Rise of Nation States in Medieval Europe

1. The Rise of NationThe Rise of Nation
StatesStates
In EuropeIn Europe

2. • In the Late Medieval Period,In the Late Medieval Period,
European monarchiesEuropean monarchies
consolidated powerconsolidated power andand
began forming nation-states.began forming nation-states.
•
Nation-state = politicalNation-state = political
organization that has its ownorganization that has its own
independentindependent governmentgovernment

3. Nation-state vs. City-stateNation-state vs. City-state

SameSame IndependentIndependent
political entities.political entities.

DifferentDifferent Nation-StatesNation-States
control a muchcontrol a much largerlarger
territory.territory.
What is a Nation-StatesWhat is a Nation-States

4. Nation-StateNation-State
Bonds that create a nation-state
Nationality
Language
Culture
History
Religion
Territory
Nation-State
Defends the nation’s territory
Represents nation to rest of world
Embodies people and its ideals

5. Nation-StatesNation-States
• European kings, intent onEuropean kings, intent on
building a nation-state,building a nation-state,
expanded their territoriesexpanded their territories
and consolidated theirand consolidated their
power.power.

6. EnglandEngland

7. EnglandEngland
•William the ConquerorWilliam the Conqueror
•
Not accepted by Anglo-Not accepted by Anglo-
Saxons, WilliamSaxons, William
defeateddefeated Harold ofHarold of
Wessex’sWessex’s army at thearmy at the
Battle of HastingsBattle of Hastings toto
take crowntake crown
•
Crowned King William ICrowned King William I
of England in 1066of England in 1066

8. EnglandEngland
• William the ConquerorWilliam the Conqueror
•
Leader of theLeader of the Norman ConquestNorman Conquest
(from what becomes France)(from what becomes France)
•
UnitedUnited most of Englandmost of England
•
William kept records of the typesWilliam kept records of the types
and value of property in booksand value of property in books
called thecalled the Doomsday BooksDoomsday Books

9. England
about 878
http://www.youtube.com/watch
?
v=aTIon_U9jik&list=PLF78AE
A66545C9BCE&index=7

10. England
after the
Norman
Conquest

11. EnglandEngland
Common lawCommon law
(law made by(law made by
court decisions)court decisions)
has itshas its
beginningsbeginnings
during the reignduring the reign
of Henry IIof Henry II

12. EnglandEngland
King JohnKing John

Considered one ofConsidered one of
thethe worst kingsworst kings inin
English historyEnglish history

Signed theSigned the MagnaMagna
CartaCarta
Limited the powerLimited the power
of the kingof the king
Certain liberties toCertain liberties to
freedmanfreedman

14. Evolution of ParliamentEvolution of Parliament
1066 – William of Normandy began the1066 – William of Normandy began the FeudalFeudal
systemsystem and asked advice from his tenants-in-and asked advice from his tenants-in-
chief before making decisions.chief before making decisions.
1215 – Tenants-in-chief made King John sign1215 – Tenants-in-chief made King John sign
the Magna Carta limiting the power of thethe Magna Carta limiting the power of the
monarchmonarch
Gradually hisGradually his royal councilroyal council developed into thedeveloped into the
parliament.parliament.

Parliament was divided intoParliament was divided into 22 houseshouses
House ofHouse of LordsLords & House of& House of CommonsCommons

Parliament has worked over time to limit the power ofParliament has worked over time to limit the power of
the monarchy and Parliament power increases.the monarchy and Parliament power increases.

15. EnglandEngland
TheThe HundredHundred
Years’ WarYears’ War
betweenbetween
England andEngland and
France definedFrance defined
England as aEngland as a
nationnation

16. FranceFrance

17. FranceFrance
Hugh CapetHugh Capet
established theestablished the
French throne inFrench throne in
Paris and hisParis and his
dynastydynasty graduallygradually
expanded theirexpanded their
control over the restcontrol over the rest
of Franceof France

18. France about 893France about 893

19. FranceFrance
Joan of ArcJoan of Arc

Helped toHelped to unifyunify
FranceFrance

Led many armiesLed many armies
to victory duringto victory during
the Hundred Yearsthe Hundred Years
War.War.

Burned at theBurned at the
stakestake as a Heretic.as a Heretic.

20. FranceFrance
The Hundred Year’s WarThe Hundred Year’s War
betweenbetween England andEngland and
FranceFrance helped definehelped define
France as a nation.France as a nation.

