26. African Civilizations
• African civilizations developed in sub-Saharan
west and east Africa.
• Trade brought important economic, cultural, and
religious influences to African civilizations from
other parts of the Eastern Hemisphere
• Animism may be the earliest form of religious or
spiritual views and a significant belief in sub-
Saharan Africa.
– It is generally characterized by a belief that inanimate
objects are inhabited by a soul, consciousness or
magical powers.
27.
28. • Egypt is NOT a sub-Saharan Kingdom
• Sub-Saharan: Kush, Askum, Zimbabwe, Ghana, Mali & Songhai
29. East African Kingdoms
States and empires
flourished during the
medieval period in
East Africa
• Kush (Nubia)
• Axum
• Zimbabwe
30. Kingdom of Kush (Nubia)
• 800’s BCE to 300’s CE
• Located in East Africa
– Nubia was located on the upper (southern) Nile River
– Capital was Meroe
• Meroe was rich in iron ore
– Earliest center for ironworking in Africa
– Good soil made agriculture possible
– Metal tools and weapons (Bronze and Iron)
• Also a good location for trade.
– Traded with Egypt
32. Kingdom of Axum (Askum)
• Replaced Kush as the major trading
civilization in East Africa. 300 CE
– Traded along the Red Sea with Egypt &
others
• Accepted Christianity after missionaries
from Constantinople arrived in 324 CE
– 50 years before Rome adopted Christianity
• Declined around 800 CE
36. The Kingdom of Zimbabwe
• 1300 CE Kingdom of Great Zimbabwe became
powerful in Southern Africa
– City of “Great Zimbabwe” as capital of a prosperous
empire
• Cattle farmers, iron workers, weavers,
merchants
– Traded gold and ivory
• 1450 CE the city was abandoned
– Due to overuse of the land
38. Trans-Sahara Kingdoms
• States and empires
flourished during the
medieval period in
West Africa
– Ghana
– Mali
– Songhai
• The Niger River is
common to all of
these empires
39. The Kingdom of Ghana
• 300’s CE to 1200’s CE
• West African kingdom
– Main city was Kumbi Saleh
• Used iron tools to farm and clear land
• Located near gold fields and salt mines
– Main trading kingdom gold and salt
• Lost power around the 1000’s CE
40.
41. Kingdom of Mali
• 1200 CE - Took over where Ghana left off
• Mansa Musa brought Islam to
Mali and built mosques.
– Established Timbuktu as the
capital city of Mali
• Center of major trade routes
– Gold and Salt
• Lost power around 1500CE
45. Kingdom of Songhai (Songhay)
• Continued to use
Timbuktu as the center
of trade and learning in
their new kingdom
• Continued practicing
Islam
• Continued the tradition
of trading gold and salt
• Began losing power in
1500’s CE