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Chpt. 17.3- Domains and Kingdoms
- 1. Changing Number ofKingdoms Chapter 17.3- Domains and Kingdoms
- 2. Kingdoms and Domains:Scientists debate how many kingdoms there are. The three-domain system Bacteria Archaea Eukarya The six-kingdom system Bacteria Archaea Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia The traditional five-kingdom system Monera Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia BioEd Online
- 3. Domains There are 3 Domains Bacteria- cells contain cell walls with Peptidoglycan (polymer that has 2 kings of sugar). Archaea- cells contain cell walls without Peptidoglycan. Eukarya- contains Eukaryotic cells. Contains the Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia
- 4. Kingdom Bacteria • Unicellularand prokaryotic
- 5. Kingdom Archaea • Unicellularand Prokaryotic • Live in some of the most extreme environments you can imagine
- 6. Kingdom Protista Eukaryotic organismsthat can be unicellular or multicellular. Has no organs. Ex: plant like protist = algae Ex: animal like protist = protozoans Ex: fungus like protist = molds & mildews
- 7. Kingdom Fungi Unicellular orMulticellular Eukaryotes that absorbs nutrients (heterotrophs). Contains chitin Ex: Mushrooms
- 8. Kingdom Plantae Multicellular Eukaryotesthat are autotrophs. Contains cellulose
- 9. Kingdom Animalia Multicellular Eukaryotesthat are heterotrophs. Has no cell wall.
- 10. DOMAIN Bacteria Archaea Eukarya KINGDOM Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia CELL TYPE Prokaryote Prokaryote Eukaryote Eukaryote Eukaryote Eukaryote Cell walls with Cell walls Cell walls of Cell walls of Cell walls of No cell walls or CELL cellulose in chitin cellulose; chloroplasts peptidoglycan without STRUCTURES some; some chloroplasts peptidoglycan have chloroplasts NUMBER OF Most unicellular; Most Multicellular Multicellular Unicellular Unicellular CELLS some colonial; multicellular; some some multicellular unicellular MODE OF Autotroph or Autotroph or Autotroph or Heterotroph Autotroph Heterotroph NUTRITION heterotroph heterotroph heterotroph Streptococcus, Methanogens, Amoeba, Mushrooms, Mosses, ferns, Sponges, EXAMPLES Escherichia coli halophiles Paramecium, yeasts flowering worms, slime molds, plants insects, fishes, giant kelp mammals
Editor's Notes
- #3 Kingdoms and Domains In the 18 th Century, organisms were considered to belong to one of two kingdoms, Animalia or Plantae. As biologists gathered more information about the diverse forms of life on Earth, it became evident that the two-kingdom system did not accurately reflect relationships among different groups of organisms, and the number of kingdoms increased. In 1969, Robert Whittaker proposed a five-kingdom system consisting of monerans, protists, fungi, plants and animals. In the last few years, comparative studies of nucleotide sequences of genes coding for ribosomal RNA and other proteins have allowed biologists to recognize important distinctions between bacteria and archaebacteria. The graphic on this slide illustrates the phylogenetic relationships drawn from this information using a three-domain and a six-kingdom arrangement, compared to the traditional five kingdom system. References Woese, C. R. & Fox, G. E. (1977). Phylogenetic structure of the prokaryotic domain: the primary kingdoms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 74(11), 5088-90.