This chapter discusses the related literature, related studies, and the relationship between previous studies and the present study. The related literature section reviews articles from various sources that support the research problem's variables and strong points. The related studies section examines published and unpublished theses and research on the topic. The final section notes the similarities and differences between reviewed studies and the present study in terms of framework, methodology, and statistical analysis to strengthen the importance of the current work.

2. This chapter is consist of three :
1. Related Literature
2. Related Studies
3. Relationship of the previous Studies to the present study

3. A. RELATED LITERATURE
• The related literatures are articles taken from books, journals,
magazines, novels, poetry and many others .
• Sometimes some of the literature reviews are incorporated into the
introduction part. If this happens, the literature incorporated in the
introduction part should no longer be reflected in this section.
• This section will justify and support your variables and the strong
points of the research problem.

4. Example:
Factors Affecting Mathematics Performance of Laboratory High School
Students at Laguna State Polytechnic University Academic Year 2009-
2010.
• Katherine (2008) stated that an exploration of girls’ learning styles,
attitudes, and behaviors in math classes that also shows the importance of
analyzing the curriculum and attitudes of teachers when attempting to
understand girls’ relation to math. It attempts to discover ways to increase
girls’ interest and achievement in math. It concludes with 15 practical
recommendations for the improvement of math education for girls.
• Kean (2000) analyzed how parents' values and attitudes affect children's
math performance and later interest, and how these attitudes vary by the
child's gender. They used data from a longitudinal study of more than 800
children and a large group of their parents that began in 1987 and
continued through.

5. B. RELATED STUDIES
The related studies are taken from published and unpublished
theses/dissertations or published research journals.
C. RELATIONSHIP OF THE PREVIOUS STUDIES
TO THE PRESENT STUDY
• Points out the similarities and differences of the reviewed studies to
the present study in terms of the framework of the study,,
methodology , statistical analysis, etc.
• In this part, the researcher does not need to stipulate anymore the
year of publication or date in which the study has been conducted.

6. Sample illustration
Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents the relevant literature and studies
that the researcher considered in strengthening the claim and
importance of the present study .

7. A. Related Literature
Foreign (10)
____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
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____________________________________________.
Local (10)
____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_________________________________________.

8. B. Related Studies
Foreign
____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
_____________________________________.
Local
____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
_________________________________.

9. C. Relationship of the Previous Studies to the Present Study