Church in the Early Middle Ages
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The Roman Catholic Church grew in importance and became the central unifying institution in Western Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire. The Church spread Christianity through missionary work, brought Roman culture to Germanic tribes, and served important social, political, and religious roles for people during the Middle Ages. Church scholars in monasteries preserved classical literature and laid the foundations for later universities in Europe.
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Role of the Church in Medieval Europe
The church played a central role in medieval Europe. It was the most important institution, providing religious and social leadership during unstable times. The clergy owned a third of European land, making the church the largest landholder. The church also collected tithes and was generally responsible for record keeping. There were often power struggles between the Pope and kings. The church taught that receiving the seven sacraments was essential for salvation. Christians also expressed their faith through pilgrimages, art/architecture like cathedrals, and monastic life devoted to religion.
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The document provides an overview of the Middle Ages in Europe from the 5th century to the 15th century. It describes this period as between the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the Renaissance. The Middle Ages are divided into the Early or Low Middle Ages, characterized by the Dark Ages following the fall of Rome, and the Late or High Middle Ages, marked by events like the Black Plague and Magna Carta. The document outlines the rise of feudalism and the Catholic Church's influence during this time, as well as developments like the Crusades, monasticism, and the Byzantine and Holy Roman Empires.
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The Dark Ages slideshare
The document summarizes the political and social changes in Europe during the Dark Ages and early Middle Ages. When the Western Roman Empire fell in the 5th century, Germanic tribes like the Visigoths and Ostrogoths invaded and took control of the former Roman territories, disrupting trade, government, and education. Latin culture and language declined as new Germanic dialects emerged. Figures like Charles Martel helped establish new kingdoms like the Franks and defended against invaders like the Muslims. Charlemagne later united much of Western Europe under the Holy Roman Empire in 800 AD, though this unity was disrupted by later Viking invasions, leading people to turn to feudal systems for protection.
Medieval Europe
- By 500 AD, the Western Roman Empire had fallen and Germanic tribes had begun migrating into the region, intermarrying with Romans and establishing new states ruled by Germanic kings. The Franks eventually established the kingdom of France.
- The Roman Catholic Church grew powerful during the Middle Ages, establishing authority over Western Christians and becoming the most influential institution through the 1100s. Monks helped spread Christianity in Europe.
- Feudalism emerged as a political and economic system characterized by obligations between lords and vassals in which peasants and serfs worked lands in exchange for military protection. Manors and castles defined social hierarchies across fragmented kingdoms.
The Early Middle Ages. The Carolingian Empire
Created by María Jesús Campos, teacher of Social Studies, Geography and History in a bilingual section in Madrid
The Role of the Medieval Church
The Catholic Church played a central role in medieval European society. It provided religious services and sacraments, operated monasteries and universities, and was closely tied to political systems as many church officials also held government roles. The Pope headed the church hierarchy and claimed authority over all kings and emperors. This gave the Church tremendous power in the Middle Ages as it was the most powerful institution. However, as monarchies grew stronger they began contesting the Church's authority, leading to tensions over who had supremacy in religious and political matters - the Pope or secular rulers. This caused conflicts between the Catholic Church and monarchies throughout the medieval period.
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Role of the Church in Medieval Europe
The church played a central role in medieval Europe. It was the most important institution, providing religious and social leadership during unstable times. The clergy owned a third of European land, making the church the largest landholder. The church also collected tithes and was generally responsible for record keeping. There were often power struggles between the Pope and kings. The church taught that receiving the seven sacraments was essential for salvation. Christians also expressed their faith through pilgrimages, art/architecture like cathedrals, and monastic life devoted to religion.
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- By 500 AD, the Western Roman Empire had fallen and Germanic tribes had begun migrating into the region, intermarrying with Romans and establishing new states ruled by Germanic kings. The Franks eventually established the kingdom of France.
- The Roman Catholic Church grew powerful during the Middle Ages, establishing authority over Western Christians and becoming the most influential institution through the 1100s. Monks helped spread Christianity in Europe.
- Feudalism emerged as a political and economic system characterized by obligations between lords and vassals in which peasants and serfs worked lands in exchange for military protection. Manors and castles defined social hierarchies across fragmented kingdoms.
