Braking of three phase induction motors is required in many industrial applications. This paper introduces braking of three phase induction motors using particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. The objective is to determine the optimum values of the applied voltage and frequency during braking to stop the motor in a certain time with minimum braking energy losses to limit any excessive thermal heating. The proposed technique is important and more useful in applications of repeated braking cycles. The results are compared with that obtained using plugging braking method and it's found that the proposed technique gives lower braking energy and shorter braking time. The braking energy losses with the proposed method are about 20% of the plugging braking energy losses with the same braking time. The proposed method determines the variation of optimal values of applied voltage and frequency to have a certain braking time of three phase induction motor at a certain load torque with minimum braking energy losses. The characteristics of the motor are simulated using SIMULINK/MATLAB.
Minimization of Starting Energy Loss of Three Phase Induction Motors Based on...IJPEDS-IAES
The purpose of this paper is to minimize energy losses consumed by three
phase induction motors during starting with wide range of load torque from
no load to full load. This will limit the temperature rise and allows for more
numbers of starting during a definite time. Starting energy losses
minimization is achieved by controlling the rate of increasing voltage
and frequency to start induction motor under certain load torque within a
definite starting time. Optimal voltage and frequency are obtained by particle
swarm optimization (PSO) tool according to load torque. Then, outputs of the
PSO are used to design a neuro-fuzzy controller to control the output voltage
and frequency of the inverter during starting for each load torque. The
starting characteristics using proposed method are compared to that of direct
on line and V/F methods. A complete model of the system is developed using
SIMULINK/MATLAB.
Current mode controlled fuzzy logic based inter leaved cuk converter SVM inve...Dr.NAGARAJAN. S
Recent developments in intelligent control methods and power electronics have amended PhotoVoltaic (PV) based DC to AC converters related to AC drives. Interleaved cuk converter and inverter find their way in interconnecting PV and Induction Motor Drive (IMD). Simulation studies were done for closed loop InterLeaved Cuk Converter and Inverter fed Induction Motor Drive (ILCCIIMD) systems with conventional and intelligent controllers.
These studies were carried out using MATLAB simulink based models for ILCCIIMD. For production of DC- voltage in the input of the inverter, PV fed InterLeaved Cuk-regulator is recommended. Cuk-regulator is utilized for enhancing the output of the PV system. Closed loop Proportional-Integral (PI), Proportional- Resonant(PR) and Fuzzy-Logic(FL) controlled ILCCIIMD systems are simulated and their outcome like dy- namic responses and torque ripple are related for an Electric Vehicle(EV) application. The proposed IL- CCIIMD system with FLC is found to have better dynamic characteristics and lesser torque ripple when compared to the system with conventional controller.
Three phase induction motors are complex electro-mechanical devices widely used in most industrial applications. Induction motors are susceptible to many types of fault in industrial application such as rotor bar broken fault, stator inter turn fault, eccentricity fault. Out of these faults eccentricity is very specific in squirrel cage induction motor. If the initial stage of motor failure is not identified will cause the severe damage and production shutdowns. This paper presents the simulations of eccentricity fault detection in three phase squirrel cage induction motor under various load conditions for healthy and faulty conditions. In this paper, dynamic model of induction motor is developed using CAD package called MagNet for static and transient 2D analysis. The various machine parameters like stator current, magnetic flux density, and magnetic torque are calculated and their values are compared under healthy and faulty conditions.
Matlab Based Analysis of 3-Ø Self-Excited Induction Generator with Nonlinear ...IOSR Journals
This document presents a MATLAB simulation of a 3-phase self-excited induction generator (SEIG) supplying nonlinear loads. It describes the steady-state analysis and modeling of the SEIG using MATLAB/Simulink. Tests including no-load, blocked rotor, and DC tests are modeled to determine the generator's equivalent circuit parameters. Nonlinear loads including uncontrolled and controlled rectifiers are also modeled. Harmonic analysis is performed on the generator voltages and currents using FFT to determine the harmonic distortion from the nonlinear loads. The simulations show that the developed models can accurately analyze the SEIG's performance when supplying nonlinear loads.
