the optic disc. Evaluation of the optic nerve head is important for early detection of glaucoma before visual field loss occurs.
CRAO AND CRVO
This document discusses two retinal vascular disorders: central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). CRAO occurs when the central retinal artery is obstructed, typically by an embolism, and results in sudden painless vision loss. It affects the retina unilaterally. CRVO is caused by obstruction of the central retinal vein and leads to retinal edema, hemorrhages, and vision loss or impairment. It can be non-ischemic or ischemic. Risk factors for both conditions include atherosclerosis, embolism, giant cell arteritis, and increased intraocular pressure.
Age related macular degeneration (
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of vision loss in older adults. There are two main types: dry AMD, characterized by drusen and retinal pigment abnormalities, and wet AMD, characterized by abnormal blood vessel growth. Risk factors include increasing age, smoking, family history, and genetics. Diagnosis involves examination of the retina and macula using techniques like funduscopy, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography. Treatment options for wet AMD aim to stop blood vessel growth through therapies like anti-VEGF injections, photodynamic therapy, and laser photocoagulation. Lifestyle modifications and antioxidant supplements may help reduce risk of progression for dry AMD.
Keratoconus
This document provides an overview of keratoconus, including its etiology, signs and symptoms, classification, and management. Keratoconus is a non-inflammatory thinning of the cornea that results in a cone-shaped protrusion and irregular astigmatism. It typically onset in teenagers and progresses over time. Management includes rigid gas permeable contact lenses, collagen cross-linking to halt progression, and keratoplasty for advanced cases.
Retina quiz
This document contains two summaries:
1. Identify tumor A as a Retinal Astrocytoma and the cells in image B as Astrocytes (glial cells) found in the CNS.
2. Which eye tumor is image A associated with? Retinoblastoma. What is this presentation called? Trilateral retinoblastoma. What does this slide show? Homer wright and Flexner wintersteiner rosettes.
Choroidal neovascularization
This document discusses characteristics, types, diagnosis, and treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). It describes signs of CNV seen on examination including vision changes, scotomas, and drusen. Types of CNV identified on fluorescein angiography include classic, occult, and retinal angiomatosis proliferans. Treatment options discussed include anti-VEGF drugs like ranibizumab and aflibercept, as well as emerging therapies. Complications and differential diagnoses are also outlined.
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Optical coherence tomography in glaucoma - Dr Shylesh Dabke
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Week 2 preso
The document discusses observations from visiting various stores. It notes that different stores have different approaches to motivate shoppers, with some wanting customers in and out quickly while others encourage lingering. Specific observations are provided about layout, products placed near entrances, and other aspects of The UPS Store, Target, Home Depot, Rite-Aid, Macy's, Safeway, and London Heathrow Terminal 5. The insights section notes differences between big and small stores, security measures, and resolves to be more observant in the future by looking in places not intended to go.
Glaucoma for the students and general practitioners
Glaucoma is a disease of the optic nerve that can lead to irreversible blindness if left uncontrolled. It is often asymptomatic until severe vision loss has occurred. The most common type is primary open-angle glaucoma, which occurs when the eye does not properly drain fluid, leading to elevated pressure in the eye. Treatment aims to lower intraocular pressure through medications, laser treatment, or surgery in order to slow the progression of vision loss. While glaucoma continues progressing even with treatment, the rate of progression is much slower, allowing for satisfactory vision with proper management.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is caused by increased pressure in the eye (intraocular pressure) that damages the optic nerve and causes vision loss. It can be primary open-angle glaucoma, angle-closure glaucoma, congenital glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, pigmentary glaucoma, or normal tension glaucoma. Diagnosis involves tests of eye pressure, optic nerve examination, and visual field tests. Treatment options include eye medications, laser surgery, and filtration surgery to manage pressure and slow vision loss.
