Binomial nomenclature is a formal system for naming species using a two-part Latin name, with the first part designating the genus and the second part designating the species within that genus. This system was introduced by Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus in his 1753 work "Species Plantarum," effectively founding the modern scheme of biological classification. Under binomial nomenclature, the genus name is always capitalized while the species name is lower case, unless it is derived from a proper noun.