This document provides information about wheat production in India. It discusses that wheat is the most widely grown cereal grain in the world. In India, wheat is commonly grown in the alluvial soils of the Gangetic plains and black cotton soils of central India. Optimal growing conditions include temperatures between 20-25°C during growth and dry, warm weather during harvesting. Common wheat varieties grown in India include T. aestivum and T. durum. The document outlines best practices for soil preparation, planting, irrigation, fertilizer application, weed control and harvesting of wheat crops in India.

1. CP - 321
CROP- WHAET
PLOT NO- 18
SUBMITTED BY:
MANORANJAN ROUT 36C/14
OMRITA JAISWAL 37C/14

2. WHEAT
• Most widely grown cereal grain in the world.
• The most important cultivated wheat sp are
• T. aestivum (hexaploid) 2n = 12
• T. durum (Tetraploid) 4n = 28
• T. sphaerococcum (hexaploid) 6n = 42

3. USE

4. PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION

5. IN INDIA

6. NUTRIENT CONTENT IN WHAEAT
:

7. SOIL AMD CLIMATE
• In India, wheat is grown in different soils; but
it does well on well drained loams and clay
loams. Best growth is achieved in allurial
soils of Gangetic plains; but it does also well
on black cotton soils of central India.
•

8. Climatic requirement
• Wide adaptability
- Prefer areas with cool, moist weather during
growing period followed by dry, warm
weather.
- Optimum temperature range for ideal
germination of seed is 20 – 25 0 C
- Can germinate in the temp range of 3.5 –
350C
- Areas with warm and damp climate are not
suited for wheat growing.

9. Field Preparation
• Requires a well pulverized soils for good
germination
• Field after the harvest of previous crop
should be properly ploughed and harrowed
2-3 times followed by planking
• Pre-sowing irrigation (wetland) 7-10 days
before sowing seed is needed for proper
germination.
• Light leveling is required before sowing seed

10. Management Practices
• In rain-fed areas (dry land) – FP should be
done with care as conservation of moisture
is dependent on it.
• Fields are deep ploughed and done planking
• Usu. done in evening times and furrow
should be kept opened whole night to
absorb moisture from dew.
• Planking should be done in the morning

11. Seed and sowing
• RAISED BED SEED SOWING
• SPACING MAINTAINED
• Row to row 25cm
• Plant to plant 5cm
• Sowing was done by broadcasting in the row
• TIME OF SOWING :
• 1st week of November
• Seed rate 100-120kg/ha

12. Wheat field

13. Nutrient Management
1. FYM- 20kg
2. Nutrient dose - 120-60-40 kg NPK/ha
Time N P2O5 K2O
BASAL 1/2 = 300g FULL =300g FULL- 160g
20DAS 1/2 = 300g 0 0

14. GROWTH STAGE

15. IRRIGATION :
NUMBAR OF IRRIGATION STAGE
o n e i r r i g a t i o n C R I
t w o i r r i g a t i o n C R I & D o u g h s t a g e
t h r e e i r r i g a t i o n C R I + h e a d i n g + D o u g h s t
a g e

16. Weed control
 Yield losses of more than 70% due to weeds have
been reported from weed control experiments.
 It is necessary to keep the crop weed-free during the
first 30 days after sowing.
 Cultural practices :
 Adopting proper crop rotation practices reducing the
weed competition in pearl millet crop.
 Intercropping also helps in smothering the weeds
with good crop cover over the land surface.
 Mulching the soil surface helps to suppress the
weeds and also he in conserving the soil moisture.

17. Chemical control :
• Pre-emergence application :
• It applied after sowing but before emergence of
seedling.
• - Atrazine (0.5-1.0)
• - Pendimethalin (1.0-1.5)
• - Tebutryn (1.0-2.0) for light soils
• - Norea (1.0-2.0) for heavy soils
• Post-emergence application :
• In case of severe infestation.
• Low rates of 2,4-D (0.5-1.0 kg/ha) may be
applied when the plants are about 10 to 30 cm
tall.

18. Harvesting
- when leaves and stems turn yellow and
become fairly dry – before it is dead ripe.
- Done manually using serrated sickle
• YIELD - 18 -2 3 q / h a