World Glaucoma Day 2010
Glaucoma is the second largest cause of preventable blindness and largest cause of irreversible blindness in India. By 2010, it affected 10 million people and by 2020 it will affect 20 million people. Glaucoma causes permanent damage to the optic nerve and leads to slowly progressive vision loss. While some people experience symptoms like blurred vision or halos, many cases are asymptomatic. Glaucoma cannot be cured but can be treated through medical eye drops, tablets, laser surgery, and lifestyle changes like stress reduction and exercise. Regular eye checkups are important for those over 40 or with risk factors like diabetes.
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Nayana is a project aimed at assisting ophthalmologists in rural Karnataka to access cutting-edge eye care equipment and thereby provide comprehensive eye care to patients living in rural areas.
Wgw 2014 ppt 97-2003
World Glaucoma Week was held from March 9-15, 2014 to raise awareness about glaucoma. The World Glaucoma Association encouraged people to plan a big breakfast event to help with their awareness efforts. More information about World Glaucoma Week 2014 and how to get involved could be found on their website at www.wgweek.net.
World Glaucoma Day - Kota Eye Hospital
The poem tells the story of a man who went blind from glaucoma after neglecting early signs and symptoms for over a decade. It describes how he ignored friends' warnings about getting his eyes checked and put off seeing a doctor. By the time he had an eye exam at age 52, his glaucoma in both eyes could not be cured and he lost his vision. The poem serves as a reminder not to ignore potential glaucoma symptoms and to get regular eye exams in order to prevent blindness.
Glaucoma Awareness Month
www.siennapacific.com - January is Glaucoma Awareness Month. Learn and spread the word about this disease that if not treated on time can cause blindness. Wear Green to support the cause. Raise awareness with Green Ribbon Pins and Green Silicone Wristbands.
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Glaucoma can cause people to only be able to see the middle portion of what is normally visible. It most commonly affects those over 60 years old, but can strike some newborns and people of any age. Glaucoma is caused by a build up of fluid pressure in the eye that can damage the optic nerve if left unchecked. Having a family history of glaucoma increases one's risk of developing the disease. The presentation provided an overview of how glaucoma impacts vision, the ages it typically affects, and its underlying causes.
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This document summarizes a program that provided training to caregivers of visually impaired seniors. The program was run by Envision Rehabilitation Center and aimed to educate caregivers on age-related vision loss, coping strategies, and how to access vision rehabilitation services. Over two years the program held 44 training sessions reaching at least 493 caregivers. Surveys found the training greatly benefited participants and increased referrals to vision rehabilitation services by 40%.
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Glaucoma Knowledge Test
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Bsp presentation
This document outlines the five building blocks of a financial system: money, financial markets, financial institutions, financial instruments, and central banks. It lists money and financial markets as the first two building blocks, followed by financial institutions. Financial instruments are listed as the fourth building block, with central banks concluding the list of core components.
Official letter rana (finale)
This document outlines a crowdfunding campaign to raise £23,513 to support Rana Alshamsi, a 21-year-old graduate from Gaza accepted to a MA program at SOAS but unable to afford tuition and living costs. The funds will allow Rana to enroll in September 2015, as she received a deferred admission due to conflicts preventing her from completing her application. References are provided to support the costs outlined and confirm Rana's acceptance to SOAS. The campaign aims to raise the full amount to fund Rana's education, or will find another student to support if unsuccessful.
Scayl quick windows tutorial 9 03 2013
Scayl Beta is an email client for Windows that allows sending messages and attachments of any size. Users can attach up to 20 files per message or a folder of files and pictures. Recipients who don't have Scayl yet will receive instructions to install it and download the attached files. Scayl tracks the status of incoming and outgoing file transfers in the Attachments folder and allows saving, sending, or deleting attachments from there. It also features presence indicators showing whether contacts are online, offline, or non-Scayl users.
