This document provides an introduction to parallel computing. It discusses how parallelism can help address limitations in hardware and sustain performance gains. Parallelism provides increased computational power through implicit and explicit parallelism. It also provides higher bandwidth to memory and faster data access. The document outlines applications of parallel computing in engineering, science, commerce, and computer systems. It concludes with an overview of the course content which will cover parallel platforms, programming, and algorithms.
An explicitly parallel program must specify concurrency and interaction between concurrent subtasks.
The former is sometimes also referred to as the control structure and the latter as the communication model.
Lecture 4 principles of parallel algorithm design updatedVajira Thambawita
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The main principles of parallel algorithm design are discussed here. For more information: visit, https://sites.google.com/view/vajira-thambawita/leaning-materials
An explicitly parallel program must specify concurrency and interaction between concurrent subtasks.
The former is sometimes also referred to as the control structure and the latter as the communication model.
Lecture 4 principles of parallel algorithm design updatedVajira Thambawita
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The main principles of parallel algorithm design are discussed here. For more information: visit, https://sites.google.com/view/vajira-thambawita/leaning-materials
A frequently used class of objects are the quadric surfaces, which are described with second-degree equations (quadratics). They include spheres, ellipsoids, tori, paraboloids, and hyperboloids.
Quadric surfaces, particularly spheres and ellipsoids, are common elements of graphics scenes
Basic communication operations - One to all BroadcastRashiJoshi11
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Brief description of Basic communication operations in parallel computing along with description of One to all Broadcast, its implementation on ring, mesh and hypercube, cost of and how to improve speed of one to all broadcast.
advanced computer architesture-conditions of parallelismPankaj Kumar Jain
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This PPT contains Data and Resource Dependencies,Control Dependence,Resource Dependence,Bernsteinâs Conditions ,Hardware And Software Parallelism,Types of Software Parallelism
The primary reasons for using parallel computing:
Save time - wall clock time
Solve larger problems
Provide concurrency (do multiple things at the same time)
A frequently used class of objects are the quadric surfaces, which are described with second-degree equations (quadratics). They include spheres, ellipsoids, tori, paraboloids, and hyperboloids.
Quadric surfaces, particularly spheres and ellipsoids, are common elements of graphics scenes
Basic communication operations - One to all BroadcastRashiJoshi11
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Brief description of Basic communication operations in parallel computing along with description of One to all Broadcast, its implementation on ring, mesh and hypercube, cost of and how to improve speed of one to all broadcast.
advanced computer architesture-conditions of parallelismPankaj Kumar Jain
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This PPT contains Data and Resource Dependencies,Control Dependence,Resource Dependence,Bernsteinâs Conditions ,Hardware And Software Parallelism,Types of Software Parallelism
The primary reasons for using parallel computing:
Save time - wall clock time
Solve larger problems
Provide concurrency (do multiple things at the same time)
The Industrial Internet is an emerging communication infrastructure that connects people, data, and machines to enable access and control of mechanical devices in unprecedented ways. It connects machines embedded with sensors and sophisticated software to other machines (and end users) to extract data, make sense of it, and find meaning where it did not exist before. Machines--from jet engines to gas turbines to medical scanners--connected via the Industrial Internet have the analytical intelligence to self-diagnose and self-correct, so they can deliver the right information to the right people at the right time (and in real-time).
Despite the promise of the Industrial Internet, however, supporting the end-to-end quality-of-service (QoS) requirements is hard. This talk will discuss a number of technical issues emerging in this context, including:
Precise auto-scaling of resources with a system-wide focus.
Flexible optimization algorithms to balance real-time constraints with cost and other goals.
Improved fault-tolerance fail-over to support real-time requirements.
Data provisioning and load balancing algorithms that rely on physical properties of computations.
It will also explore how the OMG Data Distribution Service (DDS) provides key building blocks needed to create a dependable and elastic software infrastructure for the Industrial Internet.
Simulating Heterogeneous Resources in CloudLightningCloudLightning
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In this presentation, Dr Christos Papadopoulos-Filelis (Democritus University of Thrace, Greece) discusses resource characterisation, simulation tools and the elements of simulation used in CloudLightning.
This presentation was given at the National Conference on Cloud Computing in Dublin City University on 12th April 2016.
Simulation of Heterogeneous Cloud InfrastructuresCloudLightning
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During the last years, except from the traditional CPU based hardware servers, hardware accelerators are widely used in various HPC application areas. More specifically, Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), Many Integrated Cores (MICs) and Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have shown a great potential in HPC and have been widely mobilised in supercomputing and in HPC-Clouds. This presentation focuses on the development of a cloud simulation framework that supports hardware accelerators. The design and implementation of the framework are also discussed.
This presentation was given by Dr. Konstantinos Giannoutakis (CERTH) at the CloudLightning Conference on 11th April 2017.
This Presentation was prepared by Abdussamad Muntahi for the Seminar on High Performance Computing on 11/7/13 (Thursday) Organized by BRAC University Computer Club (BUCC) in collaboration with BRAC University Electronics and Electrical Club (BUEEC).
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In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
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This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar âDigital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?â on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus âManaging screen time: How to protect and equip students against distractionâ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective âStudents, digital devices and successâ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesarâs dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empireâs birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empireâs society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
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Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Sectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdf
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Chap1 slides
1. Introduction to Parallel Computing
Ananth Grama, Anshul Gupta, George Karypis, and Vipin Kumar
To accompany the text ``Introduction to Parallel Computing'',
Addison Wesley, 2003.
