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Physical – measured by height/weight
Cognitive – thinking/intellectual growth
Psychosocial – relationships/relations/communication
3. Physical Development
Brain and Nervous System
The infant's experiences help to "fine-tune" the brain's responses to
stimulation.
Motor Abilities
Brain maturation allows the
development ofdevelopment of
motor skills
from reflexes to coordinated motor
abilities, including grasping and walking.
4. Cognitive Development
Cognitive Skills
The infant progresses from knowing his or her worldonly through
immediate experiences that helps her to "experiment"
LanguageLanguage
Babies’ cry is his or her first
language
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PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
Brain and Nervous System
The brain develops faster than any
other part of the body, attaining
90 percentof its adult weight90 percentof its adult weight
Motor Abilities and Perception
Large body movements, such as
running and jumping,
improve dramatically. Fine motor skills,
such as writing and drawing, develop more
slowly.
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Cognitive Skills
The child becomes increasingly able
To use mental representation
and SYMBOLS.and SYMBOLS.
Language
Language abilities develop rapidly;
By age of 6, the average child knows
14,000 words and demonstrates
extensive grammatical knowledge.
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PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Personality Development
The child to boldly and exuberantly initiates
new activities.
Understanding Self and Others ParentUnderstanding Self and Others Parent
They engage in increasingly complex and
imaginative types of play, sometimes by them
selves and, increasingly, with others.
Child Interaction
As children become more independent and
try to exercise more control over their
environment, the parents' role in supervising the child's
activities becomes more difficult.
10. The School Years (Age 7 through 11)
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
Growth
Increased strength and heart and lung
capacity give children the endurance to
improve their performance in skills suchimprove their performance in skills such
as swimming and running.
Motor Skills
Slower growth might contribute to
children's increasing control over their
bodies.
11. The School Years (Age 7 through 11)
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Concrete Operational Thought
Children develop the ability to
understand logical principles.
An Information-Processing ViewAn Information-Processing View
Children are able to organize their
knowledge.
Language
Children's increasing ability to
understand the structures and
possibilities of language.
12. The School Years (Age 7 through 11)
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Personality Development
Understanding of cause and effect and their
awareness of the actions and attitudes of others
make them more susceptible to reinforcement.
The Peer GroupThe Peer Group
The peer group becomes increasingly important
to children.
Social Systems and the Child
Children are increasingly aware of, and involved
in family life, as well as in the world outside
the home, and therefore are more likely to feel the
effects of family, economic, and political
conditions.
13. Adolescence (Aged 10 through 18)
PHYSICAL
DEVELOPMENT
Physical Growth
At some time between the ages of 9 and 14,
pubertybegins with increases in malepubertybegins with increases in male
and female hormone levels.
Changes in Sex Organs and
Secondary Sex Characteristics
Toward the end of puberty, the young
person's potential
reproductive capacity
14. Adolescence (Aged 10 through 18)
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Formal Operational Thought
By the end of adolescence, many young
people can understand and create
usegeneral principles and use scientific reasoning.
Adolescent Egocentrism
Their feelings of invincibility and uniqueness
may prompt them to underestimate
risks, for example, with regard to sexual
relationships and drug use.
15. Adolescence (Aged 10 through 18)
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Identity
Development of the young person's
own sense of self.
Peers
The peer becomes increasinglyThe peer becomes increasingly
important to "try out" new behaviors
and explore different facets of their
personality, and to interact with
members of the opposite sex.
Parent-Child Relationships
Increased assertiveness or lack of self-discipline
and self-control.
16. CDA’s Role in CD
Understanding child is a priority.
The child needs YOU.
CD helps to empathize with the role ofempathize
nature, in play, in his life.
The child is your mirror.
17. The hardest job kids face today is learning
Good Manners without seeing any.
Franklin P. Jones
