The rise of the Renaissance in Italy and its major contributions to the rebirth of Europe. Includes key people, artwork techniques, and activities. SC State Standard 6-6.1 and 2
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Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
ESC Beyond Borders _From EU to You_ InfoPack general.pdf
Ppt middle age
1. Stages of Development of Western
Europe During Middle Ages
Stages of Development of Western
Europe During Middle Ages
2. What were the Middle Ages?What were the Middle Ages?
Middle Ages = Term for western
Europe during the Postclassical Era
(A.P. World History’s 3rd
time period)
Middle Ages = Term for western
Europe during the Postclassical Era
(A.P. World History’s 3rd
time period)
If you see the term “the West” =
western Europe (later includes
America)
If you see the term “the West” =
western Europe (later includes
America)
The Middle Ages are also called the
Dark Ages
The Middle Ages are also called the
Dark Ages
Middle Ages began with the fall of
Rome (476) and ended in the 1400s
Middle Ages began with the fall of
Rome (476) and ended in the 1400s
3. The Early Middle Ages (450-900)The Early Middle Ages (450-900)
First part of Middle Ages
= western Europe had
many problems and
considered backwards
Eventually, western Europe would recover and advance rapidly, but
that wasn’t until the later part of the Middle Ages (after 900 C.E.)
Italy was struggling after
the fall of Rome and
Spain was ruled by
Muslims
4. Early Middle Ages = Western Europe Weak
Western Europe often
invaded, making it hard
to advance
Western Europe often
invaded, making it hard
to advance
Vikings = Scandinavian
raiders, invaded Europe
between 700s and 1000s
Vikings = Scandinavian
raiders, invaded Europe
between 700s and 1000s
5. Literacy Low In Early Middle Ages
For the most part, only the
clergy and people in
monasteries were literate,
and they helped to
preserve classic learning
7. Manor System
Manorialism = economic
and political system b/t
landlords and their
peasants
Manor System (Feudalism)
increased due to a lack of
trade during early part of
the Middle Ages
8. A Serf’s LifeA Serf’s Life
Serfs = most peasants, who were farmers, lived on self-
sufficient estates called manors, got protection from
lord (noble) in return for part of their good
Serfs = most peasants, who were farmers, lived on self-
sufficient estates called manors, got protection from
lord (noble) in return for part of their good
Moldboard Plow = new
plow that could get
through heavy soil
Serf life was
difficult:
agricultural
technology
low and
production
low
(had to spend
many days
repairing
caste or
working on
lord’s land)
Serf life was
difficult:
agricultural
technology
low and
production
low
(had to spend
many days
repairing
caste or
working on
lord’s land)
Not slaves
(couldn’t be
bought and
sold) owned
land as long as
obligations
met
Not slaves
(couldn’t be
bought and
sold) owned
land as long as
obligations
metThree-Field System =
crop rotation leaving
less land unused
Though limited, some new
technology did help
9. The Church
After the fall of Rome, the
church was the only strong
form of organization
(governments weak)
Pope sponsored missions
(converted England,
Germany, parts of eastern
Europe) to Christianity
11. The Role of Monasteries
Many monasteries built
during the Middle Ages,
and they played a big role
in medieval society
Many monasteries built
during the Middle Ages,
and they played a big role
in medieval society
Monasteries showed the
spiritual focus of medieval
society and promoted
education and literacy
Monasteries showed the
spiritual focus of medieval
society and promoted
education and literacy
12. Charles “The Hammer” Martel
Ruler of the Franks (he was from
the Carolingian family)
Ruler of the Franks (he was from
the Carolingian family)
Defeated Muslims at Battle of
Tours (732) stopping Muslim
advance into western Europe
Defeated Muslims at Battle of
Tours (732) stopping Muslim
advance into western Europe
13. Charlemagne
Later Carolingian ruler
who established empire
in France and Germany
around 800, called Holy
Roman Empire
Looked like glory of
Rome would be revived,
but never occurred
14.
