In the field of psychology, cognitive dissonance is the perception of contradictory information. Relevant items of information include a person's actions, feelings, ideas, beliefs, values, and things in the environment.
In the field of psychology, cognitive dissonance is the perception of contradictory information. Relevant items of information include a person's actions, feelings, ideas, beliefs, values, and things in the environment.
personality traits are "enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself that are exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contexts." A trait is what we call a characteristic way in which an individual perceives, feels, believes, or acts.
Trait theories are the following
Three trait theory
16 personality factor theory
Universal trait theory
Big five model
HEXACO model
What is impression formation? How does it contribute to sociability or social...Eric Wagobera Jnr
Impression formation is practically a part of our everyday life through which we endeavor to depict ourselves as worthy of other people's attention. This term paper explains in full detail what impression formation means and how this psychological process contributes to someone's sociability or social perception accuracy. The paper maintains that with the aid of several factors such as information from various sources and the emotional congeniality, we can form an impression of others – whether good or bad. There are some decisive issues such as social status, customs, gender, age, profession, personal attractiveness and attributes which determine the course of one's impression formation process and why those trying to impress should be attentive to some invisible but yet compelling forces that can either ruin or build up their impression before others. Quoting different authors in the field of psychology, the paper also highlights existing scholarly studies into impression formation which are necessary to understand the justified circumstances through which impression formation takes place. The two major theories of impression formation - Asch's theory of impression formation and the information integration theory are applied to explain the sharply contrasting scholarly views held about impression formation but one noteworthy concern is that they both offer accurate explanations of how both the externalities and internalities affect our impression before others. Furthermore, the paper explores the different ways through which impression formation contributes towards the sociability of someone or a group. Like the common saying ‘what you sow is what you reap', impression formation is a daunting task in which you have to portray the best version of you in order to yield the much-desired social perception accuracy. Also included are the practical recommendations for a positive impression formation which can prepare you appropriately for that critical moment when you all you have to do is putting up the most phenomenal impression to the job interview panel, product marketing or political debate. What needs to be acknowledged is that the kind of impression we create has the power to make us either socially acceptable or not and therefore, a well- planned impression formation will always contribute to a positive sociability while an unconvincing impression formation will definitely lead to a devastating sociability and its painstaking after effects.
personality traits are "enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself that are exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contexts." A trait is what we call a characteristic way in which an individual perceives, feels, believes, or acts.
Trait theories are the following
Three trait theory
16 personality factor theory
Universal trait theory
Big five model
HEXACO model
What is impression formation? How does it contribute to sociability or social...Eric Wagobera Jnr
Impression formation is practically a part of our everyday life through which we endeavor to depict ourselves as worthy of other people's attention. This term paper explains in full detail what impression formation means and how this psychological process contributes to someone's sociability or social perception accuracy. The paper maintains that with the aid of several factors such as information from various sources and the emotional congeniality, we can form an impression of others – whether good or bad. There are some decisive issues such as social status, customs, gender, age, profession, personal attractiveness and attributes which determine the course of one's impression formation process and why those trying to impress should be attentive to some invisible but yet compelling forces that can either ruin or build up their impression before others. Quoting different authors in the field of psychology, the paper also highlights existing scholarly studies into impression formation which are necessary to understand the justified circumstances through which impression formation takes place. The two major theories of impression formation - Asch's theory of impression formation and the information integration theory are applied to explain the sharply contrasting scholarly views held about impression formation but one noteworthy concern is that they both offer accurate explanations of how both the externalities and internalities affect our impression before others. Furthermore, the paper explores the different ways through which impression formation contributes towards the sociability of someone or a group. Like the common saying ‘what you sow is what you reap', impression formation is a daunting task in which you have to portray the best version of you in order to yield the much-desired social perception accuracy. Also included are the practical recommendations for a positive impression formation which can prepare you appropriately for that critical moment when you all you have to do is putting up the most phenomenal impression to the job interview panel, product marketing or political debate. What needs to be acknowledged is that the kind of impression we create has the power to make us either socially acceptable or not and therefore, a well- planned impression formation will always contribute to a positive sociability while an unconvincing impression formation will definitely lead to a devastating sociability and its painstaking after effects.
