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1. Jacob wotton/q10803998/arc401
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3. Jacob wotton/q10803998/arc401
For a building with floor spans of 4.5m and roof spans of 9m I feel a strip foundation would
be suitable due to the conditions, for a ground supported foundation, on a firm soil the load
category is D which will make the minimum width for the foundation 600mm, as this will
provide the correct load bearing capacity. The thickness for the foundation is 150mm as this
will provide a suitable resistance to the load, as a strip foundation would be used on a firm
soil I feel the minimum foundation thickness can be used which is 150mm. There would be a
lip of 150mm either side of the join between the wall and foundation to provide the building
with resistance to turning. The depth of the foundation will be 500mm as this is the middle of
the recommended range of 400mm-600mm as quoted in the “Good Building Guide for Sizing
Simple Foundations in my Course page”. This is the page in which shows the suitable load
bearing capability and foundation sizes. The use of strip foundations on a firm soil is In
conjunction with the approved document A which states that “a building shall be
constructed so that if the ground moves by any of the following swelling, shrinkage,
freezing of the sub soil, land soil or subsidence the buildings stability will not be effected”
the depth of the foundation will be suitable so that if any of the foreseen events happen
then the building wont undergo huge shift in its stability and integrate. Firm clay soils
tend to suffer volume change based on their location, seasonal conditions and vegetation
around the site. e.g. if there is a large tree on the site before the rate of change in the
subsoil will be more than in other parts of the site and this may cause expansion or
shrinkage in the certain area producing heave or spots of uneven load bearing capacity.
And the firm soil may undergo swelling I times of server downpours and shrinkage/
cracking in times of severe drought. These are things that have had an effect on my choice
of foundations and there sizes
Pic (1)
(Bird, 2013, CTS founds1 slide 16)
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4. Jacob wotton/q10803998/arc401
A cold roof is a roof in which the insulation is placed on the top or between the ceiling
joists/roof rafters the problem with laying the insulation between the rafters is that there tends
to be a lot of waste product. The best method for laying the insulation is to lay striped on top
of the rafters in both directions, and extending and overlapping the insulation in the wall, this
will increase the amount of heat held in the dwelling below. In a cold roof the temperature in
a cold roof tends to be colder than the dwelling temperature or the same as the outside air
temperature the reason that the roof is this temperature is due to the high level of ventilation
in the roof. A disadvantage of this method is that any service pipes or water storage systems
must me insulate to stop the elements such as the cold causing damage threw freezing There
is a high level of ventilation to prevent water vapors settling and forming condensation, this
will eliminate the necessity for a damp proof course, and it turn will reduce the cost of
production. The ventilation must be in compliance with the NHBC2003 standards and part F
of the building regulations, which requires the use of cross ventilation to reduce the amount
of still air in the roof space there is no level of excess ventilation, so in the production stage
of the property this must be done smartly as if there is too much cold air then the temperature
of the roof space will be lower, this may result in the lower temp of the building below due to
more heat transfer.
Pic 2
(Emmitt and gorse, 2010 pg. 353, fig 6.50)
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5. Jacob wotton/q10803998/arc401
Pic 3
(Emmitt and Gorse, 2010 pg. 351, fig 6.52)
Warm roofing is different than cold roofing in a number of ways firstly the way in which the
insulation is laid and set up, in a warm roof the insulation is applied to the pitched section,
covering the largest surface area keeping the warm air pocket from the dwelling in a more
efficient manor the reason for the desire to trap heat in the most effective way possible is
warm roofs don't have insulation below on the roof rafters, this can be compared to in a cold
roof where the insulation would be placed on the roof rafters and there is much less still air
due to the rapid transfer of air in the cold roofing. The temperature in the warm roof be
warmer than the outside air due to the rising air from the dwelling which will be trapped in
the roof cavity. The insulation is laid on top of the rafters which requires it to have a bit of
rigidity, the reason the insulation is laid this way is to increase the amount of useable space in
the roof which will be useful if the roof area were to be changed into a room, the method of
insulation laying will reduce the chances of any cold bridging which would lead to damp
build up. Unlike cold roofing which uses high levels of ventilation to keep the chance of
damp build up to a minimum. The way in which the warm roofing is assembled is also shown
in the picture above, the method is simple, trap the air and make the air as still as possible.
Due to the DPC and pours membranes the air will warm up and won’t create damp.
Comparison between that of a warm roof and a cold roof can be seen in the pictures above
with the picture on the bottom been the warm roofing and the cold roofing picture on the top.
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6. Jacob wotton/q10803998/arc401
F, 1.
The method in which the first floor would be produced is flooring method called a platform
floor, maybe referred to as a party floor as it is separating to separate dwellings. The way in
which this works is the timber joist which provide the structure and the core or the floor run
across the length of the building, these have plasterboard joined to them to provide the roof to
the floor below, this will then have a layer of absorbent mineral fiber 100mm thick placed on
top of the plasterboard. On top of the joists the flooring is played, this is 18mm thick of
tongue and groove chipboard glued together this is the going to be spot bonded to 19mm
thick plasterboard which will then be laid on a 25mm thick resilient layer of mineral material
This is then laid on the floor base which is 12mm thick this will then be nailed to the timber
joists, a fiber may be placed down the side of the flooring if there is any small gaps below
skirting boards. The chosen finish can then be placed on the top of the tongue and groove
chipboard. The production of a floor in-between to residential dwellings will be effected by
the choice or furnishings in the properties for example carpet will absorb much more sound
than a solid wooden floor due to its acoustic properties. The level of sound transfer from the
outside of the building can be reduced by filling the gap in the platform floor with an
insulation material, this will reduce the amount of acoustic interference
(Emmitt and Gorse, 2010 pg. 127, fig 4.36)
F, 2.
