This document provides an overview of slope stability and analysis. It defines different types of slopes as natural, man-made, infinite and finite. Common causes of slope failure like erosion, seepage, drawdown, rainfall, earthquakes and external loading are described. Key terms used in slope stability are defined, including slip zone, slip plane, sliding mass and slope angle. Types of slope failures are identified as face/slope failure, toe failure and base failure. Methods for analyzing finite slope stability, like Swedish circle method, Bishop's simplified method and Taylor's stability number are introduced. Infinite slope analysis is described for cohesionless, cohesive and cohesive-frictional soils. Example tutorial problems on slope stability calculations are
This is about types of shear failure in soil, describe all the three types of the bearing capacity failure of soil.
This is prepared by (Abdullah Kawkas Galaly) a student in civil engineering department at Salahaddin University in Erbil-Kurdistan region.
This is about types of shear failure in soil, describe all the three types of the bearing capacity failure of soil.
This is prepared by (Abdullah Kawkas Galaly) a student in civil engineering department at Salahaddin University in Erbil-Kurdistan region.
Introduction
Geostatic Stresses
Boussinesq’s Equation
Vertical Stresses Under A Circular Area
Vertical Stresses Under A Rectangular Area
Equation Point Load Method
Newmark’s Influence Chart
TERZAGHI’S BEARING CAPACITY THEORY
DERIVATION OF EQUATION TERZAGHI’S BEARING CAPACITY THEORY
TERZAGHI’S BEARING CAPACITY FACTORS
Download vedio link
https://youtu.be/imy61hU0_yo
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Introduction
Geostatic Stresses
Boussinesq’s Equation
Vertical Stresses Under A Circular Area
Vertical Stresses Under A Rectangular Area
Equation Point Load Method
Newmark’s Influence Chart
TERZAGHI’S BEARING CAPACITY THEORY
DERIVATION OF EQUATION TERZAGHI’S BEARING CAPACITY THEORY
TERZAGHI’S BEARING CAPACITY FACTORS
Download vedio link
https://youtu.be/imy61hU0_yo
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
There are many different means of investigating the landslide-prone areas. Two types of landslide hazard evaluation methods are available. One is the direct observation and the other one is the use of technological tools. One of the guiding principles of geology is that the past is the key to the future. In evaluating landslide hazards, the future slope failures could occur as a result of the same geologic, geomorphic, and hydrologic situations that led to past and present failures. Based on this assumption, it is possible to estimate the types, frequency of occurrence, extent, and consequences of slope failures that may occur in the future. A landslide susceptibility map goes beyond an inventory map and depicts areas that have the potential for landsliding.
Unit-1 Introduction
Unit-2 Plate Tectonic Force
Unit-3 Fault and Elements of Fault
Unit-4 Types of Fault
Unit-5 Reorganization of fault in the field
Summary
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
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Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
9. Slopes and its necessity
• An exposed ground surface that stands at
an angle (b) with the horizontal is called
slope.
• construction of highway and railway
• Embankments
• earth dams
• levees and canals.
10. Types of Slopes
Infinite Slopes
• They have dimensions that
extend over great distances
and the soil mass is inclined
to the horizontal.
Finite Slopes
• A finite slope is one with a
base and top surface, the
height being limited.
• The inclined faces of earth
dams, embankments and
excavation and the like are
all finite slopes.
12. Types of slopes
• Natural : Formation due to geological features
of the earth
• man made: Construction activity like cutting,
filling etc
•
13. Why to understand slopes?
• Failure of natural slopes (landslides) and man-made slopes has
resulted in much death and destruction.
• Civil Engineers are expected to check the safety of natural and
slopes of excavation.
• Slope stability analysis consists of determining and comparing the
shear stress developed along the potential rupture surface with the
shear strength of the soil.
• Attention has to be paid to geology, surface drainage, groundwater,
and the shear strength of soils in assessing slope stability.
15. Causes of Slope failure
• Erosion: The wind and flowing water causes erosion of top surface
of slope and makes the slope steep and thereby increase the tangential
component of driving force.
