Socialization is the lifelong process by which individuals learn the norms, values, and behaviors appropriate for their social position through various types of social learning. There are several types of socialization including primary, secondary, anticipatory, re-socialization, organizational, group, gender, racial, planned, natural, positive, and negative socialization. Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development also describes the stages of social and identity development throughout the lifespan.

1. Socialization

2. Socialization refer to the lifelong/
continuing process whereby an individual
acquires a personal identity and learns
the norms, values, behavior, and social
skills appropriate to his or her social
position

4. Types of Socialization

5. 1. Primary Socialization – when a
child learns the attitude, values,
and actions appropriate to
individuals as members of a
particular culture.

7. 2. Secondary Socialization –
process of learning on what is
the appropriate behavior as a
member of a smaller group within
the larger society.

9. 3. Anticipatory Socialization –
process of socialization in which a
person “rehearses” for future
positions, occupations and social
relationship

11. 4. Re-socialization – process of
discarding former behavior
patterns and reflexes, accepting
new ones as part of a transition in
one’s life.

12. 5. Organizational Socialization –
process whereby an employee
learns the knowledge and skills
necessary to assume his or her
organizational role.

13. 6. Group Socialization – individual’s
peer groups rather than parental
figures, influences his or her
personality and behavior in
adulthood.

15. 7. Gender Socialization – learning
of behavior and attitudes
considered appropriate for a given
gender.

17. 8. Racial Socialization – define as “the
developmental processes” by which
children acquire the behaviors,
perceptions, values and attitudes of
an ethnic group, and come to see
themselves and others as members
of the group.

19. 9. Planned Socialization – when
other people take actions
designed to teach or train others.

20. 10. Natural Socialization – when
infants and youngster explore,
play and discover the social world
around them.

21. 11. Positive Socialization – based
on pleasurable and exciting
experiences.

22. 12. Negative Socialization – when others
use punishment, harsh criticisms or
anger to try to “teach us lesson;” and
often we come to dislike both negative
socialization and the people who
impose it on us.

23. Socialization – “LEARN from OTHERS”
 Primary
 Secondary
 Anticipatory
 Re-socialization
 Organizational

24.  Group
 Gender
 Racial
 Planned
 Natural
 Positive
 Negative

25. Development of
Identity

26. ErikErikson
(15 June 1902 – 12 May
1994)

27. Erik Erikson’s
Psychosocial Theory of
Development

28. What is
Psychosocial
Development?

29. 1. Infancy: Birth – 18 Months Old
Basic Trust vs. Mistrust – Hope

30. 2. Toddler/Early Childhood
Years:
18 Months to 3 Years Old
Autonomy vs. Shame – Will

31. 3. Preschooler: 3 to 5 Years
Old
Initiative vs. Guilt – Purpose

32. 4. School Age Child:
6 to 12 Years Old
Industry vs. Inferiority –
Competence

33. 5. Adolescent: 12 to 18 Years
Old
Identity vs. Role Confusion –
Fidelity

34. 6. Young Adult: 18 to 35 Years
Old
Intimacy and Solidarity vs.
Isolation – Love

35. 7. Middle Age Adult:
35 to 55 or65 Years Old
Generativity vs. Self
Absorption orStagnation –
Care

36. 8. Late Adulthood:
55 to 65 Years Old to Death
Integrity vs. Despair-
Wisdom

37. James Marcia

38. Commitment

39. Crisis

40. Four Identity
Phases

41. 1. Identity
Foreclosure

42. 2. Moratorium

43. 3. Identity
Achiever

44. 4. Identity Diffusion

45. Promoting a Sense of
Identity

46. Ingredients that make up an
optimal sense of personal
identity

47. 1. Inner confidence about self
competence and ability to learn and
master new tasks.

48. 2. Ample opportunity to try out new
roles either in one’s fantasy or in
actual practice.

49. 3 . Support from parents and adults.

50. Self Identity

51. Types of Identity

52. Cultural Identity

53. Ethnic and National
Identity
Ethnic Identity National Identity

54. Religious Identity

55. Gender Identity

56. Interpersonal Identity
Development

57. Social Relation

58. • Collective Identity- a sense of belonging
to a group that is so strong that a
person who identifies with the group will
dedicate his/her life to the group over
individual identity.

59. • Social Support- individual gain a
social identity and group identity by
their affiliation.

60. Influences on Identity

61. Cognitive
Influences
Scholastic
Influences

62. Socio-cultural Influences

63. PARENTING

64. KINDS OF PARENTING

65. a. Authoritarian - rules are set by
parents
b. Permissive - parents are warm
and caring but appear to be
uninvolved and uninterested.

66. c. Rejecting - neclecting parents
– parents are disengaged from
their children and not
demanding nor responsive
d. Authoritative parents –
parents and children are in good
blend. Parents have clear and
reasonable

67. References
• Child and Adolescent Development (Lorimar
Publishing)
• http://www.education.com/reference/article/identity-
development/
• http://www.learning-theories.com/ericksons-stages-of-
development.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_formation
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialization
• http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/socialization