2. Topic Overview
⢠Motivating Parallelism
⢠Scope of Parallel Computing Applications
⢠Organization and Contents of the Course
3. Motivating Parallelism
⢠The role of parallelism in accelerating computing speeds
has been recognized for several decades.
⢠Its role in providing multiplicity of datapaths and
increased access to storage elements has been
significant in commercial applications.
⢠The scalable performance and lower cost of parallel
platforms is reflected in the wide variety of applications.
4. Motivating Parallelism
⢠Developing parallel hardware and software has traditionally been
time and effort intensive.
⢠If one is to view this in the context of rapidly improving uniprocessor
speeds, one is tempted to question the need for parallel computing.
⢠There are some unmistakable trends in hardware design, which
indicate that uniprocessor (or implicitly parallel) architectures may
not be able to sustain the rate of realizable performance increments
in the future.
⢠This is the result of a number of fundamental physical and
computational limitations.
⢠The emergence of standardized parallel programming environments,
libraries, and hardware have significantly reduced time to (parallel)
solution.
5. The Computational Power Argument
Moore's law states [1965]:
``The complexity for minimum component costs has
increased at a rate of roughly a factor of two per year.
Certainly over the short term this rate can be expected to
continue, if not to increase. Over the longer term, the
rate of increase is a bit more uncertain, although there is
no reason to believe it will not remain nearly constant for
at least 10 years. That means by 1975, the number of
components per integrated circuit for minimum cost will
be 65,000.''
6. The Computational Power Argument
Moore attributed this doubling rate to exponential
behavior of die sizes, finer minimum dimensions, and
``circuit and device cleverness''.
In 1975, he revised this law as follows:
``There is no room left to squeeze anything out by
being clever. Going forward from here we have to
depend on the two size factors - bigger dies and finer
dimensions.''
He revised his rate of circuit complexity doubling to
18 months and projected from 1975 onwards at this
reduced rate.
7. The Computational Power Argument
⢠If one is to buy into Moore's law, the question still
remains - how does one translate transistors into useful
OPS (operations per second)?
⢠The logical recourse is to rely on parallelism, both
implicit and explicit.
⢠Most serial (or seemingly serial) processors rely
extensively on implicit parallelism.
⢠We focus in this class, for the most part, on explicit
parallelism.
8. The Memory/Disk Speed Argument
⢠While clock rates of high-end processors have increased at roughly
40% per year over the past decade, DRAM access times have only
improved at the rate of roughly 10% per year over this interval.
⢠This mismatch in speeds causes significant performance
bottlenecks.
⢠Parallel platforms provide increased bandwidth to the memory
system.
⢠Parallel platforms also provide higher aggregate caches.
⢠Principles of locality of data reference and bulk access, which guide
parallel algorithm design also apply to memory optimization.
⢠Some of the fastest growing applications of parallel computing utilize
not their raw computational speed, rather their ability to pump data
to memory and disk faster.
9. The Data Communication Argument
⢠As the network evolves, the vision of the Internet as one
large computing platform has emerged.
⢠This view is exploited by applications such as
SETI@home and Folding@home.
⢠In many other applications (typically databases and data
mining) the volume of data is such that they cannot be
moved.
⢠Any analyses on this data must be performed over the
network using parallel techniques.
10. Scope of Parallel Computing Applications
⢠Parallelism finds applications in very diverse application
domains for different motivating reasons.
⢠These range from improved application performance to
cost considerations.
11. Applications in Engineering and Design
⢠Design of airfoils (optimizing lift, drag, stability), internal
combustion engines (optimizing charge distribution,
burn), high-speed circuits (layouts for delays and
capacitive and inductive effects), and structures
(optimizing structural integrity, design parameters, cost,
etc.).
⢠Design and simulation of micro- and nano-scale
systems.
⢠Process optimization, operations research.
12. Scientific Applications
⢠Functional and structural characterization of genes and
proteins.
⢠Advances in computational physics and chemistry have
explored new materials, understanding of chemical
pathways, and more efficient processes.
⢠Applications in astrophysics have explored the evolution
of galaxies, thermonuclear processes, and the analysis
of extremely large datasets from telescopes.
⢠Weather modeling, mineral prospecting, flood prediction,
etc., are other important applications.
⢠Bioinformatics and astrophysics also present some of
the most challenging problems with respect to analyzing
extremely large datasets.
13. Commercial Applications
⢠Some of the largest parallel computers power the wall
street!
⢠Data mining and analysis for optimizing business and
marketing decisions.
⢠Large scale servers (mail and web servers) are often
implemented using parallel platforms.
⢠Applications such as information retrieval and search are
typically powered by large clusters.
14. Applications in Computer Systems
⢠Network intrusion detection, cryptography, multiparty
computations are some of the core users of parallel
computing techniques.
⢠Embedded systems increasingly rely on distributed
control algorithms.
⢠A modern automobile consists of tens of processors
communicating to perform complex tasks for optimizing
handling and performance.
⢠Conventional structured peer-to-peer networks impose
overlay networks and utilize algorithms directly from
parallel computing.
15. Organization and Contents of this Course
⢠Fundamentals: This part of the class covers basic
parallel platforms, principles of algorithm design, group
communication primitives, and analytical modeling
techniques.
⢠Parallel Programming: This part of the class deals with
programming using message passing libraries and
threads.
⢠Parallel Algorithms: This part of the class covers basic
algorithms for matrix computations, graphs, sorting,
discrete optimization, and dynamic programming.