Mung bean (Vigna radiata) is an important pulse crop grown mainly for its edible seeds. It originated in the Indian subcontinent and is now widely cultivated in Asia, Africa, and other regions. In Pakistan, mung bean is grown on 163,000 hectares annually, producing around 117,800 tonnes. It is sown from mid-June to mid-July and requires irrigation 2-3 times. Major varieties include NIAB Mung-2006 and NIAB Mung-98. Yellow mosaic virus, leaf crinkle virus, aphids, and bean fly are key pests and diseases affecting production.

2. Nomenclature
Botanical
Description
Importance
Production
Technology
Bibliography

3. Nomenclature
Kingdom: Plantae
Sub-kingdom: Angiosperms
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Tribe: Phaseoleae
Genus: Vigna
Species: V. radiata L.

4. Introduction
 The mung bean is thought to have originated from the Indian subcontinent where
it was domesticated as early as 1500 BC. Now mung beans has introduced to
southern and eastern Asia, Africa, Austronesia, the Americas and the West Indies.
 Its production and cultivated in Pakistan is given below in the table.
Crop Production
(000 Tonnes)
Area
(000 hectares)
Mung bean 117.8 163.2
(Govt. of Pakistan, 2018-19)

5. Mungbean (Vigna radiata) is grown mainly for its edible seeds, which are cooked,
fermented, roasted, sprouted, or milled. In Pakistan, Mungbean seeds, like other
pulses, are split in a mill, separated from the husk, and then cooked as dal.
Mungbean also is used in making soups, curries, noodles, bread, and sweets; the
seeds roasted with spices are also very popular. Mungbean is easily digestible and
high in protein, which averages 22–24%. The leftover leaves, stalks and husks of the
mungbean plants are used as fodder, and the whole plant can be ploughed under as
green manure for soil improvement.
Introduction

6. Botanical Description
Roots:
• Tap root system
• Rood nodules are present to fix N2
from atmosphere
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Stem:
• Both upright and vine
types of growth habit
occur in mung bean
• Plants varying from
3-5 m in length
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7. Botanical Description
Leaves:
• highly branched and several pods
growing at each leaf axil
• Trifoliate in shape
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Flowers:
• Pale yellow flowers
• Present in the form 12-15 clusters
• Produces 30 to 40 pods per plant

8. Importance
Human food
Easily digestible and good for heart and stomach
Cheap replacement for meat
Sprouted for fresh use or canned for shipment to
restaurants.
Rich in vitamin A and C and protein almost 20%
Rich in calcium, iron and phosphorus

9. Agriculture importance:-
leguminous crop that’s why have
nodules on roots which can fix the
nitrogen.
Almost 25kg/acre nitrogen can be
fixed during a crop season.

10. Production
technology

11. Loamy and sandy loamy soil are best.
Clayey soil are unfit for this crop.
Saline soil are also not suitable for this because of
leaf curl virus.
Soil Type

12. Land Preparation
• 2 plough followed by 1 time
land leveler.
• Use cultivator followed by
land planker.
• For the cultivation on the
large scale, laser land
levelling is recommended for
better production

13. Hot and dry climate is suitable
Sown in all over the Punjab but main areas
Mianwali, Bhakkar
And Layyah district
Other districts are Sarghodha, Khushab, Jhang
In SINDH: Khairpur, Sanghar, Haiderabad
In KPK: Haripur, Deer and Karam agency
In BALAUCHISTAN: mainly in Bolan and Gawadar
distrcts.
Climate and Areas

14. Sowing Method
Zero tillage sowing
Broadcast method
Ridge sowing
Bed sowing
Drill sowing
R-R = 30 cm,
P-P = 10 cm
Plant population: 1-1.5 lac/acre

15. Zero Tillage Sowing of Mungbean
• In this method mung bean are sown with the help drill without
disturbing to much to the soil on heavy soils.
• R-R distance is maintained at 1.5 ft

16. Zero Tillage Sowing of Mung bean

17. Ridge Sowing of Mung bean
• In this method the seed is sown in the heavy loamed soils on then ridges with the
help of ridger maintain row to row distance 2.5 ft
• Then field is irrigated and weedicides are sprayed on the next day in wet soil
condition

18. Ridge Sowing of Mungbean

19. Broadcast Sowing of Mung Bean
• This method is used only light soil having low fertility.
• This method is also used as green manuring of the less fertile soils in
the June and July months.
• Broad casting is usually done in dry regions.