Detection of Broken Bars in Three Phase Squirrel Cage Induction Motor using F...Dr.NAGARAJAN. S
Finite element method is more precise than the winding function approach, as it is based on the actual geometry of the machine and the machine model can easily be modified in order to study the effect of faults on the machine’s performance. Accurate models of the machine under healthy and faulty conditions are developed. This paper presents simulations of broken bars detection in a three phase squirrel cage induction motor under no load, half load and full load conditions for two and eight broken bars. The analysis is done using MagNet.
This document summarizes research on using a STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) to eliminate harmonics when a Singly Excited Induction Generator (SEIG) feeds single-phase or three-phase induction motor loads. The STATCOM is connected at the Point of Common Coupling to inject compensating currents and maintain sinusoidal source currents with less than 2% total harmonic distortion. Simulation results show the STATCOM successfully regulates the power factor near unity on the source side while reducing harmonics, even as the load draws non-sinusoidal currents with over 27% distortion. Both single-phase and three-phase induction motor loads were able to operate at constant speed and torque with the STATCOM compensation.
Induction motor modelling and applications reportUmesh Dadde
This document discusses induction motor modeling and applications. It begins with an introduction to electrical drives and induction motors, explaining how they are commonly used with control algorithms and power converters. It then discusses the derivation of induction motor equations and modeling approaches, including the constant voltage/frequency principle and transformation theory. The document covers steady state equations, inverter operation, and simulation results. It examines induction motor components, principles of operation, and developing dynamic equations to model and analyze induction motor behavior.
Performance Analysis of Brushless DC Motor under Different Loading Conditionsijtsrd
This paper deal with the speed response characteristics analysis of brushless dc motor under different load variations. BLDC drive are widely used motors now a days due to its good speed control characteristics and high efficiency which improves the performance of motor. PI controller is used in motor operation to maintain the constant speed. The analysis is carried out in three different type of load condition which are given as under load, rated load and overload conditions. The performance of BLDC motor is observed through speed, current, back emf and torque response. To evaluate the result appropriate value of Kp and Ki of controller has been taken in order to get the better result for characteristics parameter of the speed response of BLDC motor. The result are then calculated mathematically and analysed according to the load variations. The required model has been developed using Simulink Matlab and speed torque characteristics graph is also analysed using PI controller. Ishita Gupta | Akash Varshney "Performance Analysis of Brushless DC Motor under Different Loading Conditions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30462.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/30462/performance-analysis-of-brushless-dc-motor-under-different-loading-conditions/ishita-gupta
Minimization of Starting Energy Loss of Three Phase Induction Motors Based on...IJPEDS-IAES
The purpose of this paper is to minimize energy losses consumed by three
phase induction motors during starting with wide range of load torque from
no load to full load. This will limit the temperature rise and allows for more
numbers of starting during a definite time. Starting energy losses
minimization is achieved by controlling the rate of increasing voltage
and frequency to start induction motor under certain load torque within a
definite starting time. Optimal voltage and frequency are obtained by particle
swarm optimization (PSO) tool according to load torque. Then, outputs of the
PSO are used to design a neuro-fuzzy controller to control the output voltage
and frequency of the inverter during starting for each load torque. The
starting characteristics using proposed method are compared to that of direct
on line and V/F methods. A complete model of the system is developed using
SIMULINK/MATLAB.
Current mode controlled fuzzy logic based inter leaved cuk converter SVM inve...Dr.NAGARAJAN. S
Recent developments in intelligent control methods and power electronics have amended PhotoVoltaic (PV) based DC to AC converters related to AC drives. Interleaved cuk converter and inverter find their way in interconnecting PV and Induction Motor Drive (IMD). Simulation studies were done for closed loop InterLeaved Cuk Converter and Inverter fed Induction Motor Drive (ILCCIIMD) systems with conventional and intelligent controllers.
These studies were carried out using MATLAB simulink based models for ILCCIIMD. For production of DC- voltage in the input of the inverter, PV fed InterLeaved Cuk-regulator is recommended. Cuk-regulator is utilized for enhancing the output of the PV system. Closed loop Proportional-Integral (PI), Proportional- Resonant(PR) and Fuzzy-Logic(FL) controlled ILCCIIMD systems are simulated and their outcome like dy- namic responses and torque ripple are related for an Electric Vehicle(EV) application. The proposed IL- CCIIMD system with FLC is found to have better dynamic characteristics and lesser torque ripple when compared to the system with conventional controller.