21. Hundred Years’ WarHundred Years’ War
CausesCauses
1.1.Long term conflict betweenLong term conflict between
England and France,England and France,
mostly overmostly over English controlEnglish control
of landsof lands claimed by Franceclaimed by France

22. Hundred Years’ WarHundred Years’ War
CausesCauses
2.2.The desire by French kingsThe desire by French kings
toto expand their powerexpand their power

23. Hundred Years’ WarHundred Years’ War
CausesCauses
3.3.Edward IIIEdward III of Englandof England
claimed to be the King ofclaimed to be the King of
France in 1337.France in 1337.

24. Hundred Years’ WarHundred Years’ War
CausesCauses
4.4.Rivalry over tradeRivalry over trade ––
economic rivalry.economic rivalry.

25. Hundred Years’ WarHundred Years’ War
CausesCauses
5.5.Each nation had a growingEach nation had a growing
sense of themselves assense of themselves as
unique from one another.unique from one another.
GrowingGrowing patriotism orpatriotism or
national pridenational pride..

26. Hundred Years’ WarHundred Years’ War
EffectsEffects
1.1.French kings doFrench kings do expandexpand
their powertheir power

27. Hundred Years’ WarHundred Years’ War
EffectsEffects
2.2.English kings lost powerEnglish kings lost power
(mostly over the kingdoms’(mostly over the kingdoms’
finances - power of thefinances - power of the
purse)purse) to Parliamentto Parliament

28. Hundred Years’ WarHundred Years’ War
EffectsEffects
3.3.English lost their holdEnglish lost their hold overover
those disputed Frenchthose disputed French
landslands

29. Hundred Years’ WarHundred Years’ War
EffectsEffects
4.4.New military technology isNew military technology is
developed –developed – England –England –
Longbow; France - cannonLongbow; France - cannon

30. Hundred Years’ WarHundred Years’ War
EffectsEffects
5.5.With the rise of gunpowderWith the rise of gunpowder
weaponry,weaponry, castles andcastles and
knights are obsoleteknights are obsolete..

31. RussiaRussia

32. Mongol conquestMongol conquest
 Golden Horde, led byGolden Horde, led by
Ghengis Khan, conqueredGhengis Khan, conquered
early Russia.early Russia.
 Massive destructionMassive destruction
occurred; towns wereoccurred; towns were
destroyed and people weredestroyed and people were
killed. (Kiev destroyed!)killed. (Kiev destroyed!)
 Russia was in state ofRussia was in state of
decline and cut off fromdecline and cut off from
Western Europe underWestern Europe under
Mongol rule.Mongol rule.
RussiaRussia

33. Mongol conquestMongol conquest
 Moscow grew in importance after Kiev’s destruction.Moscow grew in importance after Kiev’s destruction.
 Church grew more powerful because the MongolsChurch grew more powerful because the Mongols
tolerated the Eastern Orthodox Church.tolerated the Eastern Orthodox Church.
 Trade routes between China and Eastern EuropeTrade routes between China and Eastern Europe
opened up.opened up.
RussiaRussia

34. Emergence of RussiaEmergence of Russia

Princes gained more power under MongolPrinces gained more power under Mongol
rule and adapted the Mongol leadershiprule and adapted the Mongol leadership
model of absolute rule.model of absolute rule.
RussiaRussia

35. RussiaRussia
Ivan the GreatIvan the Great
drove thedrove the
Mongols outMongols out ofof
Russia,Russia,
centralized powercentralized power
in Moscow andin Moscow and
expanded (united)expanded (united)
the Russianthe Russian
nation.nation.

36. RussiaRussia
•Ivan the Great tookIvan the Great took
the title czar (Caesar),the title czar (Caesar),
and vowed to carry onand vowed to carry on
the traditions of Romethe traditions of Rome
and Constantinople.and Constantinople.

37. RussiaRussia
Moscow became theMoscow became the
capital of Russiacapital of Russia
As the traditions ofAs the traditions of
Rome andRome and
Constantinople areConstantinople are
carried on, Moscow incarried on, Moscow in
Russia became knownRussia became known
as the “Third Rome.”as the “Third Rome.”

38. RussiaRussia
•The religion ofThe religion of
the Russians wasthe Russians was
of course,of course, thethe
Eastern OrthodoxEastern Orthodox
ChurchChurch, which, which
helped tohelped to unifyunify
the nationthe nation

39. SOL Review QuestionSOL Review Question
What civilization
have we studied
that most
influenced art and
architecture, (like
this church - St.
Basil’s) in
Russia?

40. SpainSpain

41. SpainSpain
Ferdinand and Isabella unifiedFerdinand and Isabella unified
the country andthe country and expelled all theexpelled all the
Jews and Muslim MoorsJews and Muslim Moors inin
1492.1492.

42. SpainSpain
Spanish empireSpanish empire
expanded intoexpanded into
the Westernthe Western
HemisphereHemisphere (the(the
Americas)Americas)
especially underespecially under
Charles V.Charles V.