pharmacognosy
"cardamom"
botanical origin
allied species
macro & microscopical character
active constituent
uses
mechanism of action
contraindications
pharmaceutical dosage form available in the market
recent researches
Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum. They are native to the Maluku Islands in Indonesia, and are commonly used as a spice. Cloves are commercially harvested primarily in Indonesia, India, Madagascar, Zanzibar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Tanzania.
Describes in detail the complete biological source and synonyms of the plant Cinnamon. Gives important macroscopic characters and microscopic characters as seen in transverse and the lateral sections. Also gives important chemical constituents of the plant, its uses, difference between two species of Cinnamon: Cassia cinnamon and Ceylon cinnamon and some marketed pharmaceutical preparations of Ceylon cinnamon.
Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum. They are native to the Maluku Islands in Indonesia, and are commonly used as a spice. Cloves are commercially harvested primarily in Indonesia, India, Madagascar, Zanzibar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Tanzania.
Describes in detail the complete biological source and synonyms of the plant Cinnamon. Gives important macroscopic characters and microscopic characters as seen in transverse and the lateral sections. Also gives important chemical constituents of the plant, its uses, difference between two species of Cinnamon: Cassia cinnamon and Ceylon cinnamon and some marketed pharmaceutical preparations of Ceylon cinnamon.
seed
A plant part derived from a fertilized ovule , so it is mature fertilized ovule.
Function:
-To insure the continuation and distribution of the plant.
-------------
Structure of the ovule
----------------
Markings on the testa
--------------
Types of ovules
--------------
الجوز المقيئ Nux Vomica
- Macroscopical Characters
- Microscopical Characters
- T.S.
- Powder (M.D.E)
- Active Constituents
- Tests of identity
- Uses
--------------------------------------------
بذر الكتان Linseed
- Macroscopical Characters
- Microscopical Characters
- T.S.
- Powder (M.D.E)
- Active Constituents
- Tests of identity
- Uses
--------------------------------------------
بذر الخروع Castor seed
Liquorice or licorice is the common name of Glycyrrhiza glabra, a flowering plant of the bean family Fabaceae, from the root of which a sweet, aromatic flavouring can be extracted. The liquorice plant is a herbaceous perennial legume native to the Western Asia and southern Europe.
Introduction of Pharmacognosy, Scope and Traditional system of MedicineSHIVANEE VYAS
The term Pharmacognosy comes from two Greek words: “Pharmakon" meaning drug or medicine, and "gnosis" meaning knowledge or study. Pharmacognosy also defined as the systemic study of crude drugs obtained from natural origin like plants, animals, minerals, and microbes. Pharmacognosy defined as the branch of science which involves details study of drug obtained from natural origin including name, collection, cultivation, macroscopy, microscopy, physical property, chemical constituents, therapeutic action and uses.
https://youtu.be/gxOVfntCCB8
Unit II Introduction to secondary metabolite
Volatile oils
Mentha, Clove, Cinnamon, Fennel, Coriander.
For video lecture suscribe yutube channel snehal chakorkar
seed
A plant part derived from a fertilized ovule , so it is mature fertilized ovule.
Function:
-To insure the continuation and distribution of the plant.
-------------
Structure of the ovule
----------------
Markings on the testa
--------------
Types of ovules
--------------
الجوز المقيئ Nux Vomica
- Macroscopical Characters
- Microscopical Characters
- T.S.
- Powder (M.D.E)
- Active Constituents
- Tests of identity
- Uses
--------------------------------------------
بذر الكتان Linseed
- Macroscopical Characters
- Microscopical Characters
- T.S.
- Powder (M.D.E)
- Active Constituents
- Tests of identity
- Uses
--------------------------------------------
بذر الخروع Castor seed
Liquorice or licorice is the common name of Glycyrrhiza glabra, a flowering plant of the bean family Fabaceae, from the root of which a sweet, aromatic flavouring can be extracted. The liquorice plant is a herbaceous perennial legume native to the Western Asia and southern Europe.
Introduction of Pharmacognosy, Scope and Traditional system of MedicineSHIVANEE VYAS
The term Pharmacognosy comes from two Greek words: “Pharmakon" meaning drug or medicine, and "gnosis" meaning knowledge or study. Pharmacognosy also defined as the systemic study of crude drugs obtained from natural origin like plants, animals, minerals, and microbes. Pharmacognosy defined as the branch of science which involves details study of drug obtained from natural origin including name, collection, cultivation, macroscopy, microscopy, physical property, chemical constituents, therapeutic action and uses.
https://youtu.be/gxOVfntCCB8
Unit II Introduction to secondary metabolite
Volatile oils
Mentha, Clove, Cinnamon, Fennel, Coriander.
