Canola is an annual rabi crop belonging to the Brassicaceae family. It has a taproot system and produces elongated racemes with pods containing seeds. Canola cultivation originated in India, China, and Japan over 200 years ago, where it was first grown for its oil. Canola is grown for its young leaves used as vegetables, and oil used in cooking, pickles, industry and lubricants. It grows best in temperate regions with average temperatures of 30°C and well-drained soil, and is commonly grown under irrigation in Punjab and Sindh.

1. Canola
SHAHROZE KHAN
A001
SEC:A

2. Botanical name:
Brassica napus
Family:
Brassicaceae

3. Botanical description:
 Annual rabi crop
 Tap root system
 Elongated racemes
 Fruit of the canola is called pod

4. Origin and history:
 Exact origin of canola is not known.
 However, its cultivation has been traced back in India, China and Japan about 200
years ago.
 First time oil extracted from canola is done in India.

5. Economic Importance:
 Young leaves are used as a vegetable.
 Oil is used in making pickles,cooking,industry and as a lubricant.
 Conventional varieties
 00 variety.

6. Soil and Locality:
 Well drained soil
 Can’t tolerate water logged soil
 Adopted to temperate region
 Do well in average temperature of 30℃.
 Irrigated condition in Punjab and Sindh

7. Cultural Practices:
Sowing time:
 Zaid kharif crop
 Late August-September

8. Seed bed preparation:
 It is small in size. It required a fine, well prepared level and firm seed bed with
adequate moisture.
 First of all heavy irrigation is applied then at appropriate moisture content the soil
is ploughed with Mould Board plough followed by clod crushing and leveling.
 After that 1 or 2 shallow ploughings are done followed by planking.

9. Seed rate:
 2 kg/acre
 Germination=80%

10. Sowing Method:
 Broadcasting
 Seed drill
 R × 𝑅=30-45cm
 P × 𝑃=10-15cm
Fertilizers:
N P K Kg/acre
35 35 25

11. Irrigation:
 3-4 irrigations required.
 1st irrigation is applied after one month
 Subsequent irrigation should be applied about 20-30 days interval.

12. Interculture and weeding:
 After 15-20 days of emergence the seedling should be thinned to maintain 5-10 cm
apart.
 1st hoeing is done when plant is 6-8 cm tall.
 2-hoeings are required after 1st irrigation and weeding is an efficient method.

13. Harvesting, Threshing and storing:
 It ripe and ready to harvest when their stalks and pods become yellow and their
seeds rattle in pods when shaken.
 It matures in 190-200 days.
 The dried crop is threshed with bullocks or by running tractors over it.
 The seed is then winnowed, sun dried and stored.

14. Varieties and Cultivars:
 Punjab canola.
 Faisal canola.
Pest:
 Aphid.
Control:
 Aphid is controlled by the water spray.

15. Disease:
 Leaf spot
Yield:
 20-25 mond/acre.