This document summarizes the key components of the introduction chapter of a research paper. It discusses the background of the study, statement of the problem, hypotheses, conceptual framework, significance of the study, scope and delimitation, and definition of terms. Specifically, it provides examples and explanations of each section to clearly outline the essential information and structure typically included in the introduction of a scientific research paper.
Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research)Nheru Veraflor
Introduction to Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research) for Senior High School. This includes lesson on Scientific Process, Characteristic of Quantitative Research and Types of Variables.
Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research)Nheru Veraflor
Introduction to Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research) for Senior High School. This includes lesson on Scientific Process, Characteristic of Quantitative Research and Types of Variables.
Practical Research 1 for SHS
Lesson 1: The Importance of Research in Daily life
Content
1. Differentiate Inquiry from Research
2. Share research experiences and knowledge
3. Explain the importance of research in daily life.
You can watch here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bY8lFadJia8&t=1357s
Definition of terms is usually an annex to a work (book, research paper, pamphlet,etc.) either at the beginning or more likely near the end with a list of acronyms, jargon, credits, etc. This is an important part of Research paper or report is that in which the key or important terms in the study are clearly defined.
Types and Functions
CONCEPTUAL
-Is the universal meaning that is attributed to a word or group of words and which is understood by many people.
CONCEPTUAL
It is abstract and most general in nature. The usual source of conceptual definition is the DICTIONARY which is the reference book of everyday language.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
-Is the meaning of the concept or term as used in a particular study. Unlike the conceptual definition, it is stated in concrete term in that it allows measurement.
The usual practice when using both types of definition is to state first the conceptual followed by the operational.
FUNCTIONS
FUNCTIONS
It establishes the rules and procedures the investigators will use to measure variables
It provides unambiguous meaning to terms that otherwise can be interpreted in different ways.
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION:
Reference:Basic Concepts and Methods in Research by Venancio B. ArdalesBest, John W. Research in Education Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:Prentice Hall, 1970.Chen, Paul C.Y. “Traditional and Modern Medicine in Malaysia” Social Sciencee and Medicine 15A(1981):127-136
Filipino 11
Akademikong Pagsulat Abstrak
Ang Filipino , ay ang pambansang wika ng Pilipinas. Itinalaga ang Filipino kasama ang Ingles, bilang isang opisyal na wika ng bansa. Isa itong pamantayang uri ng wikang Tagalog, isang pang-rehiyong wikang Austronesyo na malawak na sinasalita sa Pilipinas.
Practical Research 1 for SHS
Lesson 1: The Importance of Research in Daily life
Content
1. Differentiate Inquiry from Research
2. Share research experiences and knowledge
3. Explain the importance of research in daily life.
You can watch here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bY8lFadJia8&t=1357s
Definition of terms is usually an annex to a work (book, research paper, pamphlet,etc.) either at the beginning or more likely near the end with a list of acronyms, jargon, credits, etc. This is an important part of Research paper or report is that in which the key or important terms in the study are clearly defined.
Types and Functions
CONCEPTUAL
-Is the universal meaning that is attributed to a word or group of words and which is understood by many people.
CONCEPTUAL
It is abstract and most general in nature. The usual source of conceptual definition is the DICTIONARY which is the reference book of everyday language.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
-Is the meaning of the concept or term as used in a particular study. Unlike the conceptual definition, it is stated in concrete term in that it allows measurement.
The usual practice when using both types of definition is to state first the conceptual followed by the operational.
FUNCTIONS
FUNCTIONS
It establishes the rules and procedures the investigators will use to measure variables
It provides unambiguous meaning to terms that otherwise can be interpreted in different ways.
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION:
Reference:Basic Concepts and Methods in Research by Venancio B. ArdalesBest, John W. Research in Education Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:Prentice Hall, 1970.Chen, Paul C.Y. “Traditional and Modern Medicine in Malaysia” Social Sciencee and Medicine 15A(1981):127-136
Filipino 11
Akademikong Pagsulat Abstrak
Ang Filipino , ay ang pambansang wika ng Pilipinas. Itinalaga ang Filipino kasama ang Ingles, bilang isang opisyal na wika ng bansa. Isa itong pamantayang uri ng wikang Tagalog, isang pang-rehiyong wikang Austronesyo na malawak na sinasalita sa Pilipinas.
Review of Literature, Hypothesis and Conceptual framework Jimnaira Abanto
After presenting your research problem, the next part of your research paper consists of Review of related literature, hypothesis and Conceptual framework.
narito ang kasaysayan ng pag-unlad ng wikang pambansa, sang-ayon na din sa mga saligang batas na umiiral.