Three phase induction motors are complex electro-mechanical devices widely used in most industrial applications. Induction motors are susceptible to many types of fault in industrial application such as rotor bar broken fault, stator inter turn fault, eccentricity fault. Out of these faults eccentricity is very specific in squirrel cage induction motor. If the initial stage of motor failure is not identified will cause the severe damage and production shutdowns. This paper presents the simulations of eccentricity fault detection in three phase squirrel cage induction motor under various load conditions for healthy and faulty conditions. In this paper, dynamic model of induction motor is developed using CAD package called MagNet for static and transient 2D analysis. The various machine parameters like stator current, magnetic flux density, and magnetic torque are calculated and their values are compared under healthy and faulty conditions.
Matlab Based Analysis of 3-Ø Self-Excited Induction Generator with Nonlinear ...IOSR Journals
This document presents a MATLAB simulation of a 3-phase self-excited induction generator (SEIG) supplying nonlinear loads. It describes the steady-state analysis and modeling of the SEIG using MATLAB/Simulink. Tests including no-load, blocked rotor, and DC tests are modeled to determine the generator's equivalent circuit parameters. Nonlinear loads including uncontrolled and controlled rectifiers are also modeled. Harmonic analysis is performed on the generator voltages and currents using FFT to determine the harmonic distortion from the nonlinear loads. The simulations show that the developed models can accurately analyze the SEIG's performance when supplying nonlinear loads.
Detection of Broken Bars in Three Phase Squirrel Cage Induction Motor using F...Dr.NAGARAJAN. S
Finite element method is more precise than the winding function approach, as it is based on the actual geometry of the machine and the machine model can easily be modified in order to study the effect of faults on the machine’s performance. Accurate models of the machine under healthy and faulty conditions are developed. This paper presents simulations of broken bars detection in a three phase squirrel cage induction motor under no load, half load and full load conditions for two and eight broken bars. The analysis is done using MagNet.
This document summarizes research on using a STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) to eliminate harmonics when a Singly Excited Induction Generator (SEIG) feeds single-phase or three-phase induction motor loads. The STATCOM is connected at the Point of Common Coupling to inject compensating currents and maintain sinusoidal source currents with less than 2% total harmonic distortion. Simulation results show the STATCOM successfully regulates the power factor near unity on the source side while reducing harmonics, even as the load draws non-sinusoidal currents with over 27% distortion. Both single-phase and three-phase induction motor loads were able to operate at constant speed and torque with the STATCOM compensation.
Induction motor modelling and applications reportUmesh Dadde
This document discusses induction motor modeling and applications. It begins with an introduction to electrical drives and induction motors, explaining how they are commonly used with control algorithms and power converters. It then discusses the derivation of induction motor equations and modeling approaches, including the constant voltage/frequency principle and transformation theory. The document covers steady state equations, inverter operation, and simulation results. It examines induction motor components, principles of operation, and developing dynamic equations to model and analyze induction motor behavior.
Performance Analysis of Brushless DC Motor under Different Loading Conditionsijtsrd
This paper deal with the speed response characteristics analysis of brushless dc motor under different load variations. BLDC drive are widely used motors now a days due to its good speed control characteristics and high efficiency which improves the performance of motor. PI controller is used in motor operation to maintain the constant speed. The analysis is carried out in three different type of load condition which are given as under load, rated load and overload conditions. The performance of BLDC motor is observed through speed, current, back emf and torque response. To evaluate the result appropriate value of Kp and Ki of controller has been taken in order to get the better result for characteristics parameter of the speed response of BLDC motor. The result are then calculated mathematically and analysed according to the load variations. The required model has been developed using Simulink Matlab and speed torque characteristics graph is also analysed using PI controller. Ishita Gupta | Akash Varshney "Performance Analysis of Brushless DC Motor under Different Loading Conditions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30462.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/30462/performance-analysis-of-brushless-dc-motor-under-different-loading-conditions/ishita-gupta
SURVEY OF CONVENTIONAL &NEW GENERATION ADVANCED D.C.BRAKING SYSTEM OF 3-PHASE...IJCI JOURNAL
Any variable frequency drive requires an efficient and controlled braking system. Therefore, different braking techniques have been the subject area of researchers to enhance the performance as well as overall life of the drives. In this paper, a literature study is made of various existing braking methods, focused on induction motor (IM) drive performance. The braking methods are compared and summarized based on speed range, braking time and efficiency of 3-phase squirrel cage IM drive. Finally, an advancedD.C. braking technique is presented where braking torque in terms of varyingD.C.signal is injected into the stator windings using fully controlled Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation pulses (SVPWM). A method has been described for providing occasional fast, smooth and controlled braking torque from a non-regenerative VFD, without additional power circuits. Simulations are performed in MATLAB/Simulink, tested and validated on Digital signal processor (DSP) based drive. Test results are presented in this paper.
