The document discusses drug discovery and the new drug development process. It describes how drugs are developed to treat diseases, which can be infections, genetic disorders, or results of environmental conditions. The development process is long and complex, involving many scientific and technical experts. The document also provides numerous examples of plant-based drugs and the plants and chemicals they are derived from to treat various medical conditions.

1. DRUG DISCOVERY – NEW DRUG DEVELOPMENT PROCESS BY Dr. BASAVARAJ K. NANJWADE Department of Pharmaceutics K L E UNIVERSITY JN MEDICAL COLLEGE BELGAUM – 590010 E-mail: bknanjwade@yahoo.co.in

13. Plant Based Drugs and Medicines Anisodus tanguticus Anticholinergic Anisodamine Andrographis paniculata Baccillary dysentery Andrographolide Anabasis sphylla Skeletal muscle relaxant Anabesine Brassica nigra Rubefacient Allyl isothiocyanate Several plants Vulnerary Allantoin Rauvolfia sepentina Circulatory Disorders Ajmalicine Agrimonia supatoria Anthelmintic Agrimophol Frazinus rhychophylla Anti-dysentery Aesculetin Aesculus hippocastanum Anti-inflammatory Aescin Adonis vernalis Cardiotonic Adoniside Digitalis lanata Cardiotonic Acetyldigoxin Plant Source Action/Clinical Use Drug/Chemical

14. Plant Based Drugs and Medicines Camellia sinensis CNS stimulant Caffeine Ananas comosus Anti-inflammatory, proteolytic Bromelain Several plants Antipyretic, analgesic, antiinflammatory Borneol Betula alba Anticancerous Betulinic acid Ardisia japonica Antitussive Bergenin Berberis vulgaris Bacillary dysentery Berberine Several plants Scabicide Benzyl benzoate Atropa belladonna Anticholinergic Atropine Centella asiatica Vulnerary Asiaticoside Areca catechu Anthelmintic Arecoline Anisodus tanguticus Anticholinergic Anisodine Plant Source Action/Clinical Use Drug/Chemical

15. Plant Based Drugs and Medicines Curcuma longa Choleretic Curcumin Convallaria majalis Cardiotonic Convallatoxin Colchicum autumnale Antitumor agent, anti-gout Colchicine Colchicum autumnale Antitumor agent Colchiceine amide Papaver somniferum Analgesic, antitussive Codeine Erythroxylum coca Local anaesthetic Cocaine Cissampelos pareira Skeletal muscle relaxant Cissampeline Carica papaya Proteolytic, mucolytic Chymopapain Potentilla fragarioides Haemostatic (+)-Catechin Camptotheca acuminata Anticancerous Camptothecin Cinnamomum camphora Rubefacient Camphor Plant Source Action/Clinical Use Drug/Chemical

16. Plant Based Drugs and Medicines Ephedrine Cephaelis ipecacuanha Amoebicide, emetic Emetine Digitalis purpurea Cardiotonic Digoxin Digitalis purpurea Cardiotonic Digitoxin Digitalis purpurea Cardiotonic Digitalin Mucuna sp Anti-parkinsonism L-Dopa Digitalis lanata Cardiotonic Deslanoside Rauvolfia canescens Antihypertensive, tranquillizer Deserpidine Colchicum autumnale Antitumor agent Demecolcine Cassia species Laxative Danthron Cynara scolymus Choleretic Cynarin Plant Source Action/Clinical Use Drug/Chemical

17. Plant Based Drugs and Medicines Citrus species Capillary fragility Hesperidin Hemsleya amabilis Bacillary dysentery Hemsleyadin Gossypium species Male contraceptive Gossypol Glycyrrhiza glabra Sweetener, Addison's disease Glycyrrhizin Octea glaziovii Antidepressant Glasiovine Glaucium flavum Antitussive Glaucine Simarouba glauca Amoebicide Glaucarubin Digitalis purpurea Cardiotonic Gitalin Lycoris squamigera Cholinesterase inhibitor Galanthamine Podophyllum peltatum Antitumor agent Etoposide Plant Source Action/Clinical Use Drug/Chemical

18. Plant Based Drugs and Medicines Gaultheria procumbens Rubefacient Methyl salicylate Mentha species Rubefacient Menthol Lobelia inflata Smoking deterrant, respiratory stimulant a-Lobeline Tabebuia sp. Anticancer, antitumor Lapachol Digitalis lanata Cardiotonic Lanatosides A, B, C Ammi visaga Bronchodilator Kheltin Piper methysticum Tranquillizer Kawain Digenea simplex Ascaricide Kaibic acud Camptotheca acuminata Anticancer, antitumor agent Irinotecan Hyoscyamus niger Anticholinergic Hyoscyamine Plant Source Action/Clinical Use Drug/Chemical