Ang sanggunian nito ay : "Komunikasyong Epekyibo sa Wikang Epektibo" nina Bernales, R.A., et al. 2015
THESIS - WIKANG FILIPINO, SA MAKABAGONG PANAHONMi L
I uploaded this thesis for the reference of the future researchers.
Entitled Wikang Filipino, sa Makabagong Panahon.
We tackled about the progress of Filipino language as time pass by. And the factors that affect it.
Enjoy and God bless! :)
Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Psidium Guajava against ...ijtsrd
The some plants have been good source of drugs for microbial resistance. The research for newer source of antibiotics is a global challenges in pharmaceutical companies. Present time plants are being extensively explored for harboring medicinal properties. Phytochemical are naturally occurring compounds present in the medicinal plants such as flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids and phenolic compounds. Psidium guajava is a phototherapeutic plant used in folk medicine and is believed to have active components that helps in treatment and management of various disease such as wounds, ulcers, etc. Guava extract has exhibited remarkable antimicrobial activity against microorganisms. This study investigates the phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Psidium guajava leaf extracts. Antibacterial activity at the plant extract were determined against K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, E. coli. Psidium guajava leaf extracts provided scientific evidence for the rational use of P. juajava leaves in prevention of disorders due to Presence of some useful phytochemicals and in the treatment of disease caused by some bacterial pathogens such as S. aureus, B. cereus, K. pneumonae, E. coli. The present work demonstrates the antimicrobial potential of Psidium guajava leaves extracts by using various solvents. Pooja Soudawat | Anand Verma "Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Psidium Guajava against Some Clinical Pathogens" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29134.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/29134/phytochemical-analysis-and-antibacterial-activity-of-psidium-guajava-against-some-clinical-pathogens/pooja-soudawat
Ethical issues related to animal biotechnologyKAUSHAL SAHU
Introduction
Why are genetically modified animals produced?
Examples of transgenic animals
Why are animals used instead of genetically modified microbes or plants?
Ethical issues
Religious concerns
Responsibility of Scientists
Need for Guidelines
Conclusion
References
The Central and Peripheral effects of the methanol extract of Fadogia cienkow...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Non-human primates in research and safety testingGreenFacts
Every year, more than 100 000 monkeys and apes are used for biomedical research around the world. Their genetic similarities to humans make them particularly suitable candidates for testing the safety of new drugs and for studying infectious diseases or the brain. But those very similarities to humans also raise specific ethical questions about their use for scientific experiments.
Are there alternatives to the use of non-human primates in research and testing? Would it be feasible to stop using them altogether?
Anacyclus Pyrenthrum An Unexplored Ethanomedicinal Plantijtsrd
Anacyclus pyrenthrum most widely growing species of the family Asteraceae. The plant having several pharmacological actions such as antidiabetic, immunostimulant , inhibitory effects, antidepressant activity, anticonvulsant activity, memory enhancing activity, aphrodisiacs, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant, local anesthetic effect, insecticidal effect, action on COX and LOX, interactions with testosterone, interaction with libido, and it interaction with testicles. mostly the root is having phytochemical components which shows above pharmacological activity. M B Narkhede | V B Patond | N G Ratnaparkhi | S D Mhaske "Anacyclus Pyrenthrum: An Unexplored Ethanomedicinal Plant" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31913.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/31913/anacyclus-pyrenthrum-an-unexplored-ethanomedicinal-plant/m-b-narkhede
Phytochemical Profile and in vitro and in vivo Anticonvulsant and Antioxidant...Self-employed researcher
This study presents the phytochemical profile and in vitro and in
vivo anticonvulsant and antioxidant activities of Epilobium hirsutum, which
has been traditionally used in the treatment of epilepsy by local people of
Turkey. In vitro studies revealed that the extract contained a pronounced
amount of phenolics (206.3±0.9 mg Gallic acid Eq/g extract) and exhibited
significant levels of antioxidant (FRAP; 6226 µmol Fe2+/g extract, ORAC;
6593 µmol Trolox Eq/g extract, DPPH; IC50:33.8 ug/mL and metal chelation;
IC50:114 ug/mL) and anticonvulsant (AChE; IC50:71.2 ug/mL, BChE; IC50:92.5
ug/mL, GABA-T; IC50:94.7 ug/mL) activities. In vivo studies shown that the
the extract exhibited high anticonvulsant activities. In addition, the extracts
regulated the behavior, locomotion, and mental activities of the mice tested.
