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![CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS
CREATED BY :-
ALAY MEHTA 141080106011
SHIVANI PATEL 141080106021
KAVIN RAVAL 141080106026
KUNTAL SONI 141080106028
by
PranameshChakraborty
GEOTECHNICS AND APPLIED GEOLOGY
[G.T.A.G.]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/classificationofsoil-151105043115-lva1-app6891/75/Classification-of-soil-1-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byKavin Raval
Classification of soil
This document discusses different methods for classifying soils, including particle size classification, textural classification, Highway Research Board (HRB) classification, Unified Soil Classification System (USCS), and Indian Standard Classification System (ISCS). The key points are: 1) Soils can be classified based on their particle size, texture, engineering properties for pavement or other uses, plasticity characteristics, and percentage of sand, silt and clay. 2) Classification systems group soils with similar properties together to describe and understand their engineering behavior. 3) The ISCS system is based on the USCS but further subdivides fine-grained soils into low, intermediate and high plasticity groups based on
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Introduction to soil classification and its purpose to group soils by engineering characteristics.
Overview of classifications such as Particle Size, Textural, HRB, USCS, and ISCS.
Soils categorized by grain size: gravel, sand, silt, clay, without designating natural soil types.
Classifies composite soils based on particle size distribution, important for coarse-grained soil.
Classification that combines size and plasticity for pavement construction, with 7 primary groups.
Evaluation of soil based on material passing 75 micron sieve, liquid limit, and plastic limit.
Details on group symbols and names for various soil types including gravel, sand, silt, clay.
ISCS overview, modifications from USCS, fine-grained soil groups based on plasticity.
Group symbols for ISCS classification, detailing plasticity levels and corresponding soil types.
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Classification of soil
- 1. CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS CREATEDBY :- ALAY MEHTA 141080106011 SHIVANI PATEL 141080106021 KAVIN RAVAL 141080106026 KUNTAL SONI 141080106028 by PranameshChakraborty GEOTECHNICS AND APPLIED GEOLOGY [G.T.A.G.]
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- 3. Purpose Arrange various typesof soils into groups according to their engineering or various other characteristics. Soil possessing similar characteristics can be placed in the same group. 3
- 4. CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL 1. Particle Size Classification 2. Textural Classification 3. Highway Research Board (HRB) Classification 4. Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) 5. Indian Standard Classification System (ISCS)
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- 6. Soils arranged accordingto grain sizes. Terms such as gravel, sand, silt and clay are used to indicate grain sizes. These terms are used only as designation of particle sizes. They do not signify naturally occurring soil types. Naturally occurring soil are mixture of particles of different sizes. Introduction 6
- 7. IS Classification ofGrain Size 7
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- 9. Soil classification ofcomposite soils exclusively based on Particle Size Distribution. Most popular is the Triangular Classification of U.S. Public Roads Administration. Classification based on % of sand, silt and clay size. More suitable for describing coarse grained soil. Clay soil properties are less dependent on particle size distribution. Introduction 9
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- 11. HIGHWAY RESEARCH BOARD(HRB) CLASSIFICATION
- 12. Based on bothparticle-size composition as well as plasticity characteristics. Mostly used for pavement construction. 7 primary groups (A-1, A-2,…., A-7). A-1 subdivided into 2 subgroups. A-2 subdivided into 4 subgroups. Introduction
- 13. Used to describeperformance of soil when used for pavement construction. Not used to place a soil in a particular group. It means rating the value of soil as a subgrade material within its own group. Higher the value of GI, poorer is the quality of material. Group Index (GI)
- 14. Group Index ofa soil depends on: 1. Amount of material passing 75 micron IS sieve. 2. Liquid Limit. 3. Plastic Limit. GROUP INDEX (GI) DETERMINATION
- 15. Classification Group Symbols MainSoil Type Prefix Subgroup Suffix Classification Group symbols Gravel G Well-graded Poorly-graded Silty Clayey W P M C GW GP GM GC Sand S Well-graded Poorly-graded Silty Clayey W P M C SW SP SM SC Silt M LL < 50% LL > 50% L H ML MH Clay C LL < 50% LL > 50% L H CL CH Organic O LL < 50% LL > 50% L H OL OH Peat Pt Pt
- 16. Group Symbols andGroup Names Group Symbol Typical Name GW Well-graded gravels. GP Poorly-graded gravels. GM Silty gravels. GC Clayey gravels SW Well-graded sands. SP Poorly-graded sands. SM Silty sands. SC Clayey sands.
- 17. Group Symbol TypicalName CL Inorganic clays of low plasticity. ML Inorganic silts with slight plasticity. OL Organic soil of low plasticity. CH Inorganic clays of high plasticity. MH Inorganic silts with high plasticity. OH Organic soil of high plasticity. Pt Peat. Group Symbols and Group Names
- 18. INDIAN STANDARD CLASSIFICATIONSYSTEM (ISCS) IS:1498-1970
- 19. Introduction Based on USCSsystem Modifications are: Fine grained soils subdivided into 3 groups (low, intermediate and high plasticity) as against two groups(low and high) in USCS. wL <35=L, 35<wL <5o=I, wL >50=H Thus, soil classified into 18 groups as against 15 in USCS. 19
- 20. Classification Group Symbols MainSoil Type Prefix Subgroup Suffix Classification Group symbols Gravel G Well-graded Poorly-graded Silty Clayey W P M C GW GP GM GC Sand S Well-graded Poorly-graded Silty Clayey W P M C SW SP SM SC Silt M LL < 35% 35<LL<>50 LL > 50% L I H ML MI MH Clay C LL < 35% 35<LL<>50 LL > 50% L I H CL CI CH Organic O LL < 35% 35<LL<>50 LL > 50% L I H OL OI OH Peat Pt Pt 20
- 21. Plasticity Chart High Plasticityuse H - wL >50 Intermediate Plasticity use I – 35< wL >50 Low Plasticity use L - wL <35 Below A-line, use M (Silt) or O (Organic) Above A-line, use C - Clay