This document discusses terms related to light frame construction. It defines common wood framing elements such as foundations, floor joists, subfloors, studs, plates, sheathing, siding, braces, and how they are used in single and multi-story construction. Elements like sole plates anchor walls to subfloors, studs form wall structure, top plates increase load capacity, and sheathing acts as the first outer wall layer. Braces reinforce against racking forces. Multi-story construction repeats the joist and platform construction process for each additional level.

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13. Rafters
Purlins
Siding
Girt
Girders
Braces
Poles

26. BUILDING TYPESBUILDING TYPES

28. *Concrete or masonry wall that
supports the building.
*Must either extend below frost depth
or be engineered for above frost line.
*Should include anchor bolts to attach
building to foundation.

29. *Light Frame Construction Terms
Foundation
*Wooden member attached to the foundation.
*Pressure treated lumber recommended.

30. •The floor joists provide the
support for the floor.
•Size and spacing determined by
the designed floor load.
•Rim joist attaches to end of floor
joists to fill in the space and tie
the ends together.

31. The sub floor is attached to the floor
joists.
Plywood, MDF or particle board is
commonly used.
Concrete sub floors are also used.

32. The sole plate is fastened to the end
of the studs before it attached to the
sub floor.
Anchors the wall to the sub floor.

33. The studs form the structure for the
walls.
Spacing and size is determined by the
loads, desired insulation value and uses
of the building.
Different stud arrangements are used to
attach the walls together at the corners.

34. *Light Frame Construction Terms Top Plates
*The first top plate attached to the ends of
the studs.
*The second top plate is nailed to the first
one.
*It is used to increase the load bearing
capacity.
*Note: the plates overlap at the corners to
help tie the walls together.

37. *The purpose of the brace is to
reinforce the building ability to resist
“racking” forces.
*Racking forces are parallel to the
wall.
*Braces are set in the edge of the
studs.
*This method is not very common
today.

38. Sheathing is the first layer of material on the outside
surface of the walls.
Sheathing may be sheet material, plywood, MDF.
etc. or dimensioned lumber.
Sheet material is more common.

39. Wooden siding boards are the traditional material
for the outside surface of the wall.
Vinyl and other materials can also be used to
enhance weather resistance.

41. *When the building is multistory, the
parts from the joists up is repeated.
*In platform construction, the
process repeats for each floor.
*Joists are placed to form the ceiling
for the first story and the floor for
the second story.

42. Light Frame Construction Terms
Second Story Sub Floor

43. Light Frame Construction Terms
Second Story Sole Plate

44. Light Frame Construction Terms
Secondary Story Studs

45. Light Frame Construction Terms Second
Story Top Plate