Computation of Equivalent Moment of Inertia Due to Controlled Frequency in Ca...IDES Editor
In order to eliminate bulky flywheels from the
process machine having loads with severe torque fluctuations
can be driven by an induction motor with control of input
frequency using VVVf inverters. Situation of rise in load
torque can be met by reduction in frequency at that instant.
Situation of sudden reduction in load torque can be met by
increase in frequency, at that instant. This paper deals with
computations for such cases using the graphical relation
between torque and speed, finally leading to a plot of
instantaneous motor torque as a function of time. Based on
this experimental work is carried out by giving reduced
frequency at the instant applying peak load.
A Comparative Study of GA tuned and PSO tuned PI Controller Based Speed Contr...paperpublications3
This document presents a comparative study of using genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) techniques to tune the parameters of a PI controller for speed control of a brushless DC motor. It describes brushless DC motors and their advantages over conventional DC motors. It also provides details on PI controller tuning and explains the PSO and GA optimization algorithms. The results show that both PSO and GA techniques were able to optimize the PI controller parameters to improve the motor speed response. However, GA produced a slightly better fitness value than PSO based on the integral absolute error performance criterion used in the study.
Theory and Analysis of Three Phase Induction Motor using Written Pole TechnologyIOSRJEEE
Three phase induction motors are employed in almost all the industries because of its simple construction and easy operation. Efficiency of the induction motor is affected by its fixed losses and variable losses which mainly depend on the input supply voltage and load current respectively. An attempt is made to minimize the iron losses by using the permanent magnet ferrite. A new Three Phase Induction Motor Using Written Pole Technology is proposed in this paper whose stator consists of two three phase windings accommodated in the same core and rotor is used as squirrel cage rotor with ferrite material on its periphery. Shaft loads are categorized as low, medium and high, Stator coils are energized through a controller based on the load demand. When compared to conventional induction motor, the motor efficiency and power factor are improved. Another approach of this machine is that the ferrite layer on the rotor periphery will reduce the motor losses which results in improving the motor efficiency. In this motor, one windings (main winding) is designed for the 238 volt ac voltage while the second winding (exciter winding) is designed for 8 volt ac voltage. Experimental result ensures the considerable increase in the efficiency and power factor.
Indirect Control of a Doubly-Fed Induction Machine for Wind Energy ConversionIAES-IJPEDS
In this paper, a grid connected wind power generation scheme using a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is studied. The aims of this paper are: The modelling and simulation of the operating in two quadrants (torque-speed) of a DFIG, the analysis employs a stator flux vector control algorithm to control rotor current, the system enables optimal speed tracking for maximum energy capture from the wind and high performance active and reactive power regulation using the PI regulator. The simulation calculations were achieved ®®
using MATLAB -SIMULINK package. Lastly, the obtained results are presented, for different operating points, illustrating the good control performances of the system
ER Publication,
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Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
In this paper a thermal energy harvesting power supply using startup circuit for pacemaker is presented. The designed circuit does not need any external reference battery. The startup circuit includes pre-startup circuits and a startup boost converter. The pre-startup circuits are used to achieve a high efficiency and boost up the startup voltage to other circuit to operate successfully. A forward body bias technique is used to reduce a MOS threshold voltage. The startup boost converter is used to deliver the available power to the load based on maximum power point tracking (MPPT) scheme. According to LTSPICE simulation results, a minimum voltage of 40-60mV is needed for the circuit to startup and power up the device with load of 50kilo ohm. A maximum power of 120uW can be obtained from the output of the boost converter circuit.