20. Broadcast Sowing of Mungbean

21. Bed sown Mungbean

22. Drill Sowing of Mungbean
• Drill sowing of mung bean is recommended in loamy soils.
• In this R-R distance is maintained 1.5ft and P-P distance is 4-3 inches
after thinning for better production

23. Drill Sown Mungbean

24. can be sown twice in year
• If water is available it gives good production
• Spring crop don not grow randomly
• Less insect attack
• 1st week to last week of March
• Best time is 1st two weeks of march
• Recommended varieties for spring season
• NM-92 , NM-98 FOR PUNJAB
• NM-92 AND CHAKWAL MONG-97 FOR KPK
• NM-92 , NM98 AND A.E.M-96 FOR SINDH
Spring season:-
Sowing Time

25. Sowing Time
 Kharif season:-
 80% is cultivated in this season
 Successfully sown in both irrigated
and Barani areas
 15 June to 15 July
 Recommended varieties
 PUNJAB: NM-92 and NM-98
 KPK: CHAKWAL MONG-96 ,NM-
92 .NMN 96
 BALAUCHISTAN: A.E.M 96 and
NM-92

26. Seed Rate
• Seed should clean and healthy
• Always use approved variety
• 12 kg/acre for spring sown for
drill sowing
• 10 kg/acre for June sown for
drill sowing
• 4-5 kg/acre for both season for
ridge sowing

27. Fertilizer
less need of nitrogen as mungbean is a legume.
It has nodulation capability which can fix
atmospheric nitrogen into the soil, if seed is
inoculated with bio-fertilizer using inoculants
developed for nodulation of mungbean.
Use nitrogen at time of sowing @ 8- 10 kg
per acre to meet the requirement of crop
Phosphorus help in early maturing
Use phosphorus at time of sowing @
20- 25 kg per acre
To meet the requirement of crop 1 bag of
DAP @ 50kg is enough.

28. Irrigation
2-3 irrigations are required
1st at three weeks after sowing
2nd at flowering and
3rd at pod formation
For June sown crop irrigation should be done at evening time.

29. weeds
• Deela
• Tandla
• Swanki
• Itsit
Weedicides recommended
• Pre-sowing:- pendimethalin 1000ml/acre
• Post-sowing:- Acetachlore 1000ml/acre
• Roundup (Glyphosate)

30. Cyperus rotundus
(Deela)

31. Echinochloa colona
(Swanki)
Trianthema
portulacastrum
(itsit)

32. Diseases
• Yellow Mosaic Virus attack on Mung bean:
is the most serious problem of
mungbean in the country. The affected
plants show yellow mottled symptoms.
Planting of yellow mosaic virus resistant
varieties is the best control measure. This is
caused by a white fly therefore, control of
fly is essential. The control can be made by
spray of any suitable pesticide and eradicate
the affected plant materials or burn the
diseased plants to destroy the virus.

33. Leaf Crinkle:
• It is a disease caused by a virus which stays inside the
seed and cannot be seen with naked eyes or ordinary
microscope and is caused by movement of aphids. The
leaves are crinkled and ultimately result into complete
loss of production. The control is made by (a) using
virus free and healthy seed (b) destroy the affected
leaves (c) control of aphids which cause leaf crinkle
(d) use disease resistant varieties.

34. Insect Pest Management
• Aphids
They usually occur on mungbean.
If you notice unusually high aphid
populations (over 20 insects/ plant),
spray an insecticide such as
dimethoate once a week until
aphids are eradicated.

35. Bean fly
• It is the most important insect pest of mungbean. It
causes significant damage during the seedling stage.
The adult flies are too tiny and cannot be recognized
easily. The bean fly maggots feed inside the plant
stem and their damage cannot be seen from the
outside. Mungbean must be protected against bean
flies. Monocrotophos or dimethoate can be sprayed
at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after emergence. The
first three sprays are very important and must not be
delayed.

36. Insecticides
• Bifenthrin 10EC 250ml/acre
• Chlorfenapyr 100ml/acre
• Imeda chloperid 250 ml/acre

37. Harvesting
• Pod maturity in mungbean is not uniform
because the plants flower over an extended
period. This makes it difficult to decide when to
harvest.
• Can be harvested after 80-110 days
• Should be harvested when more than 80% pods
are dried.

38. Harvesting
• Generally harvest should begin
when one half to two-thirds of the
pods are mature and having seed
moisture between 13-15%.
• Can be harvested by both manually
and mechanically.

39. Production Constraints
Harvesting is also an issue in
low yielding of crop
Also attack of pest
insects and affected by
virus.
Due to weather condition
and crop rotation
problem , It does not
give much yield

40. • NIAB Mung-2006
• NIAB Mung-98
Important Varieties:

41. Other Varieties
• NIAB Mung-2016
• Mung-92
• Mung-98
• AZRI-2006
• AZRI-2018
• P.I.R-2018
• Bahawalpur mung-2017
• Chakwal Mung-6

42. Bibliography
• http://www.valleyirrigationpakistan.com/wp-
content/uploads/2012/09/Mung-bean-Cultivation-in-Pakistan.pdf
• Production technology of Mungbean published by AARI 2020-21