During the Middle Ages in Europe, Christianity developed and spread in the following ways:
The Council of Nicea in 325 AD established the basic tenets of Christianity. Emperor Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople and missionaries spread Christianity throughout Europe. Emperor Justinian constructed churches throughout the Byzantine Empire, showing the close connection between church and state. The Church grew powerful in Medieval Europe and became a central, unifying force as Charlemagne was crowned emperor by the Pope. However, a Great Schism in 1054 AD divided Christianity into Western Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy.
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3. In the Byzantine Empire:
• Emperor Constantine relocated
the capital of the Eastern
Roman Empire to Byzantium
and renamed it Constantinople.
• Missionaries spread
Christianity. For example,
Saints Cyril and Methodius
Christianized Slavs in the north
and developed the Cyrillic
language to promote religion to
the Slavs.
4. In the Byzantine
Empire:
• Emperor Justinian
constructed the Hagia
Sofia and other churches
throughout the empire.
This shows the close
connection that existed
between church and
state!!
5. In Medieval Europe:
• The Church grew in
power during this time,
becoming a centralizing
and unifying force. All
authority was based in
the Church!
• Charlemagne was
crowned emperor by
Pope Leo III... Again,
there was a close
connection between
church and state!
• The Middle Ages seen as
the “Age of Faith.”
6. Influence of the Church
• 1) Provided Christians with
a sense of security and
protection during a time of
frequent wars
• 2) Religious and social
center-- people met there
for religious services,
social gatherings, and
festive celebrations
• 3) Unifying set of spiritual
beliefs and rituals: People
shared beliefs a strong
bond
7. Influence of the Church
• 4) Created a system
of justice, canon law,
to regulate people’s
conduct.
• 5) Social services,
such as caring for the
sick and the poor
• 6) Operated most
hospitals and ran
most libraries in
medieval Europe
8. The Great Schism (East-West Schism)
• “Schism” = split
• The Great Schism,
also called the East-
West Schism,
occurred in 1054 AD
• Resulted in a division
between Eastern
Orthodoxy and
Roman Catholicism
9. The Great Schism
• Roman Catholicism
– Pope has authority over all
other bishops, kings, and
emperors
– Services conducted in Latin
– Priests cannot marry
– Divorce is not permitted
• Eastern Orthodoxy
– Patriarch and other
bishops lead the church as
a collective group
– Services conducted in
Greek or in local languages
– Priests may marry
– Divorce is allowed under
certain circumstances
Christianity
