The content of this presentation include Status, Roles, Power and Authority. Presented by students of Women University Multan.

2. CONTENT OF
PRESENTATION
• STATUS
• ROLE
• POWER
• AUTHORITY

3. GROUP MEMBERS
• SHANZA LATIF
• ZUBDA-TUL-HOOR
• ALEENA MALIK
• MAHNOOR BALOUCH
• TAYYABA KHALIQ
• SEHRISH REHMAN ALVI

4. By SHANZA LATIF

5. DEFINITION
 Social status refers to a position one holds in a
society or group.
 Status implies the position or the rank one
holds in a social group.
 Status is position that one holds in a given
system.

6. Status with regard to one
person in society
• Every status holder is a role performer.
• In a social group, every member has a status role
position.
• All status roles do not command similar position
authority; or the social recognition authority.
Status-role of a father, as the head of a family, in
patriarchal society, like that of ours differs, from his
status-role in a matriarchal society.
• Women are everywhere the same, but their
status-role in our society, in several ways differs
from women in the Arab or in a western society in
a similar situation.

7. • According to Lundberg,
It is the, “comparative amount of prestige,
deference or respect accorded to persons
who has been assigned different roles in
group or community.”
• According to H.T. Mazumdar,
“Status means the location of the individual
within the group — his place in the social
network of reciprocal obligation and
privileges, rights and duties.”

8. Elements and Characteristics
of Social Status
• The status is determined by the cultural
situation of the particular society,
• The status is determined only in relevance of
the other members of the society,
• Every individual has to play certain role in
accordance with the status,
• Status is only a part of the society as a whole,

9. • As a result of status the society is divided into
various groups,
• Every status carries with it some prestige,
• According to status people may be divided
into various categories. These categories or
statuses are not imposed from above. Some of
these statuses are earned or achieved while
others are ascribed.

10. Types of Status
There are two types of social status
 Ascribed Status
 Achieved Status

11. Ascribed Status
• The status which is given to an individual on
the basis of the situation in the society or by
other members of the society is called
ascribed status.
• Such a status may be given by birth or by
placement in a social group.

12. For example:
• A person may enjoy a particular
status because of the sex or age
of birth in a rich family.
• The ascribed status is based on
age, sex, kinship race, family etc.
• In almost every society
particularly the patriarchal
system of the society, it is the
elder men who are respected
but in matriarchal system of
society elder women are
respected.

13. Achieved Status
• The status or the
position that a person
has earned out of his
own personal efforts is
called achieved status.
• This status is given by the ability, capacity and
the efforts of the individuals.

14. • Some persons achieve a
particular status
because of the facilities
available to them but
some have to achieve
that status as against
the odds and
difficulties.
• The achieved status is
based on the personal
ability, education,
earned wealth etc.

15. • A person who is able to
display his ability in the
field of social service,
sports, education etc. is
given higher and better
status.
• For example:
A person become lawyer,
doctor, professor etc.

16. Difference between Ascribed and
Achieved status
Ascribed status
• Ascribed status is the gift
from the society of the
individual members and to
make know the effort to get
it.
• Generally ascribed status is
based on age, race, caste,
kinship, etc.
• Ascribed status is more
stable and more rigid. Its
basis does not change easily.
Achieved status
• For an achieved status
certain conditions are
namely ability, efficiency,
economic status etc. are
necessary.
• The achieved status is based
on characteristics like
capacities and abilities.
• Achieved status has an
unstable basis and so it is
itself changeable.

17. Difference between Ascribed and
Achieved status
Ascribed status
• In ascribed status there
is a co-relationship
between the status and
role.
• It has vital relationship
with the internal aspects
of the personality. It
provides satisfaction to
sentiments, emotions
and feelings etc.
Achieved status
• In achieved status it
cannot be said that there
shall be co- relationship
between the achieved
status and the role.
• Achieved status is the
gift of one’s personal
accomplishments and
personal characteristics.

18. BY ZUBDA-TUL-HOOR

19. DEFINITION
• Role, in sociology is the behavior expected of
an individual who occupies a given social
position or status.

20. • In life, we have a great variety of roles – father,
mother, businessman, shop assistant,
consumer, bus-driver, teacher, voter, and
politician and so on. These roles are an integral
part of group behavior.