introduction to trade unions
trade unions characteristics
objectives of trade unions
how trade unions are financed
how trade unions recruits its members
why employees join trade unions
functions of trade unions
trade union structure
Weakness/challenges/problems facing trade unions
Measures to strengthen trade unions
Advantages of trade unions to workers, employeer and society
criticism of trade unions by employer
Classification of learning profile based on categories of student preferencesLuciana Zaina
In an environment applied in engineering
teaching, as in many knowledge areas, is very important
to know and understand learner differences in a way to
be able to adapt system’s actions to student’s best
learning conditions and aptitudes. Working thus makes
it possible to identify learning profiles within a group of
students, allowing the system to supply learners with
contents and tools more suited for them. The goal of this
work is to present the architecture of a system that
realizes an evaluation of learning profiles based on
categories of student preferences. The categories are
defined from Felder-Silverman Learning Style Model.
The architecture enables the teacher to specify the
observable characteristics he considers most suitable
within the teaching scope in question, whose
characteristics are related with categories of student
preferences. Through the categories create a relationship
between what is observed and the learning objects used
to build automatically the learning scenarios according
to the student learning profile.
What Is Cognitive Behavioral TherapyCognitive behavioral thlorileemcclatchie
What Is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy?
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of psychological treatment that has been demonstrated to be effective for a range of problems including depression, anxiety disorders, alcohol and drug use problems, marital problems, eating disorders and severe mental illness. Numerous research studies suggest that CBT leads to significant improvement in functioning and quality of life. In many studies, CBT has been demonstrated to be as effective as, or more effective than, other forms of
psychological
therapy or psychiatric medications.
It is important to emphasize that advances in CBT have been made on the basis of both research and clinical practice. Indeed, CBT is an approach for which there is ample scientific evidence that the methods that have been developed actually produce change. In this manner, CBT differs from many other forms of psychological treatment.
CBT is based on several core principles, including:
1. Psychological problems are based, in part, on faulty or unhelpful ways of thinking.
2. Psychological problems are based, in part, on learned patterns of unhelpful behavior.
3. People suffering from psychological problems can learn better ways of coping with them, thereby relieving their symptoms and becoming more effective in their lives.
CBT treatment usually involves
efforts
to change thinking patterns. These strategies might include:
o Learning to recognize one's distortions in thinking that are creating problems, and then to reevaluate them in light of reality.
o Gaining a better understanding of the behavior and motivation of others.
o Using problem-solving skills to cope with difficult situations.
Many of the most popular and effective cognitive behavioral therapy techniques are applied to what psychologist call cognitive distortion, inaccurate thoughts that reinforce negative thought patterns or emotions. (Grohol,2016)
There are 15 main cognitive distortions that can plague even most balanced thinkers.
1. Filtering refers to the way a person can ignore all the positive and good things in life to focus solely on the negative. It’s the trap of dwelling on a single negative aspect of a situation, even when surrounded by an abundance of good thinks.
2. Polarize thinking/Black-and-white thinking This cognitive distortion is all-or-nothing, never shades of gray. If you don’t perform perfectly in some area, then your may see yourself as a total failure instead of simply recognizing that you may be unskilled in one area.
3. Overgeneralization is thinking a single incident or point in time and using it as the sole piece of evidence for a broad conclusion.
4. Jumping to conclusions. Like overgeneralization, this distortion involves faulty reasoning in how one makes conclusions. Unlike overgeneralizing one incident, jumping to conclusions refers to the tendency to be sure of something without any evidence at all.
For example, we ...
Cognitive distortions - Depression and anxiety.Koduvayur Anand
A cognitive distortion is an exaggerated or irrational thought pattern involved in the onset and perpetuation of psychopathological states, especially those more influenced by psychosocial factors, such as depression and anxiety.
In this slideshow some most important cognitive distortions are discussed
You can see the video of this in the following link.
Learn CBT Lesson #8 – Cognitive Distortions
https://youtu.be/zK8cLoYtwGY
Why do clever osteopaths believe stupid things?