15. Charlemagne
Western Europe became
series of regional
monarchies with weak
kings (aristocracy
powerful)
After Charlemagne’s
death in 814, empire
split into 3 sections
(France, Germany, Low
Countries) so each of his
sons could have one
Most powerful of these
regional monarchies in
Germany and northern
Italy
16. Europe Divided
Culturally western
Europe was united
through Catholicism,
but politically it was very
divided
No single language in
western Europe (Latin
was language of church,
but spoken language was
French, English, etc)
17. Things Turn Around Year 900
Agricultural Innovations
such as the
moldboard plow, three-
field system, horse
collar, and stirrups
Viking raids began
stopping in the 900s
This led to population
growth, which led to
economic innovation
and the growth of cities
and towns
Agricultural Innovations
such as the
moldboard plow, three-
field system, horse
collar, and stirrups
Viking raids began
stopping in the 900s
This led to population
growth, which led to
economic innovation
and the growth of cities
and towns
18. Economic Growth
More people meant more
markets, trade grew
Harsh serfdom still
existed, but serfs
gaining more
freedom
Feudal system weakened as towns grew
(demand for peasant labor increased and
landlords needed to entice them by giving
them more freedom (now charged rent)
A commercial,
market-based
economy began to
exist in western
Europe
19. Growth of Towns and Cities
Towns and cities grew
rapidly especially in Italy
Asia still had more in cities
than western Europe, but
they were growing in
western Europe
Literacy spread in urban
centers, as did use of
vernacular (spoken)
languages, like French and
English
Merchant activity and craft
production grew
20. Universities Grow Church based
schools formed in
800s
By 1000s, first
universities
created – they
trained middle
class in the cities
in theology,
medicine, and law
By 1100s, modern
universities
emerge
throughout
western Europe
(such as Oxford
and Cambridge in
England)
21. Getting Back to the Feudal System
Began by 500s
Originally very local (lords had 5-10
vassals) but could span over large
areas or kingdoms (such as
Charlemagne’s Holy Roman Empire)
Feudalism hurt development of
strong monarchies (feudal lords had
power) but it reduced local warfare
Kings used feudalism to build power
(France started as feudal lords near
Paris who gradually expanded and
built monarchy)
22. William the Conqueror
Set up a central monarchy
with a bureaucracy to help
rule
Set up a central monarchy
with a bureaucracy to help
rule
Led the Norman (from
Normandy, France)
invasion of England in
1066, extending feudal
system to England
Led the Norman (from
Normandy, France)
invasion of England in
1066, extending feudal
system to England
23. Feudal Monarchies
Growth of feudal
monarchies similar to
China – both extensive
bureaucracies
To extend power, feudal
monarchies hired
professional armies, and
hired businessmen to run
bureaucracies
24. Limited Government
Strong monarchies
didn’t develop across
Europe, as regional
states and feudal lords
still had much power
Ex: Magna Carta and
King John (1215) –
forced to give up power
(couldn’t add new taxes
w/out parliament’s ok
Parliament = legislative
body representing 3
privileged estates
(church, nobles, urban
leaders) not commoners
25. Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453)Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453)
War fought between
France and England
War fought between
France and England
Led to decline of feudal
system (monarchs) saw that
feudal militaries (which did
most of fighting) weren’t
too effective, and a paid
was army better
Led to decline of feudal
system (monarchs) saw that
feudal militaries (which did
most of fighting) weren’t
too effective, and a paid
was army better
Since noble’s military power
no longer needed, feudal
system began fading away
Since noble’s military power
no longer needed, feudal
system began fading away
27. The CrusadesThe Crusades
The Crusades were
the biggest
expansionist
movement
The Crusades were
the biggest
expansionist
movement
Urban II – Pope
who ordered 1st
Crusade
Urban II – Pope
who ordered 1st
Crusade
Lasting impact of
Crusades was West
being exposed to
Middle Eastern
culture
Lasting impact of
Crusades was West
being exposed to
Middle Eastern
culture
28. Religious Reform
Church officials often
caught up in politics,
hurting church
Investiture – practice of
government appointing
bishops, Gregory VII fought
Holy Roman Emperor Henry
IV on this issue and won
Reform movements
began to remove this
secularism from the
church and rid church
of interference of
feudal lords
Began Western idea
of separation of
church and state
Gregory VII – Pope
(1073-1085) reformed
church
29. Height of Medieval CivilizationHeight of Medieval Civilization
Medieval Western
civilization reached its
peak in the 1100s and
the 1200s
Merchant activity was
growing and the feudal
system was slowly
dying out