Biochemical evaluation of the brain tissue revealed that the extract inhibited
the production of MDA and stimulated the increase of antioxidant enzyme
levels, which suggest the possible antioxidative role of the extract that worked
as neuroprotective agents by scarfing the free radicals produced through PTZ
seizure inducer and attenuate convulsions. Moreover the extract regulated
serum biochemical parameters, total antioxidants, total oxidant, and ischemia modified albumin levels. Chromatographic studies were revealed that gallic
acid principally might be the major contributor of anticonvulsant and
antioxidant activities with the additive contributions of fatty acids and mineral
compounds. Findings obtained from this study partially justified the traditional
use of Epilobium hirsutum in the treatment of epilepsy and suggest potential
use of the extract as an industrial or pharmaceutical agent.
Antibacterial Effect of Acronychia Pedunculata Fresh Extract against Staphylo...ijtsrd
With reference to the text series of Talpatepiliyam, it is mentioned that leaves and stem bark of Ankenda Acronychia pedunculata are used externally in all types of oduvana and gadu. Staphylococcus aureus is the common cause of skin infections such as abscesses and wounds. This study was aimed to investigate whether there is antibacterial activity of fresh extracts of stem bark, leaves and combined sample stem bark and leaves of Acronychia pedunculata grown in Sri Lanka againstS. aureus ATCC25923 and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration MIC was studied. Kirby Baurer Well diffusion method of Antibacterial Susceptibility Testing was used to determine antibacterial activity of each fresh extract. Amoxicillin 10mg ml and distilled water were used as positive and negative control respectively. Zone diameters were interpreted and data were statistically analyzed. The results showed that there was antibacterial effect of each sample. The highest zone diameter was observed for the combined sample inhibition zone 11.67mm . This could be due to the synergetic activity of each compounds from each plant material used. Fresh extracts of stem bark showed the second most zone diameter 11mm while fresh extracts of leaves the least 9mm . As fresh extracts of combined sample showed the highest activity, dilution series for MIC were prepared from the combined sample. The MIC of combined sample for the growth of S. aureus was 10 2 mg ml. This study could be further investigated for more gram positive and negative bacterial and fungal species. Charitha. L. Muthukuda | Tilindra. R. Jayakody "Antibacterial Effect of Acronychia Pedunculata Fresh Extract against Staphylococcus Aureus: A Study in Vitro" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43735.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/ayurvedic/43735/antibacterial-effect-of-acronychia-pedunculata-fresh-extract-against-staphylococcus-aureus-a-study-in-vitro/charitha-l-muthukuda
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Data presentation and interpretation I Quantitative ResearchJimnaira Abanto
Topics;
DATA PRESENTATION & INTERPRETATION
Preparation in writing your data analysis
Techniques in Data Processing
Presentation and Interpretation of Data
Using statistical Techniques (Sample)
Topics:
Quantitative research
Characteristics of Quantitative Research
Strengths of Quantitative Research
Weaknesses of Quantitative Research
Importance of Quantitative Research Across Fields
TYPES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN
Resign Design
Quantitative Research
5 types of quantitative research design
You can watch here! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LJpb0wW_6lo
****You can reach me on my email jimnairaabanto@deped.gov.ph, if you have clarification or corrections. Thank you so much.
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH VERSUS QUALITATIVE RESEARCHJimnaira Abanto
Content:
I. When to use Qualitative versus Quantitative Research
II. Differences: Qualitative Research versus Quantitative Research
III. Similarities: Qualitative Research and Quantitative Research
IV. The Kinds of Research Across Fields
You can watch here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0k7QqwBEvGE&t=919s
TOPICS:
I. Definition of Qualitative Research
II. Purpose of Qualitative Research
III. Characteristics of Qualitative Research
IV. Strengths of Qualitative Research
V. Weaknesses of Qualitative Research
VI. Kinds of Qualitative Research
You can Watch here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a-PstCR7RTQ&t=803s
Objectives:
1. Distinguish the different Types of Research
2. Differentiate quantitative and qualitative data
3. Identify the approaches to Research
4. Cite examples of different Kinds of Research Across Fields
You can watch here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w_IZXxN58ag&t=24s
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. 1.1 Background of the Study
“Why did you conduct the study?”
--describes the circumstances that
suggested in the research.
3. Kalanchoe pinnata (Kataka-taka) have the ability to synthesize a wide variety of
chemical compound that are used to perform important biological functions and to
defend against attack from predators such as insects, fungi and herbivorous mammals.
Many of these consumed by humans and can be used to effectively treat the human
diseases.
Medicinal plants have been identified in used through out human history. It finds
application in pharmaceutical cosmetic, agricultural and food history. The use of
medicinal herbs for curing disease has been documented in history of all civilizations.
The use of herbs to treat disease is almost universal among non-industrialized
societies, and is often more affordable than purchasing expensive modern
pharmaceuticals.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO)estimates that 80 percent of the
population of some Asia and African countries presently use herbal medicine for some
aspect of primary health care. Studies in the United States and Europe have shown that
their use is less common in clinical settings, but has become increasingly more in
recent years as scientific evidence about the effectiveness of herbal medicine has
become more widely available.