The International Academy of Osteopathy
http://www.osteopathie.eu/en
http://www.osteopathie.eu/en/publications
info@osteopathy.eu
ATTITUDE: CONCEPTS AND MODELS- COGNITIVE DISSONANCE AND TRI-COMPONENT THEORY pptNazimAhmad6
Cognitive dissonance is the mental discomfort or stress experienced by an individual who holds two or more contradictory beliefs, ideas, or values at the same time
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
2. DEFINATION
Cognitive dissonance refers to a situation involving
conflicting attitudes, beliefs or behaviors.
This produces a feeling of discomfort leading to an
alteration in one of the attitudes, beliefs or behaviors
to reduce the discomfort and restore balance etc.
For example, when people smoke (behavior) and they
know that smoking causes cancer (cognition).
3. Festinger's (1957)
cognitive dissonance theory suggests that we have an inner drive to
hold all our attitudes and beliefs in harmony and avoid disharmony
(or dissonance).
Attitudes may change because of factors within the person.
An important factor here is the principle of cognitive consistency,
the focus of Festinger's (1957) theory of cognitive dissonance.
This theory starts from the idea that we seek consistency in our
beliefs and attitudes in any situation where two cognitions are
inconsistent.
4.
5. Leon Festinger (1957)
Proposed cognitive dissonance theory, which states that a powerful motive
to maintain cognitive consistency can give rise to irrational and sometimes
maladaptive behavior.
According to Festinger, we hold many cognitions about the world and
ourselves; when they clash, a discrepancy is evoked, resulting in a state of
tension known as cognitive dissonance. As the experience of dissonance is
unpleasant, we are motivated to reduce or eliminate it, and achieve
consonance (i.e. agreement).
Cognitive dissonance was first investigated by Leon Festinger, arising out
of a participant observation study of a cult which believed that the earth
was going to be destroyed by a flood, and what happened to its members
— particularly the really committed ones who had given up their homes
and jobs to work for the cult — when the flood did not happen.
While fringe members were more inclined to recognize that they had
made fools of themselves and to "put it down to experience", committed
members were more likely to re-interpret the evidence to show that they
were right all along (the earth was not destroyed because of the
faithfulness of the cult members).
6. Eliminate Dissonance
1) Reduce the importance of the dissonant beliefs,
2) Add more consonant beliefs that outweigh the dissonant beliefs,
3) Change the dissonant beliefs so that they are no longer
inconsistent.
Dissonance occurs most often in situations where an individual must
choose between two incompatible beliefs or actions.
The greatest dissonance is created when the two alternatives are
equally attractive. Furthermore, attitude change is more likely in the
direction of less incentive since this results in lower dissonance.
In this respect, dissonance theory is contradictory to most behavioral
theories which would predict greater attitude change with increased
incentive.
7. Example
Consider someone who buys an expensive car but discovers that it
is not comfortable on long drives.
Dissonance exists between their beliefs that they have bought a
good car and that a good car should be comfortable.
Dissonance could be eliminated by deciding that it does not matter
since the car is mainly used for short trips (reducing the
importance of the dissonant belief) or focusing on the cars
strengths such as safety, appearance, handling (thereby adding
more consonant beliefs).
The dissonance could also be eliminated by getting rid of the car,
but this behavior is a lot harder to achieve than changing beliefs.
8. Principles
Dissonance results when an individual must choose between
attitudes and behaviors that are contradictory.
Dissonance can be eliminated by reducing the importance of the
conflicting beliefs, acquiring new beliefs that change the balance,
or removing the conflicting attitude or behavior.
9. Cognitive Dissonance Theory Examples
A cognition can be considered a belief.
If you like to smoke then this can be considered a cognition.
If you like ice cream then this is another cognition.
Those two beliefs are not related to each other but if one of them
became dissonant with the other then according to the Cognitive
dissonance theory Cognitive dissonance will happen.
For example if you like to smoke but you know that smoking is
harmful then that would result in Cognitive dissonance.
The Cognitive dissonance theory states that when two cognitions
become dissonant Cognitive dissonance happens.
