This document discusses the cultivation and utility of rice. It begins by providing background on rice production worldwide and in India. It then covers the taxonomy, morphology, nutritional value, and cultivation methods of rice, including different rice varieties, climate and soil requirements, and methods like aerobic, SRI, upland, and wetland cultivation. It concludes by discussing harvesting and post-harvest processing, the major rice producing states in India, and worldwide rice production trends.

1. University of Kashmir
Cultivation and utility of Rice
Abrar Yousuf Mir

2. Synopsis
 Rice ( Oryza sativa)
 Taxonomic position
 Morphology
 Rice producing states
 Nutritional value
 Cultivation of rice
 Different methods of cultivation
 Harvesting
 Pictures
 Conclusi

3. Introduction
 Rice is 3rd highest worldwide production ,after
sugarcane and maize .
 Asian farmers account about 87% .
 India is second largest producer -20% .
 In India –area 46 mh and production 157 .2 million
tonnes (2014) .
 43% of total food grain production and 46% of total
cereal production of the country and contribute about
24% of gross cropped area of the country .

4.  Oryza includes 24 species in which 22 are wild and two
are cultivated i.e. Oryza sativa ( found in Asia
,America ,Europe ) Oryza glaberrima ( found in west
Africa ) .
 Oryza sativa grouped into three sub species .
 A. Indica b. Japonica c. Javanica
 Highest productivity in Punjab 6000 kg/ha -2013.
Egypt -9.5 tonnes per hectare .
 India exported 40,45,796.25 MT of Basmati Rice
Rice of Rs.22718.44crores .
 Uttar Pradesh export 443957 .16 MT of Rs 2722.65
crore .

5. Taxonomy of Rice
 Kingdom plantae
sub kingdom tracheobionta
superdivision spermatophyta
Division magnoliophyta
class liliopsida
sub class commelinidae
order cyperales
family poaceae
Genus oryza l.
Species oryza sativa

6. Nutritional value of the Rice
Name Amount in Amount in
brown rice white rice
A . calories 111 130
B. Total fat 1g 0g
C Sodium 5mg 1mg
D. Total carbohydrate 23g 28g
E. Protein 3g 3g
F. Calcium 1% 1%
G. Iron 2% 7%

7. Morphology of Rice

9. Varieties
 Varieties depends to a great extent an agro- climatic
conditions .the cropping system followed ,grains quality
and several other factors .


10. Climate and Soil Requirements
 Average temperature - 21 to 37 degree ,blooming
required temperature 26.5-29 .5 degree calcius .
 Ripening the tem. Should be 20 – 25 degree c
 clay loams soil most suited with ph range between 5.5 -
6.5 .
Kharif may –June sep –oct
Rabi June – July Nov – dec
summer Nov – Dec March –April
November

11. Methods of Rice Cultivation

12. Aerobic Rice cultivation
 Aerobic rice verities e.g. PMK -3 ,co47 .cr 102 ,cr 204
 Jharkhand ,odhisa
 Well drained
 Non puddled
 4 -6t /ha with 50 % saving irrigation water
 Target areas
 Uplands
 Undulating ,rainfed lowlands
 Water short irrigated low lands


13. Needs less water
Not affect over variety

16. System of rice intensification
Developed in Madagascar early -1980s by
Father Henri de laulanie .
Formal experimentation started in India
2002 -2003

17. Drip irrigation system
 Very new system and under experiment in rice
cultivation .
 Experiment is doing different public and private
sector like IARI,TNAU,JIS

18. Advantages of SRI
 Saving of 30- 40 % irrigation water
 Saving of 85% seed ( 2kg /acre as against 25-30kg
/acre in normal method .
 Saving of chemical inputs
 More healthy and tasty rice due to organic farming
practices .
 Better and higher yields with lower inputs
 Crop duration reduced by 7-10 days due to absence of
transplanting shock

19. Up -land rice cultivation
 Also called direct – seeded rice
 Mainly early maturing variety of 100 -115 days .
 Seed are sown mainly in two ways –
 Field preparation :- After harvesting the Rabi crop in
April- May the field should be plough with soil turning
plough .The field should be prepared and bunds should
be made around the field just after the first shower of
monsoon.
 Seed rate 60 kg in behind the plough or drilling
And for broadcasting 100kg seed/hectare .

