Ancient Egypt
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Ancient Egypt developed along the fertile banks of the Nile River valley between 3200-600 BC. The yearly flooding of the Nile deposited rich silt that fertilized the soil and allowed the Egyptians to develop a strong agricultural economy. Egyptian society was highly stratified, with pharaohs at the top considered god-kings. The Egyptians built massive pyramids and temples and developed hieroglyphic writing and calendar systems. After a period of decline, a Middle Kingdom arose that strengthened trade and expanded irrigation systems before Egypt was conquered by Hyksos invaders around 1640 BC.
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1. The Egyptian civilizations developed near the Nile River valley. The river valleys were ideal for farming due to fertile soil and a reliable source of freshwater from the river.
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Pp.honors.egyptian civ.ch.1
The document summarizes key aspects of ancient Egyptian geography, history, society, and culture. It describes Egypt's geographical divisions of Upper and Lower Egypt, the importance of the annual flooding of the Nile River for agriculture, and the three-period division of ancient Egyptian history spanning 3,000 years and 31 dynasties. It also briefly outlines the hierarchical Egyptian social structure with pharaohs and priests at the top and most as peasant farmers or slaves, and the roles of scribes, women, and doctors in Egyptian civilization.
Classical Greece
The document provides an overview of ancient Greece from the Minoans and Mycenaeans to the rise of Alexander the Great. It discusses key periods and events, including the development of Greek city-states and governments, the Persian Wars between Greece and Persia in the 5th century BC, and the influence of geography on Greek trade and colonization. Major city-states like Athens and Sparta are compared in terms of their governments, societies, and roles in conflicts like the Persian Wars. The document also introduces Greek mythology and its lasting impacts.
egypt_civilization.pptx
The document provides an introduction to the ancient Egyptian civilization that thrived along the Nile River for over 3,000 years. It describes the geography of Egypt and importance of the Nile River, which formed the basis for the civilization. Key aspects of ancient Egyptian civilization discussed include religion and beliefs, mummification practices, architecture such as temples and pyramids, and hieroglyphic writing. The timeline outlines the major periods of ancient Egyptian history from unification to the end of the New Kingdom.
Egypt homework
The Nile River was vital to ancient Egyptian civilization. It provided water for irrigation, transportation, and drinking. Egyptians developed successful farming along the Nile using irrigation techniques and the rich soil left behind after annual floods. They grew crops like wheat and barley. Egypt was unified under King Narmer around 3100 BC and was then ruled by dynasties of pharaohs for almost 3000 years. Pharaohs led Egypt as both political and religious leaders. Egyptians built large pyramids to serve as tombs for pharaohs and protect their bodies for the afterlife.
Ancient Egypt PPT Evans.pdf
Ancient Egypt developed along the Nile River around 5000 BC. The Nile provided fertile soil and was important for transportation, irrigation for crops, and drinking water. The annual flooding of the Nile deposited rich silt that made the surrounding soil fertile. Egyptian society was highly stratified, with pharaohs at the top ruling as divine kings. When pharaohs died, they were mummified and buried in elaborate tombs along with treasures for the afterlife. Hieroglyphic writing and architecture such as the pyramids are among Egypt's most prominent contributions to civilization.
Images of Ancient Egypt
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Unit 7 lessons 1 4 homework
The document provides background information on early Greek civilization. It discusses the physical geography of Greece and how it influenced ancient Greek culture. It describes several early civilizations that developed in Greece, including the Minoans on Crete and the Mycenaeans on the Greek mainland. It explains how these civilizations influenced each other and how the Dorian invasion helped spread Greek culture to new areas through colonization. The document also summarizes the rise of Greek city-states and the different forms of government that emerged, focusing on the military-oriented society of Sparta and the development of democracy in Athens.
Lesson 3 powerpoint notes
1. The Kingdoms of Nubia thrived due to gold mines and trade networks, while the Middle Kingdom ruled Egypt from 1700-2100 BC.
2. The Hyksos people from Asia settled in the delta region in 1650 BC and conquered Lower Egypt using horses, chariots, and bronze weapons. In 1550 BC, Pharaoh Ahmose defeated the Hyksos, beginning the New Kingdom period.