Kalanchoe pinnata was chosen to be studied because it comes in abundant source
and is available. In this study, isolated compounds from Kalanchoe pinnata underwent
partial characterization and were tested for antibacterial property against Escherichia
4. 1.2 Statement of the Problem
“What did you study?”
--clearly, accurately and briefly states
the issue that was studied.
--may be stated either in the declarative
form or interrogative form.
5. The main problem of the study is to utilize
fish offal from boneless fish (C. chanos) into
burger. Specifically, it attempts to answer the
following research questions.
1. What
is…………………………………………….?
2. What is
…………………………………………….?
3. How
do……………………………………………?
6. 1.3 Hypotheses
Proposed solution
Tentative explanation
Educated Prediction
Meant to be tested
--should be clear & brief.
--should be based on past experiences or
observations or on information gathered
from your research.
--must be testable.
7. Types of Hypotheses
1. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
alternative hypothesis
stated in a declarative form.
Examples: a. Insect a develops resistance to Pesticide X.
b. If the concentration of Substance A is increased,
then plant growth will be reduced.
2. STATISTICAL HYPOTHESIS
Null hypothesis
Refers to populations and represents the vehicle by which
findings are generalized from the sample to the population.
a. When a sample of Insect A is regularly exposed to Pesticide
X for one week, 100% of the sample will die; None will
survive.
b. The mean heights of plants exposed to 0%, 10%, 20% and
30% Substance A are not significantly different.
8. 1.4 Conceptual Framework
Is a general statement which forms the
frame of reference for your inquiry or
investigation.
Sets out the rationale which underlies
--Why you do/What you do?
--How you do your research?
2 TYPES OF DIAGRAMS REPRESENTING
OF:
1. Relationships of the KEY CONCEPTS
involved in the study.
2. Relationships of the KEY VARIABLES to
be investigated.
9. KEY VARIABLES
The effect of Aloe vera extract on the
rate of growth and regeneration of
Planaria
Effectiveness of culturing grouper
in fish cages using bread meal as
supplemental feed
Aloe
vera
Regeneration of
Planaria
Growth of Planaria
Supplemental
feed
(Bread Meal)
Salinity
Temperature
Oxygen
pH
Growth Rate
11. 1.5 Significance of the Study
The relevance of the research to felt
needs.
How the research output may be
directly useful to people?
The explanation of it is presented either
1. INDUCTIVE PERSPECTIVE –
particular to general
2. DEDUCTIVE PERSPECTIVE –
general to particular
12. Realizing the acute environmental hazards and
problems associated with the accumulation of mine
tailings in mining companies which one of our country’s,
and also of the world’s major industries, this research
intends to utilize these mine tailings, instead, as
alternative raw material for earthenware. Recycle and
compost, there is cash in trash is the Earthenware's’ 4th
commandment. (Philippine Star, April 4, 1999). These
earthenwares have potential commercial values:
earthenware vases as an export winner and ceramic
tiles for low cost housing project.
13. 1.6 Scope and Delimitation of
the Study
Coverage of the study:
Area
Subject/problem
Research apparatus, equipment or
instrument
Time frame
Any limitations in the reference
population, sample size
14. The leaves of Kalanchoe pinnata
were percolated in 150c milliliters of
ethanol for two weeks. The crude extract
was subjected to phytochemical screening
test: test for alkaloids and tannins.
The Gas Chromatography-Mass
Spectra analysis was done for the
instrumentation at the Coca Cola Plant,
Sta. Rosa Laguna. The Microbial analysis
with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus
aureus and Candida albicans were done
at the Microbiological Research and
Services of the Natural Sciences
Research Institute.
15. 1.7 Definition of Terms
Includes terms which should be
interpreted in a manner unique to your
research.
Includes all the important variables in the
study.
The definitions may be:
1. CONCEPTUAL – based on concepts or
hypothetic ones which are usually
taken from dictionary, encyclopedia &
published journals.
2. OPERATIONAL – based on observable
characteristics & how it is used in the
16. PAPER WORKS
Based on your research title chosen,
formulate the ff.:
Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem
Hypothesis
Conceptual Framework
Significance of the Study
Scope & Delimitation
Definition of Terms
17. REMINDERS: Pass your NOTEBOOK and CLEAR
BOOK on Nov. 2 or 3, 2016.
LONG TEST on Nov. 10, 2016.
Pass your Chapter 1(Draft) on
November 2-4, 2016.
Presentation of Chapter 1 on
November 11, 2016.
Study well and ENJOY your
SEMBREAK. God bless!