• Steady Seepage: Seepage forces in the sloping direction add to
gravity forces and make the slope susceptible to instability. The pore
water pressure decrease the shear strength. This condition is critical
for the downstream slope.
• Sudden Drawdown: in this case there is reversal in the direction
flow and results in instability of side slope. Due to sudden drawdown
the shear stresses are more due to saturated unit weight while the
shearing resistance decreases due to pore water pressure that does not
dissipate quickly.
• Rainfall: Long periods of rainfall saturate, soften, and erode soils.
Water enters into existing cracks and may weaken underlying soil
layers, leading to failure, for example, mud slides.
16. Causes of Slope failure ….
• Earthquakes: They induce dynamic shear forces.
In addition there is sudden buildup of pore water
pressure that reduces available shear strength.
• External Loading: Additional loads placed on top
of the slope increases the gravitational forces that
may cause the slope to fail.
• Construction activities at the toe of the slope:
Excavation at the bottom of the sloping surface
will make the slopes steep and there by increase the
gravitational forces which may result in slope failure
18. • Slip or failure zone: It is a thin zone of soil that
reaches the critical state or residual state and results in
movement of the upper soil mass.
• Slip plane or failure plane or slip surface or
failure surface: It is the surface of sliding.
• Sliding mass: It is the mass of soil within the slip plane
and the ground surface.
• Slope angle : It is the angle of inclination of a slope to
the horizontal.
• The slope angle is sometimes referred to as a ratio, for
example, 2:1 (horizontal: vertical).
19. Types of failure
• Broadly slope failures are classified into 3
types as
1. Face (Slope) failure
2. Toe failure
3. Base failure
20. Face (Slope) Failure:
Face (Slope) Failure: This type
of failure occurs when the slope
angle is large and when the soil at
the toe portion is strong.
A
B
21. Toe Failure:
In this case the failure surface
passes through the toe.
This occurs when the slope is steep
and homogeneous.
22. Base Failure:
In this case the failure surface passes below the toe.
This generally occurs when the soil below the toe is
relatively weak and soft.
23. Analysis of slopes : Factor of safety
• Factor of safety of a slope is defined as the
ratio of average shear strength (tf ) of a soil to
the average shear stress (td) developed along
the potential failure surface.
24.
25.
26. Finite Slopes: Analysis
• A finite slope is one with a base and top surface, the
height being limited.
• The inclined faces of earth dams, embankments,
excavation and the like are all finite slopes.
• Investigation of the stability of finite slopes involves
the following steps
– a) assuming a possible slip surface,
– b) studying the equilibrium of the forces acting on this
surface, and
– c) Repeating the process until the worst slip surface, that
is, the one with
• minimum margin of safety is found.
27. Analysis methods: finite slope
• Swedish Circle/Arc Method/Method of
slices/Standard method
• Bishop’s Simplified method
• Taylor’s stability No
28. The Swedish method of slices for a cohesive –
frictional (c-Ø ) soil
• Adopted for general type of soil which have
the combined grains of C and Ø soils.
• For a c-Ø soils the undrained strength
envelope shows both c and Ø values.
• The total stress analysis can be adopted.
33. Bishop’s Simplified method
• Swedish circle method ignores the rotational
failure of each slides, but consider overall
moment equilibrium equation.
• In Bishop’s method the equilibrium is
consided for all forces at the each slide .
•
36. Infinite Slopes: Analysis (Slope
stability of earthen dam for different
conditions)
• Infinite slopes have dimensions that extended
over great distances and the soil mass is inclined
to the horizontal.
• If different strata are present strata boundaries
are assumed to be parallel to the surface.
• Failure is assumed to occur along a plane parallel
to the surface.
37.
38. Analysis cases
• Case (i) Cohesionless soil
• Case (ii) Cohesive soil
• Case (iii) Cohesive-frictional soil.
39. Infinite slopes in Cohisionless soils
Consider an infinite slope in a cohesionless soil inclined
at an angle to the horizontal as shown.
Consider an element ‘abcd’ of the soil mass.
40.
41. Applying the concept of limit
equilibrium
“The maximum inclination of an infinite slope in a cohesionless
soil for stability is equal to the angle of internal friction of the
soil”.