3. During the New Kingdom, Egypt expanded its empire through military conquests and established trade networks by ship throughout Africa and the Mediterranean. Important items traded included gold, ivory, and spices.
First civilizations of africa and asia
This document provides a summary of Chapter 2 from a World History textbook. It covers the early civilizations that emerged in Africa and Asia between 3200 BC and 500 BC. The chapter is divided into 5 sections that discuss the ancient kingdoms of the Nile River Valley, Egyptian civilization, the city-states of ancient Sumer, the rise of empires in Mesopotamia through invaders and trade, and the roots of Judaism. Key topics covered include the importance of geography in influencing civilizations, religious beliefs and social structures in Egypt and Sumer, technological and cultural advances made, and the spread of ideas through conquest and migration.
Pyramids on the nile
The document provides information about early river valley civilizations, focusing on ancient Egypt. It describes how Egyptians settled along the fertile banks of the Nile River around 3500 BC, developing a unified kingdom that lasted over 3000 years. Key aspects of Egyptian civilization included their reliance on the Nile for agriculture and transportation, their division into Upper and Lower Egypt, and their practice of mummification and belief in an afterlife.
Unit egypt
Ancient Egypt was located in the fertile valley of the Nile River in Northeast Africa. The Nile provided water for irrigation and transportation, enabling the rise of the Egyptian civilization. Egyptian society was highly stratified, with pharaohs and nobles at the top. Farming and trade supported the population, and complex irrigation systems were developed. The Egyptian religion was polytheistic, with many gods represented with animal heads. After death, people faced judgment by Osiris to determine if they could reach the afterlife.
Unit egypt
Egypt is located in Northeast Africa, bordered to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. The ancient Egyptian civilization flourished along the banks of the Nile River from around 3100 BC to 30 BC. The Nile provided fertile land for agriculture and its regular flooding allowed for reliable crop yields. Egyptian society was highly stratified, with pharaohs and nobles at the top. Farmers, craftsmen, priests, and scribes made up the various social classes. The ancient Egyptians had a polytheistic religion centered around major gods like Osiris, Isis, Horus, Ra, and Anubis. After periods of stability and growth, Egypt was eventually conquered and became part of the Roman Empire in 30 BC
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The document provides information on three ancient civilizations of the Americas: the Maya, Inca, and Aztec. It describes the location, dates, government structures, economies, religious practices, and achievements of each civilization. It also highlights some of their most important sites, including Chichen Itza for the Maya, Machu Picchu and Cuzco for the Inca, and Tenochtitlan for the Aztec. Each civilization had a polytheistic religion and built pyramid structures. The Maya made advances in mathematics, calendars, and writing. The Inca developed an extensive road network and record keeping system using knots. The Aztec ruled a large empire and demanded tribute from conquered peoples.
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The document summarizes the origins and spread of Islam. It describes how Muhammad received revelations from Gabriel in Mecca and spread the monotheistic teachings of Islam. He was forced to flee to Medina where his following grew and he eventually conquered Mecca, destroying the pagan idols. The five pillars of Islam are outlined as well as key beliefs. The caliphs helped spread Islam through conquest from the Arabian Peninsula to North Africa and the Middle East. The document also discusses the Sunni-Shi'a split and cultural/scientific contributions of early Islamic civilizations.
Renaissance Notes
The document summarizes how the Crusades helped spark the Italian Renaissance by stimulating trade between Europe and the Middle East. This increased contact and exchange of goods and ideas. Wealth accumulated from trade led to the rise of powerful city-states like Florence, Venice, and Genoa. The Renaissance saw revolutions in art and literature as artists like Michelangelo and writers like Shakespeare embraced humanism and drew inspiration from classical antiquity. The printing press helped spread new Renaissance ideas across Europe.
Renaissance Art
This document provides an overview of art and patronage during the Italian Renaissance. Wealthy Italian families, such as the Medicis, and the Catholic Church were major patrons who sponsored works from many famous artists. Key developments included increased realism and use of perspective in works by Masaccio and Leonardo da Vinci. Michelangelo and Raphael also produced famous sculptures and frescoes during this period. Major artworks demonstrated the values of humanism and classicism that were prominent during the Renaissance.