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Eye World Glued IOL Symposium to be held during American Society of Cataract & Refractive Surgery Congress on Saturday, 20th April 2013
Brochure v3
The document announces an upcoming conference on glued IOL and IOL scaffold techniques. It provides details about hands-on workshops for learning how to perform techniques like scleral flap creation and haptic externalization. Registration is available on a first come, first served basis by emailing the contact provided. The conference will take place July 6-7, 2013 at the Hotel Le Meridien in Chennai, India and will include lectures, panel discussions, live surgeries and workshops on topics like DMEK, glued IOLs, cataract techniques and more.
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The document announces an upcoming "Glued IOL Conference" on February 24th, 2013 in Bhubaneswar, India. The conference will include hands-on wet lab training, live surgeries, didactic lectures and panel discussions on performing glued intraocular lens (IOL) surgery. It provides an agenda with session topics including fundamentals of glued IOL surgery, managing complex cases, complications, and mastering the technique. Several doctors are listed as faculty who will speak on various aspects of glued IOL procedures.
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El documento trata sobre un quiz llamado KALPA 2012. Se realizó un concurso de preguntas y respuestas en el año 2012 con el nombre de KALPA. El quiz consistió en varias rondas de preguntas sobre diferentes temas para evaluar los conocimientos generales de los participantes.
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Dr. Soundari from Dr. Agarwals Eye Hospital presenting a presentation on Visual pathway , in Kalpavriksha 2012 - Chennai
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This document discusses different types of pupil abnormalities including dilated and constricted pupils. It provides details on conditions that cause each type such as RAPD causing dilated pupils and Horner's syndrome causing constricted pupils. Measurement thresholds for pupil testing and characteristics of various syndromes are outlined such as Argyll Robertson pupils showing miosis and absent light reflex. Causes and mechanisms of different syndromes are also summarized.
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A presentation on Retinal laser in opthalmology from Dr. Agarwal's Eye Hospital , in Kalpavriksha - 2012 , Chennai
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The document discusses various retinal laser treatments used in ophthalmology, including pan retinal photocoagulation for conditions like diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusions. It describes the different types of lasers and laser delivery systems, factors affecting retinal photocoagulation, and protocols for treating various fundus disorders. The laser treatments are aimed at reducing neovascularization, macular edema, and the risk of vision loss.
EYE DONATION
This document discusses eye donation and its importance in India. It notes that India has 30% of global blindness, with 52 million visually impaired people and 1 in 1000 children being blind. Only 40,720 eyes are collected annually to help the 20-25,000 new cases of corneal blindness each year. The cornea can be donated within 6-8 hours of death to help restore sight to those suffering from corneal blindness. While myths exist, all religions support eye donation, only the cornea is removed in a short procedure, and anyone can pledge their eyes regardless of age, gender, medical conditions or religion. The document appeals for people to pledge and donate their eyes.
Eye donation quiz
This document is an eye donation quiz that aims to spread awareness about eye donation. It contains multiple choice questions about various aspects of eye donation, such as who can donate eyes, what parts of the eye are donated, the process of eye donation after death, and the role of eye banks. The key points are that eyes can only be donated after death, the cornea is the part that is donated to help restore sight to the blind, and eye banks coordinate between donors and eye hospitals to facilitate transplants within 6 hours of death.
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UBM provides high resolution imaging of the anterior segment structures in a non-invasive manner. It can image structures like the ciliary body and zonules that
Reticon 2012 Conference
Reticon - Retinal Congress With Live Surgery Show,
Experience Live Session on Vitreo-Retinal Surgery.
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The document summarizes interesting facts about human eyes. It discusses the main parts of the eye like the retina, sclera, cornea, conjunctiva, iris, pupil, lens, and their functions. It also mentions that the eye has over 500 shades of gray vision and weighs 28 grams. Diabetes is a leading cause of blindness. The highest sneeze speed is 165 km/hr and babies cannot produce tears until 6-8 weeks old.
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- 5. No age limit to affect
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