10. Example 1: Knowing that smoking is harmful (First cognition) while
liking to smoke (second cognition). The Cognitive dissonance theory's
conditions were met because those cognitions are dissonant
Example 2: Believing that lying is bad (First cognition) and being
forced to lie (second cognition)
Example 3: Liking a friend (first cognition) while knowing that he
hates your brother (second cognition)
11. Cognitive Dissonance Theory And
Adaption
People adapt to Cognitive dissonance in different ways.
For example a person might adapt by creating a new cognition, a
second may adapt by changing his attitude and a third may adapt by
changing his behavior.
In the next few lines I will give some examples for adaptation
according to the Cognitive dissonance theory based on the previous
three examples.
Example 1: In such a case a person could create a new cognition by
claiming that lots of old people smoke since they were young and they
are still healthy
Example 2: In this case the person might change his behavior by not
lying or even change his attitude by claiming that he believes in the
lie
Example 3: In such a case the person can claim that his friend doesn't
like his brother because he didn't have time to know him well.
12. Fundamental Assumptions
1) Humans are sensitive to inconsistencies between actions and
beliefs.
According to the theory, we all recognize, at some level, when we
are acting in a way that is inconsistent with our
beliefs/attitudes/opinions. In effect, there is a built in alarm that
goes off when we notice such an inconsistency, whether we like it
or not.
For example, if you have a belief that it is wrong to cheat, yet you
find yourself cheating on a test, you will notice and be affected by
this inconsistency.
13. 1) Recognition of this inconsistency will cause dissonance, and will
motivate an individual to resolve the dissonance.
Once you recognize that you have violated one of your principles,
according to this theory, you won’t just say "oh well".
You will feel some sort of mental anguish about this.
The degree of dissonance, of course, will vary with the importance
of your belief/attitude/principle and with the degree of
inconsistency between your behavior and this belief.
In any case, according to the theory, the greater the dissonance
the more you will be motivated to resolve it.
14. 1) Dissonance will be resolved in one of three
basic ways:
Change beliefs
Perhaps the simplest way to resolve dissonance between
actions and beliefs is simply to change your beliefs.
You could, of course, just decide that cheating is o.k.
This would take care of any dissonance.
However, if the belief is fundamental and important to you
such a course of action is unlikely.
Moreover, our basic beliefs and attitudes are pretty stable,
and people don’t just go around changing basic
beliefs/attitudes/opinions all the time, since we rely a lot
on our world view in predicting events and organizing our
thoughts.
Therefore, though this is the simplest option for resolving
dissonance it’s probably not the most common.
15. Change actions
A second option would be to make sure that you never do this
action again.
Lord knows that guilt and anxiety can be motivators for
changing behavior. So, you may say to yourself that you will
never cheat on a test again, and this may aid in resolving the
dissonance.
However, aversive conditioning (i.e., guilt/anxiety) can often
be a pretty poor way of learning, especially if you can train
yourself not to feel these things. Plus, you may really benefit
in some way from the action that’s inconsistent with your
beliefs.
So, the trick would be to get rid of this feeling without
changing your beliefs or your actions, and this leads us to the
third, and probably most common, method of resolution.
16. Change perception of action
A third and more complex method of resolution is to change
the way you view/remember/perceive your action.
In more colloquial terms, you would "rationalize" your actions.
For example, you might decide that the test you cheated on
was for a dumb class that you didn’t need anyway.
Or you may say to yourself that everyone cheats so why not
you? In other words, you think about your action in a different
manner or context so that it no longer appears to be
inconsistent with your beliefs.
If you reflect on this series of mental gymnastics for a moment
you will probably recognize why cognitive dissonance has come
to be so popular.
If you’re like me, you notice such post-hoc
reconceptualization's (rationalizations) of behavior on the part
of others all the time, though it’s not so common to see it in
one’s self.
17. How to Reduce Cognitive Dissonance
There are three key strategies to reduce or minimize cognitive
dissonance:
Focus on more supportive beliefs that outweigh the dissonant belief or
behavior
Reduce the importance of the conflicting belief
Change the conflicting belief so that it is consistent with other beliefs
or behaviors
Why is Cognitive Dissonance Important?
Cognitive dissonance plays a role in many value judgments, decisions
and evaluations. Becoming aware of how conflicting beliefs impact
the decision-making process is a great way to improve your ability to
make faster and more accurate choices.