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African Kingdoms
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- 13. Nile River Mediterranean Sea Red Sea Black Sea Caspian Sea Persian Gulf Indian Ocean Atlantic Ocean NigerRiver Limpopo River Zambezi River
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- 26. African Civilizations • Africancivilizations developed in sub-Saharan west and east Africa. • Trade brought important economic, cultural, and religious influences to African civilizations from other parts of the Eastern Hemisphere • Animism may be the earliest form of religious or spiritual views and a significant belief in sub- Saharan Africa. – It is generally characterized by a belief that inanimate objects are inhabited by a soul, consciousness or magical powers.
- 28. • Egypt isNOT a sub-Saharan Kingdom • Sub-Saharan: Kush, Askum, Zimbabwe, Ghana, Mali & Songhai
- 29. East African Kingdoms Statesand empires flourished during the medieval period in East Africa • Kush (Nubia) • Axum • Zimbabwe
- 30. Kingdom of Kush(Nubia) • 800’s BCE to 300’s CE • Located in East Africa – Nubia was located on the upper (southern) Nile River – Capital was Meroe • Meroe was rich in iron ore – Earliest center for ironworking in Africa – Good soil made agriculture possible – Metal tools and weapons (Bronze and Iron) • Also a good location for trade. – Traded with Egypt
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- 32. Kingdom of Axum(Askum) • Replaced Kush as the major trading civilization in East Africa. 300 CE – Traded along the Red Sea with Egypt & others • Accepted Christianity after missionaries from Constantinople arrived in 324 CE – 50 years before Rome adopted Christianity • Declined around 800 CE
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- 36. The Kingdom ofZimbabwe • 1300 CE Kingdom of Great Zimbabwe became powerful in Southern Africa – City of “Great Zimbabwe” as capital of a prosperous empire • Cattle farmers, iron workers, weavers, merchants – Traded gold and ivory • 1450 CE the city was abandoned – Due to overuse of the land
- 37. Location relative to theZambezi and Limpopo rivers and the Indian Ocean coast
- 38. Trans-Sahara Kingdoms • Statesand empires flourished during the medieval period in West Africa – Ghana – Mali – Songhai • The Niger River is common to all of these empires
- 39. The Kingdom ofGhana • 300’s CE to 1200’s CE • West African kingdom – Main city was Kumbi Saleh • Used iron tools to farm and clear land • Located near gold fields and salt mines – Main trading kingdom gold and salt • Lost power around the 1000’s CE
- 41. Kingdom of Mali •1200 CE - Took over where Ghana left off • Mansa Musa brought Islam to Mali and built mosques. – Established Timbuktu as the capital city of Mali • Center of major trade routes – Gold and Salt • Lost power around 1500CE
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- 45. Kingdom of Songhai(Songhay) • Continued to use Timbuktu as the center of trade and learning in their new kingdom • Continued practicing Islam • Continued the tradition of trading gold and salt • Began losing power in 1500’s CE