20.  Fertilizer Application in dry and Rainfed upland
cultivation .60 kg nitrogen .30 kg phosphorus ,30 kg
potash per hec.
25% N total p & k applied at time of land preparation
.After 35-40 days of sowing or telering stage ,top dress
50% of total N ,the remaining 25 % N should be top
dressed at dressed at panicle initiation stage .
weeding and Howing
in upland rice weeds are major problem. Apply
benthiocarb at the rate of 2kg per hectare 6-7 days after
seedling of rice .one manual weeding 40 – 45 days after
sowing .

21. Wet or low land rice cultivation
1. Transplanting in puddled fields
2. Broadcasting sprouted seeds in puddled fields.
3. For transplanting one hectare area about 500 square
meter area in sufficient for nursery raising .in case of
late sowing area should be 750- 1000 square meter .
4. Seed rate 40-45 seed for bold grain varieties and 30-35
kg seed for fine grain varieties .

22. Method of raising seedling
1. Wet bed nursery 2. Dry bed Nursery 3 Dapog
wet bed nursery :- Most popular worldwide ,raised
beds within the swamp ,apply 225g urea or 500g
ammonium sulphate and 500g SSP per 10 square
meter .keep the seed beds saturated .
Dry bed nursery :- Practiced in areas were water is
not sufficient ,use the same seed rate and fertilizer as
in wet nurseries .Beds should be watered thoroughly
immediately after planting and twice every day
thereafter .

23.  Seedlings on the dry bed should be ready for
transplanting from 21 days .
 Water the bed to Saturation before uprooting .
The Dapog Nursery :- This method introduced in
India from Philippines .
 Main merit of this method is that less area is needed
to raise seedlings about 25 – 30 square meters .
 Save almost half of the time in seedling raising.
 1 sq meter of seed bed should be require for every 3 kg
of seed .
 Seedling would be ready for transplanting with in 11 to
14 days .
 Made on concerete floor
 Polyethelene sheets are used

24.  Brushing and clearing .
 Repairing water control structures .
 Plowings and paddling
 1st plowing-2,3 weeks before transplanting begins .
 2nd take place 7-10 days after the first plowing
 Puddling -10 days after the second plowing and one
day before transplanting .
 If a basal application of fertilizer is intended
,broadcast the fertilizer just before the puddling .

25. Transplanting
 Hand transplanting :-
Most widely practised method
½ - 1 – deep transplanting is best
space the hills 8 x8 during the west season ,6x6 during the dry
season but can be modified .
 Broadling :-
 Method use where rice grown in extremely boggy ,making it difficult
 to walk in them .
 Seedlings are thrown randomly into the puddled soil .
 The technique requires smaller plots than are found ordinarily.
Water Management :-
 Water requirement is high during in initial period about 10 days
 Telering to flowering is the most critical stage .
 water allowed to stand in the field at depth of 2-5 cm .
 Water drained out from the field 7- 15 days before harvest encourage quick and
uniform maturity of grain .

26. Harvesting and threshing
 95 – 90 % of the panicles are ripe means 90% of the
spikelet's are golden and hard .
 Drain the plots 7-10 days before anticipated harvesting
.
 At the time of harvesting ,moisture content 20-26 % .
 12 -14 % before milling or storage .
Yield :-
A well managed crop of mid duration paddy, yields
about 60-70 quintals paddy per hectare .
Short duration varieties yield about 45-55 quintals
per hectare ,hybrid rice yield ,about 60-70 quintals per
hectare .

27. Top Rice producing States of India
1. West Bengal
15023.68
2. Utter Pradesh
14416
3. Andhra Pradesh
11510
4. Punjab
11374
5. Bihar
7529.3

29. Production of Rice in world

30. Production Share of Rice by Region
Average 1994 -2018

31. Growth of plant

32. Conclusion
 About half of the worlds population depends upon the
rice specific food.
 By 2025 about 15-20 mh of irrigated rice fields may
suffer from water scarcity .
 To overcome this water problem and supply sufficient
amount of food to people ,it is necessary that type of
cultivation system who need less water but give more
yield .

33. References
 https://www.farmingindia.in/paddy-cultivation/
 http://ricepedia.org/rice-as-a-crop/how-is-rice-grown
 https://www.bing.com/search?q=cultivation+of+rice&
FORM=EDGNDT&refig=c6477a7d95c4410f9d468769f
0f39766
 https://scholars.direct/journal.php?jid=rice-research

34. Thank you