For video lecture suscribe yutube channel snehal chakorkar
Ginger is a common herb, used as vegetable and medicine both. It is a very potent medicine in many kinds of disorders. An effectve household remedy of various ailinf conditions
Country Status Reports on Underutilized Crops, by Rina Rani Saha, Bangladeshapaari
Country Status Reports on Underutilized Crops, by Rina Rani Saha, Bangladesh - Regional Expert Consultation on Underutilized Crops for Food and Nutritional Security in Asia and the Pacific November 13-15, 2017, Bangkok
Fermentation Process for Manufacturing of Wine from Emblica officinalis fruitsIJARBEST JOURNAL
Amla fruits can be used as a valuable ingredient for
the production of an amla wine with all the important properties
of wine having medicinal characteristics of amla fruits. A
fermenting strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was utilized for
alcoholic fermentation using sugarcane molasses. Temperature
is one of the major constraints that determine the ethanol
production. The fermentation process was carried out at 25, 30,
35 and 40°C with 20% initial sugar concentration. It was
concluded that an increase in alcohol concentration,
productivity as well as efficiency with an increase in pH (4.0-5.0)
and it was also found that this optimum pH range was suitable
for S. cerevisiae strain. The fermentation process using S.
cerevisiae under optimized conditions i.e. pH 6, sugar
concentration 20% and temperature 30°C revealed an increase
in ethanol production i.e. 8.9 % (v/v) with good fermentation
efficiency
Ch 1 Food Where it Does Come From 1.pptxSaqlain Raza
CHAPTER 1
CLASS 6TH
NVS
GENERAL SCIENCE
TOPIC:- FOOD
Where it's come from
Carbohydrates, proteins,fats, vitamins, minerals,balanced diet
Nvs#kvs#jnvs#6th#cbse#iisc#
(www.indiamart.com/prexportskolkata) We have achieved immense admiration from our clients by providing a highest quality collection of Bay Leaf, Black Cardamom, Black Cumin Seeds, Black Pepper, Coriander Seeds, Black Sesame Seeds and Turmeric Fingers. We ensure to deliver the offered products in a high quality packing materials in a prompt manner.
Adulteration it is a practice of substituting the original crude drug partially or fully with other substances which is either free from or inferior in therapeutic and chemical properties or addition of low grade or spoiled drugs or entirely different drug similar to that of original drug substituted with an intention of enhancement of profits.
adulteration may be defined as mixing or substituting the original drug material with other spurious, inferior, defective, spoiled, useless other parts of same or different plant or harmful substances or drug which do not confirm with the official standards
Bajaj Processpack Limited offers Machines for Flavored Milk Bottling, Fresh Milk Processing and Milk Plant Manufacturers and Flavored Milk Bottling Plant. Various end-packaging options are offered like glass or PET bottles, cans, pouches and HDPE containers. More Information http://www.bajajprocesspack.com/milk-dairy-processing.html
Caraway ,All the plant parts are medicinally useful to treat many diseases. It is Home remedy medicine. Easy to grow at home. It is rich in salts and vitamins.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
3. Part use:
Dried unripe seeds of Elettaria cardamomum.
Family: Zingiberaceae.
“Recently separated from the fruits”
4/17/2015
3
Botanical Origin
Pharmacognosy2135 for pharmacy students first year - second
4. The fruit:
Kind; loculicidal capsule
The seed:
Embryo; straight
Kind; albuminous
Ovule; anatropous
Outgrowth; arrilus
4/17/2015
4
Pharmacognosy2135 for pharmacy students first year - second
10. 4/17/2015
10
The essential volatile oil
in the seeds contain;
a-terpineol 45%, myrcene
27%, limonene 8%,
menthone 6%, ß-
phellandrene 3%, 1,8-
cineol 2%, sabinene 2%
and heptane 2%.
Abundant starch in
perisperm.