19. Plant Based Drugs and Medicines Carica papaya Proteolytic, mucolytic Papain Coptis japonica Antipyretic, detoxicant Palmatine Sophora pschycarpa Oxytocic Pachycarpine Strophanthus gratus Cardiotonic Ouabain Papaver somniferum Antitussive Noscapine Larrea divaricata Antioxidant Nordihydroguaiaretic acid Nicotiana tabacum Insecticide Nicotine Andrographis paniculata Dysentery Neoandrographolide Papaver somniferum Analgesic Morphine Crotalaria sessiliflora Antitumor agent (topical) Monocrotaline Plant Source Action/Clinical Use Drug/Chemical

20. Plant Based Drugs and Medicines Cinchona ledgeriana Antiarrhythmic Quinidine Ephedra sinica Sympathomimetic Pseudoephedrine, nor- Ephedra sinica Sympathomimetic Pseudoephredrine* Veratrum album Antihypertensives Protoveratrines A, B Podophyllum peltatum Antitumor anticancer agent Podophyllotoxin Several plants Expectorant Pinitol Pilocarpus jaborandi Parasympathomimetic Pilocarpine Anamirta cocculus Analeptic Picrotoxin Physostigma venenosum Cholinesterase Inhibitor Physostigmine Hydrangea macrophylla Sweetner Phyllodulcin Plant Source Action/Clinical Use Drug/Chemical

21. Plant Based Drugs and Medicines Citrus species Capillary fragility Rutin Stephania sinica Analagesic, sedative, traquillizer Rotundine Lonchocarpus nicou Piscicide, Insecticide Rotenone Rorippa indica Antitussive Rorifone Rhododendron molle Antihypertensive, tranquillizer Rhomitoxin Rauvolfia serpentina Antihypertensive, tranquillizer Reserpine Rauvolfia serpentina Antihypertensive, tranquillizer Rescinnamine Quisqualis indica Anthelmintic Qulsqualic acid Plant Source Action/Clinical Use Drug/Chemical

22. Plant Based Drugs and Medicines Strychnos nux-vomica CNS stimulant Strychnine Stevia rebaudiana Sweetner Stevioside Cytisus scoparius Oxytocic Sparteine Silybum marianum Antihepatotoxic Silymarin Cassia species Laxative Sennosides A, B Datura species Sedative Scopolamine Urginea maritima Cardiotonic Scillarin A Artemisia maritma Ascaricide Santonin Sanguinaria canadensis Dental plaque inhibitor Sanguinarine Salix alba Analgesic Salicin Plant Source Action/Clinical Use Drug/Chemical

23. Plant Based Drugs and Medicines Thymus vulgaris Antifungal (topical) Thymol Theobroma cacao and others Diuretic, brochodilator Theophylline Theobroma cacao Diuretic, vasodilator Theobromine Stephania tetrandra Antihypertensive Tetrandrine Corydalis ambigua Analgesic, sedative, traquillizer Tetrahydropalmatine Cannabis sativa Antiemetic, decrease occular tension a- Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Podophyllum peltatum Antitumor agent Teniposide Taxus brevifolia Antitumor agent Taxol Plant Source Action/Clinical Use Drug/Chemical

24. Plant Based Drugs and Medicines Daphne genkwa Abortifacient Yuanhuadine Daphne genkwa Abortifacient Yuanhuacine Pausinystalia yohimbe Aphrodisiac Yohimbine Catharanthus roseus Antitumor, Antileukemic agent Vincristine Catharanthus roseus Antitumor, Antileukemic agent Vinblastine Vinca minor Cerebral stimulant Vasicine Valeriana officinalis Sedative Valapotriates Chondodendron tomentosum Skeletal muscle relaxant Tubocurarine Trichosanthes kirilowii Abortifacient Trichosanthin Camptotheca acuminata Antitumor, anticancer agent Topotecan Plant Source Action/Clinical Use Drug/Chemical

25. The New Drug Development Process (Steps from Test Tube to New Drug Application Review)

51. IND Review Process

52. NDA Review Process

53. Generic Drug (ANDA) Review Process

54. OTC Drug Monograph Review Process

55. Thank you for.....