In industrial electric drive systems, it is common to find objects that need to solve the problem of angular position control, moving the object from one position to another asymptotically with no over-correction and guarantee. calculation of maximum fast impact. This is a multi-target optimization problem with many different solutions. This paper presents a method of constructing a PMSM motor position controller with a variable structure using dSPACE 1104 card. The system consists of a position control loop with a variable structure that is an outer loop and a speed control loop degree is the inner loop. In which, the speed adjustment loop uses adaptive law to compensate for uncertain functions and build a sliding mode observation to estimate load torque, friction and noise. The results of the simulation study were verified on Matlab-Simulink environment and experimented on dSPACE 1104 card to check the correctness of the built controller algorithm. The research results in the paper are the basis for the evaluation and setting up of control algorithms, design of electric drive systems in industry and the military.
Design, Modelling& Simulation of Double Sided Linear Segmented Switched Reluc...IOSR Journals
This document presents the design, modeling, and simulation of a double-sided linear segmented switched reluctance motor (LSSRM). The LSSRM is modeled using MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results show current, inductance, torque, and speed characteristics. A 6/4 LSSRM is designed and compared to a conventional SRM and segmented SRM (SSRM) of the same power rating. The LSSRM design uses concentric windings instead of full pitch windings, reducing copper usage and weight. Simulation results validate the LSSRM model and control strategy. The LSSRM provides higher torque than SRM and SSRM for the same frame size due to increased aligned inductance.
The hardware implementation of sensorless brushless direct current motor drive incorporating H-infinity control strategy with optimized weights by particle swarm optimization in the speed control is carried out in this work. The methodology involved in the design of brushless direct current (BLDC) motor control with sensorless position detection technique, the design of H-infinity speed controller, steps involved in particle swarm optimization for optimizing coefficients of its weights and the hardware implementation is discussed in detail in this paper. Texas Instruments microcontroller board C2000 Delfino Launchpad LAUNCHXL F28377S and driver BOOSTXL DRV8301 are used for realization of the speed controller. The code is developed using C2000 hardware support package in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. A comprehensive performance analysis is accomplished during starting of the motor and during the fast application and removal of load. This strategy is found to be robust resulting in faster load disturbance rejection and better reference speed tracking. The experimental results of the proposed strategy are compared with that of conventional proportional-integral (PI) controller. The time domain parameters are also compared. It is found that the proposed strategy exhibits better performance characteristics during transients and sudden disturbances in load.
Load Frequency Control of DFIG-isolated and Grid Connected ModeIJAPEJOURNAL
Wind energy is one of the extraordinary promising sources of renewable energy due to its clean character, free availability and economic viability. A Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) feeds power from both the stator and the rotor windings at speeds above synchronous speed of the machine. This paper deals the load frequency control of doubly fed induction generator in isolated mode and grid connected mode. The wind turbine model is obtained using MATLAB/ SIMULINK which consists of DFIG, rotor side rectifier, grid side inverter and grid. This model is controlled by conventional controllerand proposed Load Frequency Control (LFC) method. The results are proven that frequency control gives better results in all the aspects
Modeling and simulation of the induction motor feed by matrix converterAnurag Choudhary
This document discusses modeling and simulation of an induction motor fed by a matrix converter. It provides background on direct and indirect AC-AC converters, with matrix converters being a direct converter. It describes the components and operation of a matrix converter, including modulation techniques. It also gives an overview of induction motors and their benefits. The document outlines modeling the matrix converter, induction motor, and their interaction. It concludes the matrix converter suppresses harmonics, allows regeneration, and improves power factor compared to other drive systems.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Speed Control System for BLDC Motor by using Direct Back EMF Detection Mathodijtsrd
BLDC motors are used in many industrial and traction applications due to high efficiency, low maintenance and high torque. For good performance of BLDC motors, the accurate knowledge of the rotor position is required. The need for the rotor position information in BLDC motors have been satisfied by use of some form of rotor position sensors. But to reduce cost, complexity and also to improve reliability of the system, sensor less drive system is preferred. In this paper, the development of sensor less control system for BLDC motor using a direct back EMF detection method is presented and simulation for proposed system is done with the help of MATLAB SIMULINK. Soe Sandar Aung | Thet Naing Htun "Speed Control System for BLDC Motor by using Direct Back EMF Detection Mathod" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26624.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/26624/speed-control-system-for-bldc-motor-by-using-direct-back-emf-detection-mathod/soe-sandar-aung
This document presents a simulation-based V/F speed control method for a three-phase induction motor. It discusses various speed control methods for induction motors and explains why constant V/F control is commonly used. It describes modeling a PWM inverter in Simulink to generate PWM pulses that are fed to a three-phase induction motor model. Simulation results show that open-loop V/F control can maintain constant torque over various rotor speeds by varying the voltage proportionally to frequency. Microcontrollers are discussed as a way to implement complex closed-loop speed control techniques. The document evaluates the simulation of open-loop V/F control for rated, above rated, and below rated motor speeds.
