I was assigned to report about the Intellectual Development of children. I discussed about 3 different approaches in learning. The Piagetian which is from Jean Piaget, Psychometric which talks about the measurement of intelligence, and the Classical Approach from Ivan Pavlov. I hope that this slide will be useful to you.
Intelligence test used in the forensic psychology.
There are different tests are used to measure the intelligence or IQ of a person. Such as,
Ravens Progressive Matrices
Bhatia Battery of Intelligence
Culture Fair test
Wechsler scale
Alexander Pass a long test
etc.
Intelligence test used in the forensic psychology.
There are different tests are used to measure the intelligence or IQ of a person. Such as,
Ravens Progressive Matrices
Bhatia Battery of Intelligence
Culture Fair test
Wechsler scale
Alexander Pass a long test
etc.
PIAGET’s THEORY Play plays a crucial role in their learning process.NancySachdeva7
Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that children actively construct their understanding of the world through four stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. They assimilate new information into existing mental schemas and accommodate their schemas to fit new experiences. Play plays a crucial role in their learning process.
JEAN PIAGET
BY WASIM
UNDER GUIDANCE OF
DR.PRADEEP.SHARMA
Jean Piaget (1896-1980) : History
Theory of Cognitive Development
What is Cognition?
What is Cognitive Development?
How Cognitive Development Occurs?
Key concepts
Stages of intellectual development postulated by Piaget
Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 2 Years)
Stage of Preoperational Thought (2 to 7 Years)
Stage of Concrete Operations (7 to 11 Years)
Stage of Formal Operations (11 through the End of Adolescence)
Clinical applications
Educational Implications
Contribution to Education
Strength
Limitation of jean piaget’s cognitive development theory
Critiques of Piaget
THANK YOU
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
3. What is Intellectual Development?
This refers to the way that a child’s mind and brain function develops.
It includes:
• Their ability to communicate
• To think in creative and abstract terms
• Learning to solve problems
• Pay attention
• Make sense of the world around them
• Be able to make judgments and conclusions
4. Jean Piaget
• Born in 1896 in Neuchatel, Switzerland, and died in 1980
in Geneva, Switzerland.
• After graduating high school, he attended the University
of Zurich, where he became interested in psychoanalysis.
• He married in 1923 and had three children,
Jacqueline, Lucienne and Laurent
• Piaget studied his children’s intellectual development
from infancy.
5. Theory of Cognitive Development
• He formulated stages that showed how
children learn.
• Use of schemas
• .
accommodation
assimilation
“Children are like little scientists
trying to make sense of the world
rather than simply soaking up
information passively”
- Jean Piaget
7. • Sensorimotor Stage
A period of time between birth and age two during which an infant’s
knowledge of the world is limited to his or her perceptions and motor activities.
• Preoperational Stage
A period between ages two and six during which a child learns to use
language. During this stage, mental representations and logic begin but they don’t
fully understand logical processes.
• Concrete Operational Stage – a period between ages seven and eleven
during which children gain a better understanding of mental representations.
• Formal Operational Stage – a period between twelve to adulthood when
people develop the ability to think about abstract concepts. Skills such as logical
thought, deductive reasoning and systematic planning also emerge during this
stage.
8. Infants begin to learn using their sensory system and reflexes.
• Birth to 1 month (Reflexive Action)
Innate reflexive action –
Spends a lot of time watching and playing with their own hands
Can focus and reach for objects, identify their parent’s face and
voice
Begins to modify reflections to accommodate the environment
SENSORIMOTOR STAGE
sucking, grasping, crying
9. 1 – 4 months
(Primary Circular Reactions)
Behaviors that are not previously present in stage 1 appears
(habitual thumb sucking)
Behaviors focus on own body
Acquired adaptations
Reflexive actions gradually being replaced by voluntary actions
(repeatedly putting hand in mouth)
Circular reactions resulting in modifications of existing schemes
10. 4 – 8 months
(Secondary Circular Reactions)
Infants who hit an object by chance making it move about will
often repeat this action to keep the movement going
Increased awareness of and responses to people and objects in
the environment
Ability to initiate activities
Fascination with the effects of actions
Beginning of object permanence
11. 8 – 12 months
(Coordination of Secondary Schemes)
Knowledge of cause and effect relationship
Increased deliberation and purposefulness in responding to people
and objects
Continued development of object permanence
Actively searching for hidden objects
Comprehends meaning of simple words
Combines new behavior to achieve goals
Behaves in particular ways to achieve results; likes push-pull toys
12. 12 – 18 months
(Experimentation; Tertiary Circular Reactions)
Do some trial and error, leading to new outcomes
Much time spent experimenting with objects to see what happens;
insatiable curiosity
Realizes that “out of sight” is not “out of reach” or “out of existence”
Initial understanding of space, time, and causality
13. 18 – 24 months
(Representational Intelligence)
Beginning of representational intelligence; child
mentally represents objects
Engages in symbolic, imitative behavior
Explore picture books and can name and label objects
within pictures
Beginning of sense of time
14. PREOPERATIONAL STAGE
Features the flourishing use of mental representations and
the beginnings of logic (intuitive thought).