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Ppt middle age
The Early Middle Ages in Western Europe (450-900 CE) was a difficult time of invasion and weakness. Literacy was low, confined mainly to monasteries. The Feudal system and Manorialism developed, with serfs living under difficult conditions on manors. However, starting around 900 CE, agricultural innovations increased food production and population growth. Towns and trade expanded, and a recovery was underway in Western Europe. Universities also began developing. By the High Middle Ages, Western civilization reached new heights in the 1100-1200s CE.
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13.4 the power of the church (1)
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The Byzantine Empire
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1. The Middle Ages was marked by the decline of the Roman and Byzantine Empires and the rise of feudalism. Feudalism developed due to a lack of strong central government and rewarded military lords with land in exchange for services.
2. Charlemagne united much of Western Europe under the Carolingian Empire and was crowned emperor by the Pope in 800. His empire did not survive intact but helped establish the Holy Roman Empire.
3. Feudalism structured society into local lords granting land to vassals in exchange for military
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Ppt middle age
The Early Middle Ages in Western Europe (450-900 CE) was a difficult time of invasion and weakness. Literacy was low, confined mainly to monasteries. The Feudal system and Manorialism developed, with serfs living under difficult conditions on manors. However, starting around 900 CE, agricultural innovations increased food production and population growth. Towns and trade expanded, and a recovery was underway in Western Europe. Universities also began developing. By the High Middle Ages, Western civilization reached new heights in the 1100-1200s CE.
Martin luther and the reformation
Martin Luther was troubled by the Catholic Church's practice of selling indulgences to forgive sins and fund the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. In 1517, he wrote the 95 Theses criticizing indulgences and questioning papal authority. He nailed the theses to the door of the Wittenberg Castle church to debate fellow scholars. This sparked the Protestant Reformation as his ideas spread through printing and divided Western Christianity into Catholic and Protestant branches that still exist today.
The Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation began as a call for reform within the Catholic Church by Christian humanists such as Erasmus, who believed the Church should focus more on living virtuously rather than just following beliefs. Martin Luther further called for reform and questioned Catholic doctrines like the selling of indulgences, leading to his excommunication. This sparked the growth of Protestantism and divisions in Christianity between Catholic and Protestant churches across Europe.
13.4 the power of the church (1)
Pope Gelasius I established the idea of two powers - the holy authority of bishops and the royal power of kings. He believed bishops had authority over spiritual matters while kings had authority over political matters. In reality, the church and state struggled for power throughout the Middle Ages. The Catholic Church established a strict hierarchy with the Pope as the supreme authority over clergy such as bishops and priests. Canon law governed all aspects of religious and personal life and Kings were expected to obey the Pope under threat of excommunication. Otto I allied with the Church to gain power in Germany and Italy, crowning himself Holy Roman Emperor, but future emperors like Henry IV clashed with popes over lay investiture, the practice of kings appoint
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Christianity ppt
During the Middle Ages in Europe, Christianity developed and spread in the following ways:
The Council of Nicea in 325 AD established the basic tenets of Christianity. Emperor Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople and missionaries spread Christianity throughout Europe. Emperor Justinian constructed churches throughout the Byzantine Empire, showing the close connection between church and state. The Church grew powerful in Medieval Europe and became a central, unifying force as Charlemagne was crowned emperor by the Pope. However, a Great Schism in 1054 AD divided Christianity into Western Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy.
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The Reformation began in the 1500s led by reformers such as Martin Luther, John Calvin, and King Henry VIII who challenged the authority and teachings of the Catholic Church. Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing the Church in 1517 which sparked the Protestant Reformation. The printing press helped spread Protestant ideas. The Counter Reformation was launched by the Catholic Church including through the Jesuits and the Council of Trent to combat heresy and reform the Church. This led to a divided Europe and era of religious wars between Protestant and Catholic states.
The Dark Ages
The Dark Ages spanned from around 500 AD to 1000 AD. This period followed the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and was characterized by economic and political instability, migrations of people, and a decline in arts, culture, and education. Christianity spread throughout Europe during this time, while paganism remained influential in northern regions. Monks worked to preserve knowledge by copying manuscripts in monasteries and helped reconstruct European society after the fall of Rome.