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The Crusades were military expeditions carried out by Christian leaders between 1050-1450 to take control of the Holy Land from Muslims. There were five key Crusade events: 1) Pope Urban II's speech urging Christians to retake Jerusalem in 1095; 2) the capture of Jerusalem in 1099 but with slaughter of Muslims, Jews, and Christians; 3) the founding of Crusader states like the Kingdom of Jerusalem; 4) the loss of Jerusalem to Saladin in 1187; and 5) the sacking of Constantinople by Western Crusaders in 1204. The Crusades weakened the Pope but strengthened monarchs, stimulated trade, left bitterness among religions, and weakened the Byzantine Empire.
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In the Late Medieval Period, European monarchies began consolidating power and forming independent nation-states that controlled large territories, unlike city-states. Nation-states such as England, France, and Spain expanded their territories and centralized royal power through conquest and internal reforms. This led to the emergence of strong centralized governments and a sense of national identity defined by shared culture, language, and history in these European powers.
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The Roman Catholic Church grew in importance and became the central unifying institution in Western Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire. The Church spread Christianity through missionary work, brought Roman culture to Germanic tribes, and served important social, political, and religious roles for people during the Middle Ages. Church scholars in monasteries preserved classical literature and laid the foundations for later universities in Europe.
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The Early Middle Ages saw the decline of the Western Roman Empire and rise of feudal systems of government. Germanic tribes invaded Western Europe beginning in the 400s CE, disrupting trade and weakening centralized rule. With no strong central governments, people entered into agreements with local lords to receive protection in exchange for farming lands and other services. This led to a stratified society consisting of nobles, clergy, and peasants. Peasants lived difficult lives toiling on manorial estates under this new feudal system.
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Byzantine civilization influenced Russia and Eastern Europe through religion, culture, and trade. The adoption of the Orthodox Church and the Greek alphabet, which became the Cyrillic alphabet, had significant impacts. Prince Vladimir adopted Orthodox Christianity in Russia, which then spread to much of Eastern Europe. Byzantine architecture and art also influenced the region through iconic buildings like St. Sophia in Kiev and St. Basil's in Moscow.
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The document summarizes the history and achievements of the Byzantine Empire. It discusses how Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople for strategic reasons. Under Justinian, the Byzantine Empire reached its height, reconquering former Roman lands. Justinian also oversaw the codification of Roman law. The Byzantine Empire helped preserve Greco-Roman knowledge and made important contributions to religion, art, architecture, and law before declining due to invasions and eventually falling to the Ottoman Turks in 1453.
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The Byzantine Empire preserved classical knowledge from Greece and Rome that was lost in Western Europe. Constantine moved the Roman capital to Byzantium, renaming it Constantinople for its strategic advantages. Justinian expanded the Byzantine Empire through military campaigns, doubling its size. He also had Roman law codified and oversaw construction projects like Hagia Sophia that combined Christian and imperial influences. The Byzantine Empire played a key role in preserving Greco-Roman culture and influencing architecture, art, and law in Europe.
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The document provides background on the legendary beginnings of Rome and the geography of Italy. It describes how Romulus and Remus founded Rome in 753 BCE after being saved by a she-wolf as infants. The city was named Rome after Romulus killed his brother Remus during a dispute. The Etruscan kings who ruled Rome made contributions like constructing the city walls, Forum, and Cloaca Maxima sewage system. The last Etruscan king was overthrown in 509 BCE, marking the beginning of the Roman Republic. The Republic had elements of democracy and representative government, but excluded women, slaves and others from full participation.
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Ancient Egypt
- 1. Ancient Egypt The Nile River Valley 3200 – 600 B.C.