Design Calculation of Three Phase Self Excited Induction Generator Driven by ...ijtsrd
This document discusses the design calculation of a three-phase self-excited induction generator driven by a wind turbine. It presents the dq-modeling approach for transient state analysis of the induction generator and includes calculations of total impedance regulation, required capacitance for excitation, efficiency, and torque required to drive a 3.6 kW induction generator. The calculations are based on parameters of the 3.6 kW generator including stator and rotor resistances and inductances. Equivalent circuits are presented and curves of total impedance, capacitance, and efficiency versus slip are shown based on simulations in Matlab. The generator is most efficient when operating between slip values of -0.055 and -0.1, corresponding to rotor speeds of
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
This document presents a new control method for improving the performance of low power wind-driven wound rotor induction generators. The proposed method combines input voltage control and slip power control to achieve better efficiency and power factor over a wide range of speeds. Simulation and experimental results show that the combined control method improves both efficiency and power factor compared to conventional slip power control alone. The combined control allows the generator to operate closer to its maximum torque point for higher efficiency at each operating speed.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
In the proposed approach,instead of a conventional 3- Phase inverter a component minimized single pha se inverter is utilized which reduces the cost of the inverter,th e switching losses,and the complexity of interface circuits to generate logic signals. A performance comparison of the prop osed inverter fed drive with a conventional 3Phase inverter fed drive is also mode in terms of speed response and t otal harmonic distortion (THD) of the stator curren t. The proposed inverter fed IM drive is found acceptable consideri ng its cost reduction and other advantageous featur es. A general pulse width modulation (PWM) method for c ontrol of 1-phase inverters is presented. The vecto r PWM offers a simple method to select three or four vectors tha t effectively synthesize the desired output voltage,even in presence of voltage oscillations across the two dc-link capacit ors. The influence of different switching patterns on output voltage symmetry,current waveform,switching frequency and common mode voltage can be examined. The paper als o discusses how the use of the wye and delta connecti ons of the motor windings affects the implementatio n of the pulse width modulator.
This document describes an algorithm for analyzing the transient and steady states of a DC motor, including during braking operations. It discusses different types of braking for DC motors, including mechanical, rheostatic, plugging, and regenerative braking. The key advantages of electrical braking over mechanical braking are reducing wear on mechanical brakes and shorter stopping times. The document also presents the mathematical models used in the algorithm, including first-order and second-order differential equations, to analyze the motor's behavior during different operating conditions like braking with improved accuracy over first-order models.
Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of Six-Phase Self-Excited Induction GeneratorIJMTST Journal
This paper presents a simple d–q model of a saturated multi-phase (six-phase) self-excited induction
generator (SP-SEIG). Multi-phase AC machines are nowadays widely considered as potentially viable
solutions for numerous variable-speed drive applications. With an increased emphasis on renewable electric
energy generation, while interfacing with the grid typically take place by means of power electronic converter,
if the generator is used for stand-alone application. The main advantages of multi-phase machines that make
them viable for drive can also be effectively exploited in generating application. In particular, it is shown that
the SP-SEIG can operate with a single three-phase capacitor bank. The generator can also supply two
separate three-phase loads, which represents an additional advantage. In this paper proposes the modeling
and analysis of six phase self excited induction generator under R and RL load condition and also torque and
rotor dynamic equation are discussed. The simulation results obtained and compared with three phases self
excited induction generator. Results obtained compared with three phase self excited induction generator
performance. In power generation application of practical usage this system has sufficient capability.