Rise of Christianity
Religion in ancient Rome was polytheistic and based on Greek gods. Emperors were generally tolerant of other religions but expected people to respect Roman gods. When Rome conquered Judea in 63 BC, they allowed Hebrews to govern if they respected Roman laws, but many refused to worship Roman gods due to monotheism. This led to resistance and belief that a Messiah would restore the kingdom. Jesus was born in Judea in the early 1st century AD and began preaching a unique form of Judaism known as Christianity. He was crucified for defying Roman authority in 29 AD. The apostle Paul helped mold Jesus' teachings into a new religion of Christianity based on Jesus being God's son who
The Byzantine Empire
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The Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire preserved Roman and Greek culture after the fall of Rome. It blended these influences with Christianity and Middle Eastern styles. The empire reached its height under Justinian in the 6th century, when he reconquered territory and codified Roman laws. However, constant attacks weakened the Byzantines over time, and the empire ultimately fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. The Byzantines left a significant legacy in law, culture, art, and Eastern Orthodox Christianity.
High middle ages
The document summarizes changes in Europe between 1000-1500 AD, from the early to high Middle Ages. It describes improvements to agriculture like the heavy plow and three field system that increased food production. As populations grew, more people moved to towns to join the emerging middle class of burghers, bourgeoisie, and merchants. Trade also expanded through routes like the Mediterranean and Hanseatic League, supported by the establishment of local and great trade fairs. New social classes and business practices like guilds emerged as Europe transitioned from feudalism.
The Protestant Reformation
An overview of the Protestant Reformation detailing Luther's actions against the church and other proponents of the Reformation.
Early Middle Ages
The Early Middle Ages saw the decline of the Western Roman Empire and rise of feudal systems of government. Germanic tribes invaded Western Europe beginning in the 400s CE, disrupting trade and weakening centralized rule. With no strong central governments, people entered into agreements with local lords to receive protection in exchange for farming lands and other services. This led to a stratified society consisting of nobles, clergy, and peasants. Peasants lived difficult lives toiling on manorial estates under this new feudal system.
The Middle Ages
The document provides an overview of life in Europe during the Middle Ages from 1000-1500 AD. It describes the political, economic, social, and cultural aspects of medieval Europe, including the feudal system, manorialism, the Catholic Church, education, architecture, daily life, health, and fashion. Key events mentioned include the Black Death pandemic in the 14th century that killed nearly half of Europe's population.
The Middle Ages
The document provides an overview of the Middle Ages in Europe from the fall of Rome to the Renaissance. It discusses several key aspects:
1. The Middle Ages was marked by the decline of the Roman and Byzantine Empires and the rise of feudalism. Feudalism developed due to a lack of strong central government and rewarded military lords with land in exchange for services.
2. Charlemagne united much of Western Europe under the Carolingian Empire and was crowned emperor by the Pope in 800. His empire did not survive intact but helped establish the Holy Roman Empire.
3. Feudalism structured society into local lords granting land to vassals in exchange for military
The middle ages powerpoint
The Middle Ages spanned from 500-1500 AD. After the fall of the Roman Empire, threats of attacks led to the decline of cities and rise of feudalism as a political system with land granted in exchange for loyalty. Manorialism was the economic system of self-sufficient farming estates with little trade. Charlemagne created a large empire and helped revive learning in Europe, though it declined after his death. Europe was weakened by invasions until the rise of the powerful Roman Catholic Church and the Crusades between 1000-1300 AD, but the Black Death plague from 1347-1351 killed one-third of Europe's population and ended feudalism.
The Crusades
The document discusses the history of the Crusades from 1095 to 1291 AD. It began when the Pope called on European warriors to help retake Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim rule. There were nine major Crusades over almost two centuries that aimed to defeat Muslim forces and establish Christian control, but they ultimately failed and Muslim rule was restored. The Crusades exposed Europeans to new cultures and increased trade between Europe and the Middle East.
Medieval life
The document summarizes aspects of medieval European society during the Middle Ages following the fall of the Roman Empire, including the rise of a feudal system of government, the roles and hierarchies within castle life and society, aspects of rural peasant life and agriculture, types of settlements, and elements of medieval towns. It provides descriptions of medieval social classes, occupations, daily life, religious observances, and justice systems.
11.1 the byzantine empire
The Byzantine Empire flourished after the split of the Roman Empire into Eastern and Western halves in 395 CE. Under the emperor Justinian in the 6th century, the Byzantine Empire reconquered much of the former Roman territory and Justinian codified the empire's laws. However, the Byzantine Empire faced attacks from many groups and fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453, bringing an end to the Byzantine Empire. Linguistic, theological, and political differences grew over time between the Eastern Orthodox and Western Catholic churches, culminating in their official split in 1054 with the mutual excommunication of their leaders.
