8. Hard work was a major part of monastic life. Monks were required to help support the community by helping in the garden or learning some trade such as beer making, bee keeping or learning medicine.
9. One important similarity between manors and monasteries is that both institutions were basically self-sufficient.
10. The leader of the monastery was called an abbot – derived from the Aramaic “abba” which means father. In this illustration the abbot (holding his staff) is leading the monks in a religious service.
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14. A handwritten Bible with illuminations from a medieval monastery Handwritten document from a monastic library.
15. Illuminated Bibles The classic Bible illuminated manuscript took several monks two years or more to produce.
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19. Convent life gave women a chance to play an important role in the religious life of the community. Here we see two nuns praying at a mass for the dead.
20. Choosing Mary over Eve Convent life offered women a chance to practice their religion in a professional manner - just like the men. If one lived an exceptional life there was the chance of eventually becoming a saint. This would bring a woman eternal respect and adoration – something she did not have in public life where she would have been viewed with contempt and suspicion. Spiritual Tree of Women Saints
21. Convent Life 2 AM – Mass 6 AM – Rise again for Mass 7 AM – Break fast and work, study and attend vespers. 7 PM – Bed time ( 8PM in the summer) The leader of a convent was called a abbess. Notice in this illustration that the abbess is holding a shepherd's staff like an abbot.
22. The vast majority of witches were condemned by secular courts with local courts especially noted for their persecutory zeal. The standard procedure in most countries was for accused witches to be brought before investigating tribunals and interrogated. In some parts of Europe, torture was rarely used; but where the witch-hunts were most intensive, it was a standard feature of the interrogations. Obviously, a large majority of accused who "confessed" to witchcraft did so as a result of the brutal tortures to which they were exposed. About half of all convicted witches were given sentences short of execution. The unluckier half were generally killed in public, often en masse , by hanging or burning. The witch-hunts waxed and waned for nearly three centuries, with great variations in time and space. The rate of witch hunting varied dramatically throughout Europe, ranging from a high of 26,000 deaths in Germany to a low of 4 in Ireland. Witch Hunts
30. Gothic churches could have large, pointed windows like their related arches because the walls of the church were thinner.
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35. If it looks old it must be important! Princeton University Chapel built in the 20 th century looks like it came from the 12 th century.
36. Consider : Why did the architect want the cathedral to be the dominate building in the town?
37. Medieval Art Weeping on Christ dead 1303-1305 Painting during the Gothic period was practiced in 4 primary crafts: frescos, panel paintings, manuscript illumination and stained glass.
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