21. STATUS AND ROLE
• Status and Role constitute an important element
in social structure.
• According to Young and Mack
”A role is the function of a status”.
• A person in a social set up is bound to play a
role.
• According to his role, he gets status. Similarly, the
status of an individual gives him a definite role.
Status and role, both are interrelated.

23. Characteristics of Role
• Action Aspect of Status:
The role is in fact the action aspect of status. It
involves various types of actions that a person has
to perform in accordance with the expectations of
society.
• Changing Concept of Role:
Social roles as already stated, are in accordance
with the social values, ideals, patterns etc. These
ideals, values and objects change and so the
concept of the role also changes. The role which is
justified at a particular time may not be justified at
some other time.

24. • Limited Field of Operation:
Every role has a limited area of operation and the
role has to be confined within that. For example
an officer has a role to play in the office but when
he reaches his family, that role ceases.
• 4. Roles are not Performed 100% for the
Fulfillment of the Expectations:
It is not possible for anyone to perform his role
fully in accordance with the expectations of the
society. There is bound to be some distinctions.
For example one may not be able to perform his
role to the full satisfaction of the children.

25. • Difference in the Importance of Role:
From the socio-cultural point of view all the
roles are not equally important. Some of the
roles are more important while the others
are less.
• The, roles that are most important are called
key roles while the roles that are of general
importance, are called general roles.

26. ROLE CONFLICT
• A situation in which a person is expected to
play two incompatible roles.
• The more statuses we have, and the more
roles we take on, the more likely we are to
experience role conflict.
• For example, a boss will suffer role conflict if
forced to fire an employee who is also a close
friend.

28. ROLE SET
• More than one role associated with a
particular status.
• For example a field supervisor working in
social sector is supposed to be conducting
awareness sessions in the community, focus
group discussions, attend training sessions
and formulate new strategy for preventing the
particular problem in a society.
• All mentioned duties required of an individual
for the status of field officers are role set.

30. ROLE STRAIN
• Situation caused by higher-than-expected
demands placed on an individual performing a
specific role that leads to difficulty or stress.
• For example
A working woman
trying to perform both
the duties of home
and office at the same
time. This can lead to
role strain.

31. ROLE EXIT
• When an individual stops engaging in
a role previously central to their identity and
the process of establishing a new identity.
• For example a married man may miss his
bachelor life. He decides to take a divorce and
change his status and roles associated with
it.

32. POWER
BY ALEENA MALIK

33. DEFINITION
• The ability of an individual, group,
or institution to exercise control over
other people and achieve their goals
despite opposition or resistance.
• Weber identified power as being either
authoritative or coercive.
• Authoritative power is exercising power
which is seen as legitimate. By being
legitimate it is effective because those who
are subject to the power do so with consent.

35. • Coercion is where someone exercises power
through force. It may be physical or non-
violent.
• Physical coercion may take the
form of bodily injury,
imprisonment and death penalty.
• Nonviolent coercion consists of
strike; boycott and non-
cooperation.
Non-violent coercion can be a
successful way of effecting social
control.

36. Power and authority

37. Authority
Power+ Legitimacy= Authority
• Authority is that form of power which is
legalized and legitimized.
• Authority means legitimate power which
has been approved by the people or by the
power in accordance with a constitution or
a law of state.

38. Types of Authority

39. Max Weber – power and authority
1.Rational-legal Authority
2.Traditional Authority
3.Charismatic Authority

40. Rational-legal Authority
• Based on laws, rules and regulations
• Rational legal authority is power legitimized in
the operation of lawful government.

41. • Weber viewed Bureaucracy as the type of
government that dominates in rational
thinking, modern societies.
• For Example
President and
Prime
Minister

42. Traditional Authority
• Based on domination of
past customs and traditions
• Power legitimized by respect
for long established cultural
patterns
• Example: Chinese Emperors

43. Charismatic authority
• Based on extraordinary
devotion to sacred quality or
exemplary character of a
person
• Power legitimized through
extraordinary personal
abilities that inspire devotion
and obedience.
• Example: Adolf Hitler, India’s
liberator, Mahatma Gandhi

45. ROLE ALLOCATION
• According to Davis and Moore:
“Most talented people gain higher qualification
which leads to important jobs with high rewards
(money)”.

46. • Role allocation is all part of
this in which education
allocates people to the most
appropriate jobs for their
talents using qualifications
and examinations.
• Education transmits culture,
shared beliefs and values.
• The main function of education is
role education, selection and
allocation of individuals to their future
work roles.