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The Middle Ages introduction and overview
The Middle Ages were the period in European history between 500-1500 AD. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. Key events in the Early Middle Ages included the rise of Islam and barbarian kingdoms, as well as the rule of Charlemagne. Europe faced invasions from Vikings, Muslims, and Magyars in the 800s-900s, leading to the rise of feudalism and knights. The High Middle Ages saw increased stability, growth of towns/cities, Crusades, and the establishment of kingdoms like England and universities.
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In the Late Medieval Period, European monarchies began consolidating power and forming independent nation-states that controlled large territories, unlike city-states. Nation-states such as England, France, and Spain expanded their territories and centralized royal power through conquest and internal reforms. This led to the emergence of strong centralized governments and a sense of national identity defined by shared culture, language, and history in these European powers.
Church in middle ages
The Catholic Church was the dominant institution in Europe during the Middle Ages and wielded significant political power. Bishops and other high-ranking clergy often sat on kings' councils and helped govern. Monasteries were run according to St. Benedict's rules, with monks and nuns taking vows of poverty, chastery, and obedience. Pilgrimages to holy sites were also an important part of religious life. The Crusades were a series of wars between Christians and Muslims over control of holy sites in Palestine. In response to heresy, the Inquisition was established in 1233 to investigate and punish those accused of holding beliefs contrary to Church doctrine.
Catholic Church In Medieval Europe
The Catholic Church was the most powerful organization in medieval Europe. It claimed authority over both religious and secular matters. The Church's power came from its role as a representative of God, its integration into daily life, and its ability to determine salvation or damnation through excommunication. Over time, the Church grew wealthy through donations and inheritance of land, and preserved learning through clergy who were literate in Latin. However, corruption grew as the Church's wealth and power increased.
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The document summarizes the notable contributions of several medieval European monarchs, including William the Conqueror of England who conducted the Domesday Book census; Henry II of England who broadened the royal justice system and began the jury system; John of England who signed the Magna Carta limiting monarchal power; and Edward I of England who created the Model Parliament establishing the bicameral legislature. In France, Hugh Capet increased royal power and made the throne hereditary founding the Capetian Dynasty, while Philip Augustus expanded royal lands and organized a standing army and national tax. Louis IX of France centralized the monarchy through expanded royal courts and ending serfdom. Philip IV of France established the Estates General
Church in middle ages
The Catholic Church was the dominant institution in Europe during the Middle Ages and wielded significant political power. Bishops and other high-ranking clergy often sat on royal councils and helped govern territories. Monasteries were run by strict rules and provided services to communities, while pilgrimages to holy sites were an important part of religious life. Knights formed an elite military class that fought for lords and kings in exchange for land and wealth, though some later paid to avoid military service. The Crusades were a series of wars launched by the Pope between Christians and Muslims over control of holy sites in Jerusalem, while the Inquisition was established to root out heresy.
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Counter Reformation
The Counter-Reformation was a period from the 1530s to the late 1500s where the Catholic Church made reforms to address issues that contributed to the Protestant Reformation and regain the loyalty of its members. The Council of Trent, a group of cardinals concerned with corruption of traditional church music, banned certain musical practices and secular influences during masses to purify worship. Composers like Giovanni Pierluigida Palestrina composed new church music that aligned with the directives of the Council of Trent.
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This document provides an overview of the Coptic Church by Kamal K. Botros. It discusses the term "Copt" and the origins of the Coptic people. The document outlines the history of the Coptic Church, including its founding by St. Mark in the 1st century AD. It describes the Coptic Church's role in Egypt's religious history and its relationship with other Christian denominations that emerged over time. Finally, it provides a brief timeline of Egypt's political history from ancient pharaonic times to the modern era.
Dark Ages 08
The Early Middle Ages, also known as the Dark Ages, saw the fall of the Western Roman Empire due to Germanic invasions. Small Germanic kingdoms like the Franks and Lombards emerged to fill the power vacuum. The Catholic Church was the sole surviving centralized institution and provided order. Charlemagne united much of Europe under the Frankish Empire and helped spread Christianity. His empire marked a revival of learning and centralized government, though it declined after his death.
Italian Renaissance
The document provides an overview of the Italian Renaissance between 1350-1600. It describes the Renaissance as a period of cultural change and achievement that began in Italy and later spread to the rest of Europe. Some key points:
1) The Black Plague and political instability in the 14th century led to a recovery and rebirth of interest in classical antiquity which influenced politics, art, and humanism.
