The Protestant Reformation began as a call for reform within the Catholic Church by Christian humanists such as Erasmus, who believed the Church should focus more on living virtuously rather than just following beliefs. Martin Luther further called for reform and questioned Catholic doctrines like the selling of indulgences, leading to his excommunication. This sparked the growth of Protestantism and divisions in Christianity between Catholic and Protestant churches across Europe.

1. The Protestant ReformationChapter 5, Section 3

2. Bell RingerWhat root words do you see?PROTESTANT REFORMATION

3. Bell RingerPROTESTANTREFORMATION

4. What is the Protestant Reformation?The name given to the religious reform movement that divided the western Church into Catholic and Protestant groups.VS.

5. Northern RenaissanceAs the Renaissance moved Northward, so did its idealsChristian Humanism (aka Northern Humanism)Goal - reform the Catholic Church

6. Christian HumanismTo change society, must 1st change humanityHuman beings able to reason & improve selvesReading for selves = more pious (having strong religious feelings)Inner piety reform of church & society

7. Erasmus“the Philosophy of Christ”Christianity should:show people how to live good livesnot just give a set of beliefs to followfocus inwardIn other words…

8. The Church should “walk the walk” not just “talk the talk!”NO!YES!

9. Erasmus’ EggReform NOT BreakIdeas laid foundation“Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched”Luther

10. Reasons for the ReformationCommoners believed that upper levels of church were wealthy & oppressive Smaller autonomous cities/republics wanted to run own affairs in a modern way (church = too feudal & old)Monarchy – rid kingdom of Church taxes, property, and political influence & take them as their own

11. Reasons for the Reformation (cont.)Clerical immorality – violated celibacy & accused of drunkenness, gambling, and other viceClerical ignorance – many barely read or write Clerical absenteeism and pluralism – esp. higher level officials – often absent and held more than one office at a time (often purchased their office)

12. How to Attain SalvationPeople’s spiritual needs - not metMain concern - salvation(“How do I get to Heaven?!”)Church answers:Veneration of relicsObtaining indulgence

13. What is an Indulgence?The release from all or part of the punishment for sin in purgatory (a place between Earth & afterlife where one “serves time” for their sins & is purified. Time spent here is directly proportional to the number & severity of sins committed in one’s life.)

14. Martin LutherMonk & professor of theologyWittenberg, GermanyConflicted by the difference in Catholic teachings/practices vs. what was said in the Bible

15. They Said - He SaidTo Obtain Salvation…They (Church) said: must have faith AND do good worksHe said: faith in God alone will earn one salvation (key teaching known as “justification by faith alone”)Luther’s theory based on Bible - became the sole source of religious truth to Protestants

16. Movie ClipsLuther - “The Steps to Rome”Luther - “The Price of Salvation”

17. Luther’s 95 ThesesOctober 31, 1517Nailed to door of church in Wittenberg 95 Theses - spelled out the abuses of the ChurchPrinting Press - HUGE impact on Reformation - Why?

18. BacklashDid NOT intend to break with Church - just wanted REFORMChurch wants him to recant (take back) his criticisms Luther says…Result -Luther is excommunicated & defrocked (banned from the church & stripped of his position) in 1521Angers not only the Pope, but Charles V - Holy Roman Emperor

19. The Diet of WormsIS NOT a means of obtaining nutritional sustenance from eating nothing but those little squiggly things in your garden…IS a legislative assembly of the Holy Roman Emperor in the German city of Worms (pronounced Vuhrms)

20. Movie ClipLuther - “A Simple Reply”

21. Edict of WormsMade Luther an outlawAll Luther’s works to be burnedLuther to be captured & turned over to Charles V

22. Peasant RevoltsJune, 1524Luther “disappeared” - the worst was rumoredPeasants revolted against nobility & clergy (thought Luther would approve)Imperial army retaliated100,000 peasants dead

23. Happy Ending??German Princes united under Luther (benefit = autonomy from HRE)1555- Peace of Augsburg (treaty)Charles V conceded to formally accept the division of Christianity in GermanyGerman princes could choose the faith of their state (not an individual choice)

24. Major Contributions of Luther & the ReformationTranslation of the Bible into GermanOpened door to religious freedomAbolition of vows of celibacy for Protestant clergyCaused Catholic Church to consider reforms

25. HomeworkRead, “Luther at the Diet of Worms”Answer the questions PLUS add on:4. Compare the scene from the movie clip to what you have read in your HW. Was the movie historically accurate in its portrayal of Luther at the Diet of Worms? Why/why not?

26. Spread of ProtestantismDivision forever ChristianityProtestantismSwitzerlandZwingli of Zürich

27. CalvinismJohn Calvin - founderDoctrine of justification by faith alonePredestination - God had determined in advance those who would be saved and those who would not

28. Calvin’s ReformsYou little$#@&!!GenevaThe Consistory Special courtEnforced moral disciplineOversaw morality Punished deviantsCrimes = singing obscene songs, dancing, swearing, drunkenness, playing cards I LIKE BIG BUTTSAND I CANNOT LIE…

29. Anabaptists“Re-baptizer”A radical adult Christian group that believed:All believers equalAny member could be ministerComplete separation of Church & StatePersecuted by both Catholics & ProtestantsToday - Mennonite & Amish

30. Anti-SemitismJews continued to be persecuted against during the ReformationLuther - expected Jews to convert (called for persecution when they did not)Catholic states - Jews segregated into ghettos

31. Catholic ReformationThe Jesuits Ignatius of Loyola = founderReligious order dedicated to the popeUsed education to spread their messageRestored Catholicism (Europe & World)

32. Catholic ReformationPapal ReformPope Paul III Reform Commission (1537) - determined Church’s problems = corrupt popes/policiesCouncil of Trent

33. Catholic ReformationCouncil of TrentGroup of various levels of clergyUpheld traditional Catholic teachingsFaith & good worksSeven sacramentsTransubstantiation Clerical celibacy PurgatoryIndulgences (used, but NOT for sale)

34. Turn to Page 186 &Read the first 3 columns of the chart