- 2. Geography
- 3. Geography Egypt began on the banks of the ____ River. The Nile flows 4160 miles _______ to the __________ Sea. It is the________ river in the world. When the Nile floods, it deposits rich ______ that fertilizes the soil. Unlike the Tigris and Euphrates, the Nile floods in ________________. Along the Nile, there are a series of ________ called ____________. Ancient Egypt was the region north of the ___________________ up to and including the ________________. Nile north Mediterranean longest silt regular cyclesrapids cataracts First Cataract Nile Delta
- 4. Geography Ancient Egypt was first divided into two geographical regions: ________ Egypt in the _________ near the ________________ Sea and ________ Egypt ________ of the ________ and southward to the _________ Lower north Mediterranean Upper south Delta First Cataract First Cataract
- 5. Old Kingdom Egypt Around___________, the legendary king _______ united his kingdom in ______________ with Lower Egypt in the Delta. He established the new capital at __________ which was near the midpoint of the two regions. The Kings that followed Menes established _____________ or families of rulers. Eventually they would use the title of ___________ which means _____________ The Pharaohs were considered to be __________ and were worshiped. This created a ___________ form of government in which religion and state were united. 3100 B.C. Menes Upper Egypt Memphis dynasties pharaoh “great house.” god-kings theocratic
- 6. The Pharaohs believed that they could rule in the _______ through their eternal spirit called the ___ To house the ka and the ______________ which the ka still needed, the Egyptians built __________ which were _______ The Great Pyramids at _____ were the largest of the pyramids. _________ pyramid was the largest; it was ______ feet tall and _____ feet square. All of the pyramids at _______ Were built during the _______ Kingdom. afterlife ka. pharaoh’s body pyramids tombs. Giza Khufu’s 481 756 Giza Old
- 7. Khafre’s Pyramid at Giza
- 8. The Sphinx
- 9. Egyptian Culture The Egyptians had a __________ religion. The following gods were their main gods: _____ was the _____ god. _______ was the ___________________. ________ was the god of ________, and _________ was god of the _______________. polytheistic Ra sun Isis mother goddess Horus light Osiris underworld
- 10. Ra – the sun god
- 11. Isis – goddess
- 12. Horus – the god of light
- 13. Osiris- god of the dead
- 15. Mummification Book of the Dead
- 16. The Egyptians believed that the Pharaoh needed his body in the afterlife, so they invented the process of _________________- embalming and drying the corpse to prevent _______. Rituals were conducted for the afterlife. Religious rites and rituals have been recorded in the __________________. Few copies of this book exist since it was written on__________, a type of river plant used as paper. mummification decay Book of the Dead papyrus
- 17. Social Classes Egypt had a ____________ social structure. • Highest: __________________ • Upper: ________________________ ________________________ • Middle: ________________________ • Lower: ________________________ pyramidal Royal family Governmental officials, priests nobles & military commanders Merchants and artisans Farmers & unskilled workers
- 18. Social Structure • Women in Ancient Egypt had almost the ______ rights as most men. They could ______ property and sue for ________. They could also get ___________ or assistance from their ex-husband. same own divorce alimony
- 19. Trade Ancient Egyptians used the _______ _________. They traded_______, ivory, ________ and ______ to pay for building temples and pyramids. They had a _________________ and traded with the cultures from southern Africa. barter system gold cattle grain strong economy
- 20. Technology Egyptian writing is known as ____________ which means “sacred carvings.” Hieroglyphics are ___________ – pictures that represent words. Hieroglyphics were written on _______ stone and _______ walls as well as on ___________ hieroglyphics pictograms clay, tomb papyrus
- 21. Technology The Egyptians also created the ________ ____________ based on Sirius or the _____ ________ Egyptians also developed __________ and treatments for _______________ and __________. Egyptians made advances in ____________ and ___________ 365-day calendar Dog Star surgery broken bones fevers geometry astronomy
- 22. First Intermediate Period • Pharaohs lose power around 2180 B.C. • Period of cultural decline
- 23. Middle Kingdom After a period of chaos called the First Intermediate Period, __________________gained power and established a period of order called the ______________. The Middle Kingdom pharaohs strengthened _____ and improved ____________ They also improved the __________ system and drained swamps to create more __________ in the Delta. an Egyptian family Middle Kingdom trade transportation irrigation arable land
- 24. The Wheel invades Egypt By 1640, however, a group of warriors who used horse-drawn chariots invaded and conquered Egypt. From 1640 until 1570 BC the Hyksos ruled Egypt. This period of history is called the 2nd Intermediate Period.