2) Italian city-states like Milan, Venice, and Florence prospered economically and played important political roles, lacking a strong central ruler.
3) Humanism emerged, based on the study of classical Greek and Roman works, which emphasized intellect, civic involvement, and the individual.
02 Early Renaissance in Northern Europe
The document discusses several early Northern Renaissance artists including the Limbourg Brothers, Claus Sluter, Melchior Broderlam, Jan van Eyck, Rogier van der Weyden, Dirk Bout, Hugo van der Goes, and Hans Memling. It provides details on specific works such as the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry illuminated by the Limbourg Brothers, the Well of Moses sculpted by Claus Sluter, and the Ghent Altarpiece painted by Jan van Eyck. It also discusses characteristics of Northern Renaissance art including the use of oil paints to depict fine details and lifelike textures.
A Time of Crisis
Presentation about the undoing of the Middle Ages by way of a few events: Bubonic Plague, Great Schism, and Hundred Years War.
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The document provides background information on the Hundred Years War between France and England from 1337 to 1453. It summarizes key events such as the Norman Conquest establishing English claims to French lands, early English victories at battles like Crecy and Agincourt through the use of the longbow and cannons, and the rise of Joan of Arc who helped rally French forces and lift the English siege of Orleans, shifting momentum back to France.
The Middle Ages
The document provides an overview of life in medieval Europe during the Middle Ages. It describes the rise of feudalism as a political system that divided power between kings, lords, and knights in the absence of strong central governments. Under feudalism, peasants called serfs lived and worked on manors, farming the land in exchange for protection from lords. The document also mentions several significant events that impacted medieval Europe, including the Norman conquest of England in 1066 and the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215.
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The medieval church
By the 4th century, Christianity had become dominant in the Roman Empire and the Church played an increasing role in the new European civilization. Local parishes were led by priests and bishops, and people demonstrated their faith by building magnificent Gothic cathedrals between the 11th-12th centuries, featuring pointed arches, stained glass windows, and sculptures. The Pope grew in power and established the Roman Catholic Church and its laws, wielding authority over kings. Monks lived dedicated religious lives in monasteries and played an important social role through missionary work, education, medicine, and agriculture.
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This document discusses the state of the Catholic Church in England before the Protestant Reformation. It presents differing views on whether the Church was in need of reform or still satisfied people's needs. Some historians like John Foxe argued the Church was unpopular and corrupt, while others note that most people's lives still centered around the Church. The document also examines popular religious practices, criticisms of clergy, and early figures who opposed some Catholic doctrines, like humanists and reformers John Colet. It introduces Martin Luther's challenges to Catholic theology and indulgences, and how his ideas began spreading to England through figures like William Tyndale.
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Here are the answers to your questions:
1. Catholic Mass is the weekly ritual service in the Catholic Church where Communion is taken. It commemorates Jesus's death and sacrifice on the cross.
2. The building monks live in is called a monastery.
3. One example of power the Catholic Church had was that it could excommunicate people, essentially kicking them out of the Church and preventing them from receiving sacraments and going to heaven.
4. One of the Catholic reform movements was the Friars in the 1200s. Friars were wandering preachers that lived among common people to encourage reform and preach the gospel.
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During the Medieval period from 450-1450:
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- Constantine favored Christianity and gave it equality and protections under Roman law, establishing its role in the Roman Empire.
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During the High Middle Ages, church bells held significance as they notified communities about events and marked the hours. This signified the central role of the Roman Catholic Church at the time as people relied on it for leadership, answers, and protection. The Church's hierarchy mirrored the feudal system with the Pope at the top governing bishops, archbishops, cardinals and priests. Through tithes, gifts of land, and its own holdings, the Church accumulated great economic power and influenced all aspects of medieval life and society.
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During the High Middle Ages, church bells played an important role in medieval communities by notifying people of events and telling time. This signified the Roman Catholic Church's powerful central role in society, as people relied on the Church for leadership, answers to life's questions, and assurances of safety from disasters or salvation after death. The Church hierarchy was structured in a pyramid form similar to the feudal system, with the Pope at the top governing the Church across Europe through layers of Cardinals, Archbishops, Bishops and local Priests. This hierarchical structure and the Church's vast land holdings through gifts and taxes cemented its significant economic and social influence during this period.
