Calotropis gigantea is a plant known as crown flower or madar in English and arka in Urdu. Parts used include the root, flowers, and leaves. Chemical constituents include betastiosterol, flavonoids, and di-phthalate. Betastiosterol acts as an anti-tumor agent by inhibiting protein kinase C alpha. Flavonoids are used as anti-diabetics by suppressing gluconeogenic enzymes and as anti-inflammatories by inhibiting prostaglandin release. Alcoholic extracts are used as antipyretics by inhibiting the actions of Brewer's yeast. Side effects include vomiting, diarrhea, and heart problems. It can be toxic in large doses

2.  Botanical Origin: Calotropis gigantea
 English Name:Crown Flower,Madar
 Urdu Name/Common Name:Arka
 Part Used:Root,Flowers,Leaves
 Family:Asclepiadecea
 ChemicalConstituents:
Di-phthalate,
Anhydrosophoradiol,
Stigmasterol,
Betasitosterol,
Flavonoids,

3. Betasitosterol is used as antitumor agent.
Flavonoids are used as antidiabetic and
antiinflammatory agents.
Alcoholic extracts are used as antipyretic.

4.  Betasitosterol acts as anti tumor agent.It inhibits the enzyme
protein kinase C alpha involved in the protein formation.Due to
protein formation is blocked,the cell lyses occurs.
 Flavonoids are used as anti diabetic.They Causes the suppression
of Gluconeogenic enzymes i:e Glucose-6-phosphate and thus
causes low level of glucose within the body.
 Alcoholic extracts of roots are used as antipyretic.Brewer’s yeast is
a kind of yeast that induces fever.Intake of alcoholic extracts
inhibits actions of Brewer’s yeast and acts as antipyretic agent.
 Flavonoids are used as anti inflammatory agents.They contains
flavonoids that inhibits the release of Pgs there by inhibiting the
inflammation.

5.  Root bark powder: 0.5-1g/day
 Flower powder: 1-2g/day
 Side Effects:
 Vomiting,Diarrhoea,heart problems(slow heart
beat),convulsions,death.
 Containdications:
 Not safe to use in pregnancy and lactation period.

6.  When used as antidiabetic more than the normal dose then it
causes severe hypoglycemia that leads to coma and ultimately
death occurs.
 Over dose of Betasitosterol causes increase in apoptosis leading to
degeneration of tissues.
 Plant may be toxic due to presence of Di-phthalate which causes
damage to reproductive structures and affect develoment by
retarding growth and cell damage.

7.  Digoxin helps the heart beat more
strongly.Calotropis also seems to affect the
heart.Taking Calotropis along with Digoxin can
increase the effects of digoxin and increases the risk
of side effects.
 Calotropis effects the heart.The heart uses
potassium.Laxatives called stimulant laxatives can
decease potassium levels in the body.Low potassium
levels can increase the chances of side effects from
calotropis.

8.  http://www.greenpharmacy.info/article.asp?issn=0973-
8258;year=2011;volume=5;issue=4;spage=296;epage=301;aulast
=Choudhary.
 http://www.meschinohealth.com/books/beta_sitosterol
 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10828677
 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23983504
 https://www.google.com.pk/search?espv=2&biw=1366&bih=
623&q=calotropis+gigantea+common+name&revid=114393639
9&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calo
tropis_giganteav2q_WnbjJAhUKEpQKHTNMAt8Q1QIIeSgE.
 http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-
supplements/ingredientmono-797-
calotropis.aspx?activeingredientid=797&activeingredientname
=calotropis.