Flourishing Mental Representations
Use of symbols in:
Language
Artwork
Play
16. Emergence of Intuitive Thought
Children reason according to what
things “seem like”, according to their
personal experience with the objects and events
involved.
Thought and logic
based on the child’s
personal experience
rather than on a formal
system of rules
On the way to school one foggy morning, our son, who was about
3½ years old, said, “Better turn your lights on – it’s really froggy
out.” When asked what he meant, he explained that he had noticed
a lot of this cloudy stuff in the air whenever we drove by ponds.
“Mom, I know that frogs live in water, so when all the frogs
breathe out, they make the air froggy.”
17. Evidence of Intuitive thought that can be seen in several characteristics
of thinking that are common during preoperational period:
• EGOCENTRISM
It is a child’s inability to take another person’s
perspective. To young children it does not seem that they are
the center of the universe, and it seems that everyone must
think about things the way they do.
Three
Mountains
Task
18. • ANIMISM
The idea that inanimate objects have conscious life and
feelings.
It is a notion that natural events or objects
(e.g. the sun, moon, hurricanes, droughts)
are under the control of people or
superhuman agents.
• ARTIFICIALISM
19. Conservation Problems
Piaget used the term conservation to refer to the concept that
certain basic properties of an object (e.g. volume, mass, and
weight) remain the same even if its physical appearance
changes.
20. Concrete Operational Stage
• Children are decentered
• They focus on the dynamic transformation of the problem
• They show reversibility of true mental operations
• In this stage, children think about the world using
objective rules of logic, freeing them from misconceptions
of intuitive thought.
• Children master the conservation problems
21. Formal Operations Stage
According to Piaget, it is during adolescence that cognitive
development reaches its fullest potential – formal operational thought.
Adolescents gradually develop the ability to use hypothetico-deductive
reasoning, and they extend their logical thinking to concepts that are
abstract.
22. Hypothetico – Deductive Reasoning
Hypothetico-deductive reasoning is the use of deductive
reasoning (reasoning from general principles to particular
conclusions) to systematically manipulate several variables,
test their effects in a systematic way, and reach concrete
conclusions.
23. It is the thought about things that are not real or tangible, or
things that are only possibilities
This leads adolescents to spend extraordinary amounts of
time speculating on all possible outcomes of seemingly
simple actions.
The adolescent also learns to think logically about such
abstract concepts as truth, justice, fairness, and morality
Abstract Thought
24. Behaviorist Approach
Behaviorists study basic mechanics of learning.
Classical Conditioning
A teacher uses a bell to signal quiet time. When the bell
rings, the children folds their arms on their desk and rest
their heads.
25. Operant Conditioning
Learning occurs when behavior is either rewarded or
punished. Through operant conditioning, an association is
made between a behavior and its consequences.
POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
26. Psychometric Approach
• The psychometric approach attempts to measure various
aspects of individuals to understand how development
takes place, and also to compare with those comparable
group of people
• This is a measurement of individual differences
27. Bayley Scales of Infant Development
• The most frequently used test of infant development
• Published by Nancy Bayley
• Measures the mental and motor development and test the
behavior of infants from one to 42 months of age.
Editor's Notes
Piaget is the most influential theorist when we talk about cognitive development. He had a constructivist view in this development and he also showed interest in natural setting which led to his scientific publications about animals. He studied about the intellectual development of his own children and from didto naka create siya og theory of cognitive development.
Piaget has a constructivist view in cognitive development
So in the 1st month of life, ang behavior sa infant kay nag reflect sa innate reflexes
A child puts his hands in his mouth by chance. But after a few weeks, he finds this as a pleasurable experience eventually sucking his thumb/hand purposefully.
Infants who hit an object by chance making it move about will often repeat this action to keep the movement going
Children have their own point of view on the event that happened.
Maong nag dugdug og kilat kay nasuko ang clouds kay gi away siya
We have already discussed about behaviorism. And if we talk about behaviorism, there will always be classical conditioning. If you remember Ivan Pavlov, he was the person who conducted a research about the salivation of dogs. One of the observations of Pavlov was that when he rings the bell, dogs salivate. He termed this as “associated learning”. Meaning the dogs had built associated between the bell and food.
It is the most commonly used measure of development in this age
range in both clinical and research settings. It is administered by examiners who are
experienced clinicians specifically trained in Bayley test procedures. The examiner
presents a series of test materials to the child and observes the child's responses and
behaviors. The test contains items designed to identify young children at risk for
developmental delay.