The method in which the first floor will be connected to an external wall uses floor joist
hangers which are built into the wall and the timber floor joists can then hang from them, a
regular cavity wall would be used, this is a block work wall with a layer of insulation on the
outside with a sufficient air gap the reason for the air gap is to keep moisture out of the
building, then the brickwork wall is the outer leaf, the use of the joist hangers means there is
no requirement for DPC or for the block work to be cut/altered to fit the joists in place. The
use of the joist hangers will also allow for the roofs load to be transferred through the block
work wall and support the floors load at the same time. The reason why I used the hangers
instead of building into the block work is that the production time and accuracy can be
increase, due to the pre formed holders been brought to the site and then been attached in
place until the wall level increases in the build phase instead of having to stop the whole
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7. Jacob wotton/q10803998/arc401
production rate to cut/ organize where the timber beams need to be placed.
Pic
(Emmitt and Gorse, 2010 pg123, fig 4.4)
F, 3.
The way in which the floor and the internal wall will be connected is simple and there is no
real joints, the wall that would be used is called a party wall as this would be separating two
separate dwellings. The flooring joists would run from the external wall to the internal wall
then it would continue 150mm past the wall then is would stop and this would provide a
sufficient strength for the flooring. The joists from the other side would also do the same but
the floor joists would only touch from the side no tip to tip so there would be sufficient
strength in both dwellings. The level of sound proofing between each dwelling needs to be in
compliance with the building regulations part E schedule 1 “walls which separate two
different dwellings should have reasonable resistance to airborne sound.” The level of noise
transfer will depend on the choice of wall used solid brick with plasterboard on both sides
will not provide as much noise protection as a cavity wall with plaster on both sides so this
needs to be chosen correctly.
Pic (Bird, 2013, CTS floors 2, slide 7)
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8. Jacob wotton/q10803998/arc401
The way in which I have drawn the industrial site represents a building that maybe used as
storage of machinery, this means that there were a few things that needed to be done in the
production of the design, the floor must have been a suitable choice to withstand the load of
machinery such as tools and vehicles, I would have used a solid concrete floor this will mean
there wouldn’t be sections of the ground to sink, due to the uneven weight distribution in the
storage area. The choice of foundations that I will be using is a pad foundation I’m using
them because I feel that they will provide the maximum strength for the production of an
industrial site. They will also provide a strong base for the steel coulombs which will be the
spin of the building. There will be a small amount of brickwork at the bed of the structure this
is to provide a sufficient gap so the base of the wall panels is not going to be in a position
where water could sit on it and corrode / erode the base. The wall panels would then run up
the side of the steel columns on the outside of the cladding rails to form the outer shell of the
wall. The cladding would then be placed in the cladding rails to provide a base for the inside
of the structure to be developed if it were needed but as it’s a site for storage I don’t feel this
is particular important. This would then continue to the roofing section where the end of the
steel beam would be connected to the roofing section with a weld or a bolt. The roof would
have a few sections to it the first would be the horizontal sections which will run the span of
the roof. There will also be sections of steel roof trusses to support the upper section of the
roof support which will make the base for the purlin cleat. The way in which the roof trusses
are held to the main roof structure is with a simple spot weld as this will be more than
efficient for the material begin used. The purlin is then placed on the purlin cleat and this
purlin will run the length of the building and allows for the sections of roof panels to be
attached. The panels will run the entire length of the sloping side of the roof and a little bit
more to create an overhang, so that any water flowing down the roof will flow straight into
the gutter pipes instead of flowing onto the building.
The material used on the primary sections will be steel columns in either I or H shapes as
these will provide the best strength for the building, the reason I have chosen to make the
structure out of steel is that, steel has a high capability to perform under extreme tension and
compression and will also stand the test of time and weather due to its resistant properties.
This would be a much better choice instead of say timber because it would be able to be
produced too much larger sections and also has the ability to be imperfection free due to the
way that it is man made.
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9. Jacob wotton/q10803998/arc401
(Bird, 2013, CTS structures, slide 11)
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10. Jacob wotton/q10803998/arc401
Reference
Bird V, 2013; Simple spread foundations accessed at
http://mycourse.solent.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=7091, accessed 12/12/13
Emmitt S and Gorse C, 2010; Barry’s Introduction to Construction of Buildings; Wiley-
Blackwell
Emmitt S and Gorse C, 2010; Barry’s Introduction to Construction of Buildings; Wiley-
Blackwell
Emmitt S and Gorse C, 2010; Barry’s Introduction to Construction of Buildings; Wiley-
Blackwell
Emmitt S and Gorse C, 2010; Barry’s Introduction to Construction of Buildings; Wiley-
Blackwell
Bird V, 2013; simple structures 2 accessed at http://mycourse.solent.ac.uk/course/view.php?
id=7091, accessed 12/12/13
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