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The Medieval Catholic Church was the central authority in Western Europe and taught that people were inherently sinful and dependent on God's grace to reach heaven. People participated in sacraments like baptism, communion, and confession that were administered by the Church. While Christianity could be complex, monks and nuns helped spread the religion through missionary work, teaching literacy, and operating hospitals. The Church held significant political and social power through the 1100s when calls for reform began regarding issues like corruption among clergy.
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Medieval Christianity had a profound influence on everyday life. The Church organized people's lives from birth through death, requiring rituals like baptism, Christian marriage, and funeral. It also regulated working hours and holidays. As a result, the Church had immense social power. Christians had religious duties to obtain salvation, such as weekly confession and communion. Politically, bishops advised kings while the Pope governed the Papal States. The Church also wielded significant economic power through tithes and ownership of lands worked by peasants. Overall, Christianity dominated medieval European society.
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Church in the Early Middle Ages
- 1. The Church in the Middle Ages
- 2. The Church The Roman Catholic Church grew in importance after Roman authority declined. It became the unifying force in western Europe. Missionaries spread Christianity to the Germanic Tribes, and bring with them the remains of Roman culture.
- 3. The Church, being the only organization left standing after the fall of Rome, becomes the central institution of the Middle Ages. The Church served the social, political, and religious needs of the people. The Church was the cultural center of the manor
- 4. Church Organization/Hierarchy Pope Archbishops Bishops Priests Administered the Sacraments, gave advice, taught about right and wrong Monks and Nuns Lived apart from society in monasteries or convents. Devoted their lives to prayer and good works. Might teach skills like carpentry and weaving. Often set up hospitals and gave shelter to travelers. These were also the missionaries of their day. Supervised priests, settled disputes over Church teachings and practices Supervised bishops and elected Popes Head of the Roman Catholic Church
- 5. The Church and Medieval Life Canon Law – church’s code of laws Excommunication – to be cut off from the church Heretics – people who denied the truth of the church’s principles or who preached beliefs not approved by the church
- 6. The Church and Medieval Life Church also had the power to tax Tithe – 1/10 of a Christian person’s income
- 7. Church Problems Corruption in the church People could buy high positions in the church Some monks and nuns lived in luxury even though they had vowed to live in poverty Inquisition – the search for heretics (Church’s Justice System) During the inquisition, those who did not confess were punished (execution)
- 9. Inquisitions (torture was used to get people to confess.
- 10. The Pope could interdict a noble which excludes an entire town, region or kingdom from receiving sacraments. If you were excommunicated you would not receive proper burial and the belief was you would not go to heaven
- 11. Influence of the Church The Church reached out across Europe in several ways: As Roman authority declined, the authority of the Church grew Popes claimed Papal Supremacy (authority over all religious rulers)
- 12. Influence of the Church The Church reached out across Europe in several ways: Missionaries carried Christianity and the Latin alphabet to the Germanic tribes
- 13. Influence of the Church The Church reached out across Europe in several ways: Like Byzantine libraries, and Islamic universities, monasteries preserved Greco-Roman culture
- 14. Influence of the Church A monastery is a place where a community of monks live Monks are men who have taken vows of poverty, chastity and obedience http://www.cleanvideosearch. com/media/action/yt/watch?vi deoId=9wVTP2016G0
- 15. Influence of the Church Parish priests, the local priests, served the religious and social needs of the people. Parish priest would baptize babies, perform weddings, and administer final death rites.
- 16. Church and Education Education was confined to the clergy during the Middle Ages. The peasants were too busy working the lord’s land (uneducated) The Nobility were too busy fighting and taking care of their feudal obligations (uneducated)
- 17. Church and Education Church scholars preserved classical literature in monasteries throughout the Christian world. This is the time before copy machines. Many monks’ job was to copy and recopy the ancient texts.
- 19. Church and Education Over a long period of time, church scholars slowly became interested in the knowledge of the ancients. European church scholars began to interpret and value this ancient learning.
- 20. The Role of Church Scholars Church scholars were among the few in the Middle Ages who could read and write Church scholars usually worked in monasteries. Church scholars would translate Greek and Arabic works into Latin.
- 21. The Role of Church Scholars Monks made available knowledge in the fields of philosophy, medicine, and science, which had been imported from the East (Byzantium and Islam) Church scholars laid the foundation for the rise of universities in Europe
- 22. Review Questions 1. How did monks serve god? 2. Who was in charge of a group of parish priests? 3. What was Canon law? 4. What was the purpose of the inquisition, and how were people treated during it? 5. Why was the church such a powerful force in the Middle ages?