Active Constituents
http://www.spicesmedicinalherbs.com/gr
een-cardamom-spice-uses-
constituents.html
11. 4/17/2015
11
Volatile oil + Sudan III red color
Cardamom powder ‘on cold’ + drops of water +
2 drops of I2 solution blue color
Chemical Tests
Mechanism of Action
http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/life-science/nutrition-research/learning-
center/plant-profiler/elettaria-cardamomum.html
12. 4/17/2015
12
Medical uses
A stimulant and carminative, it is used for indigestion
and flatulence
In India, green cardamom (A. subulatum) is broadly
used to treat infections in teeth and gums.
It is used to prevent and treat throat troubles,
congestion of the lungs and pulmonary tuberculosis.
Used in inflammation of eyelids and also digestive
disorders.
It is also reportedly used as an antidote for both snake
and scorpion venom.
Indians regarded it as a cure for obesity.
Cardamom is used as a breath-freshener, but it is said
that excessive use thins the blood.
Uses
13. 4/17/2015
13
Culinary Uses
The leaves are cooked and eaten as greens
and the roots are said to be sweet succulent
and delicious when boiled like potatoes.
Flowers are a sweet addition to salads or as a
garnish and young seedpods are steamed.
Uses
http://www.spicesmedicinalherbs.com/gr
een-cardamom-spice-uses-
constituents.html
14. 4/17/2015
14
Culinary Uses
The pods can be used whole or split when cooked in
Indian substantial meals — such as pulses
Cardamom is often included in Indian sweet dishes and
drinks like punches and milled wines.
It is used in pickles, especially pickled herring and
flavors custard.
It is also chewed habitually (like nuts) where freely
available, as in the East Indies, and in the Indian
masticory, betel pan.
It is often used in baking in Scandinavia and in Danish
pastries.
Uses
15. 4/17/2015
15
Culinary Uses
Throughout the Arab world, Cardamom is one of the
most popular spices, with Cardamom coffee being a
symbol of hospitality and prestige.
In the Moghul cuisine (Northern India) it abundantly
used in the delicious rice dishes called biriyanis.
In Sri Lanka, the pods are added to fiery beef or chicken
curries.
A small amount of Cardamom will add a tempting flavor
to coffee cake.
Flans, rice puddings, porridges, etc. taste much better
with a dash of cardamom.
Add whole cardamoms to flavour tea drunk with milk.
Uses
16. 4/17/2015
16
It is often adulterated and there are many
inferior substitutes from cardamom-related
plants, such as Siam cardamom, Nepal
cardamom, winged Java cardamom, and
bastard cardamom. However, it is only
Elettaria cardamomum which is the true
cardamom.
Allid Species
http://theepicentre.com/spice/cardamom
/
17. 4/17/2015
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Seed
Rare .. those of various varieties and allied
species taken from the pericarp; entire fruit with
orange seed, green coffee, etc.;
Powder
Starch, sodium carbonate, ginger (recognized by
its larger starch grains), etc.
Adulteration
http://chestofbooks.com/h
ealth/materia-medica-
drugs/A-Manual-of-
Materia-Medica-and-
Pharmacology/Elettaria-
Cardamomi-Semen-
Cardamom-Seed-U-S-
P.html#.VTEx_SGqqkp
19. 4/17/2015
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Ulcer
People with diverticulitis
Intestinal diseases
Gallstones and colic “but it is recommended in
flatulence colic.”
Endometriosis
Pregnant woman
Essential oil shouldn’t be given to children
under 6 years
Contraindication
http://www.botanical-
online.com/english/cardamon_contraindications.htm
22. 4/17/2015
22
Exploration for the multi-effect of cardamom
in's resistance to multiple myeloma. (2014)
Recent Researches
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/254100
63
Stability of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum)
essential oil in microcapsules made of whey
protein isolate, guar gum, and carrageenan.
(2014)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/252249
89
23. 4/17/2015
23
Rhynchophorus ferrugineus midgut cell line to
evaluate insecticidal potency of different plant
essential oils. (2015)
Recent Researches
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/253810
34
Histological and ultrastructural studies on the
toxic effect of pan masala and its amelioration
byElettaria cardamomum. (2014)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/247028
06
24. 4/17/2015
24
Determination of elements by atomic
absorption spectrometry in medicinal plants
employed to alleviate common cold symptoms.
(2014)
Recent Researches
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25
532362
Traditional phytoremedies for the treatment of
menstrual disorders in district Udhampur, J&K,
India. (2014)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2547915
6