The document discusses socialization as an active process where individuals learn to become members of society and develop their identity through various agents such as family, peer groups, schools, mass media, and religion. It emphasizes the influential role of these agents in shaping a person's self-concept, emotions, attitudes, and behaviors, while also highlighting factors like family dynamics and social class that impact socialization. Additionally, it notes the significant role of technology and media in contemporary socialization experiences.

1. SOCIALIZATION: Concept
and Factors.....
Dr. Purshottam
Assistant Professor (Guest faculty)
Department of Social Work,
KUK

2. SOCIALIZATION
 Socialization: Active process, where
human beings 
 Learn how to become members of society
 Develop a self or sense of individual
identity, and
 Learn to participate in social relationships
with others.

3. Socialization Agents
 Socialization agents are the sources
from which we learn about society and
ourselves.
 People and groups that influence our
self- concept, emotions, attitudes, and
behaviour are called agents of
socialization.

4. Factors influencing Socialization :
 Role of Family
 Peer group
 Neighbourhood
 School
 Mass Media and Technology
 Religion and Social Values

5. Role of Family
 Family is the first agent of socialization.
Mothers and fathers, siblings and
grandparents, plus members of an extended
family, all teach a child what he or she needs
to know. For example, they show the child how
to use objects (such as clothes, computers,
eating utensils, books, bikes); how to relate to
others (some as “family,” others as “friends,”
still others as “strangers” or “teachers” or
“neighbors”); and how the world works (what is
“real” and what is “imagined”).

6. AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION:
FAMILIES
 Through close interaction with parents and
small number of others, child:
 Learns to think and speak
 Internalizes norms, beliefs, and values
 Learns gender roles
 Develops capacity for intimate and personal
relationships
 Begins to develop a self image…

7. AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION:
FAMILIES
 Socialization affected by:
 Social class of parents
 Parenting style
 Preparedness of parents for parenting role
 Psychological health of parents (e.g.,
neglect, abuse, or abandonment of child)
 Family type (e.g., single parent family, joint
family)

8. AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION:
SCHOOLS
• Schools teach children the values and
customs of the larger society.
 Teach children indirectly to be less emotionally
dependent
 Adjust children to their social order
 Build character through formal curriculum and
“hidden curriculum”: Informal teaching that
helps ensure students’ integration into society
 Reinforce gender roles

9. Agents of Socialization:
Peer Groups
 As children grow older, peer groups role increasing
in our life.
 Peer groups can ease the transition to adult
responsibilities.
 Peer groups can encourage children to honor or
violate cultural norms and values.
 Peer groups can be a source of harassment as well
as support.

10. AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION:
PEER GROUPS
 Allow children and young people:
 Opportunities to engage in experiences not
provided in family, including examining feelings,
beliefs and ideas not acceptable to family
 Opportunities for self-direction and self-
expression
 Can strongly shape individual’s aspirations and
behaviours.

11. Agents of Socialization: Mass
Media and Technology
 53 percent of all children ages 12 to 18
have their own televisions.
 Television permits imitation and role
playing but does not encourage more
complex forms of learning.
 Not just the televisions, but mobile
phones plays an important role in
socialization.

12. Agents of Socialization:
Religion
 Religion still continues to exert considerable
influence on our beliefs, values, and
behaviours.
 In considering the effects of religion on
socialization, we need to distinguish between
religious preference and religiosity.
 For example: issue of abortion

13. OTHER SOCIALIZING AGENTS
 Athletic teams: May teach young people about
cooperation, competition, following rules, and
establishing friendships
 Organizations
 Youth groups
 Job place (office)
 Other institutions

14. THANKS