SURVEY OF CONVENTIONAL &NEW GENERATION ADVANCED D.C.BRAKING SYSTEM OF 3-PHASE...IJCI JOURNAL
Any variable frequency drive requires an efficient and controlled braking system. Therefore, different braking techniques have been the subject area of researchers to enhance the performance as well as overall life of the drives. In this paper, a literature study is made of various existing braking methods, focused on induction motor (IM) drive performance. The braking methods are compared and summarized based on speed range, braking time and efficiency of 3-phase squirrel cage IM drive. Finally, an advancedD.C. braking technique is presented where braking torque in terms of varyingD.C.signal is injected into the stator windings using fully controlled Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation pulses (SVPWM). A method has been described for providing occasional fast, smooth and controlled braking torque from a non-regenerative VFD, without additional power circuits. Simulations are performed in MATLAB/Simulink, tested and validated on Digital signal processor (DSP) based drive. Test results are presented in this paper.
Computation of Equivalent Moment of Inertia Due to Controlled Frequency in Ca...IDES Editor
In order to eliminate bulky flywheels from the
process machine having loads with severe torque fluctuations
can be driven by an induction motor with control of input
frequency using VVVf inverters. Situation of rise in load
torque can be met by reduction in frequency at that instant.
Situation of sudden reduction in load torque can be met by
increase in frequency, at that instant. This paper deals with
computations for such cases using the graphical relation
between torque and speed, finally leading to a plot of
instantaneous motor torque as a function of time. Based on
this experimental work is carried out by giving reduced
frequency at the instant applying peak load.
A Comparative Study of GA tuned and PSO tuned PI Controller Based Speed Contr...paperpublications3
This document presents a comparative study of using genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) techniques to tune the parameters of a PI controller for speed control of a brushless DC motor. It describes brushless DC motors and their advantages over conventional DC motors. It also provides details on PI controller tuning and explains the PSO and GA optimization algorithms. The results show that both PSO and GA techniques were able to optimize the PI controller parameters to improve the motor speed response. However, GA produced a slightly better fitness value than PSO based on the integral absolute error performance criterion used in the study.
Theory and Analysis of Three Phase Induction Motor using Written Pole TechnologyIOSRJEEE
Three phase induction motors are employed in almost all the industries because of its simple construction and easy operation. Efficiency of the induction motor is affected by its fixed losses and variable losses which mainly depend on the input supply voltage and load current respectively. An attempt is made to minimize the iron losses by using the permanent magnet ferrite. A new Three Phase Induction Motor Using Written Pole Technology is proposed in this paper whose stator consists of two three phase windings accommodated in the same core and rotor is used as squirrel cage rotor with ferrite material on its periphery. Shaft loads are categorized as low, medium and high, Stator coils are energized through a controller based on the load demand. When compared to conventional induction motor, the motor efficiency and power factor are improved. Another approach of this machine is that the ferrite layer on the rotor periphery will reduce the motor losses which results in improving the motor efficiency. In this motor, one windings (main winding) is designed for the 238 volt ac voltage while the second winding (exciter winding) is designed for 8 volt ac voltage. Experimental result ensures the considerable increase in the efficiency and power factor.
Indirect Control of a Doubly-Fed Induction Machine for Wind Energy ConversionIAES-IJPEDS
In this paper, a grid connected wind power generation scheme using a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is studied. The aims of this paper are: The modelling and simulation of the operating in two quadrants (torque-speed) of a DFIG, the analysis employs a stator flux vector control algorithm to control rotor current, the system enables optimal speed tracking for maximum energy capture from the wind and high performance active and reactive power regulation using the PI regulator. The simulation calculations were achieved ®®
using MATLAB -SIMULINK package. Lastly, the obtained results are presented, for different operating points, illustrating the good control performances of the system
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
In this paper a thermal energy harvesting power supply using startup circuit for pacemaker is presented. The designed circuit does not need any external reference battery. The startup circuit includes pre-startup circuits and a startup boost converter. The pre-startup circuits are used to achieve a high efficiency and boost up the startup voltage to other circuit to operate successfully. A forward body bias technique is used to reduce a MOS threshold voltage. The startup boost converter is used to deliver the available power to the load based on maximum power point tracking (MPPT) scheme. According to LTSPICE simulation results, a minimum voltage of 40-60mV is needed for the circuit to startup and power up the device with load of 50kilo ohm. A maximum power of 120uW can be obtained from the output of the boost converter circuit.
In industrial electric drive systems, it is common to find objects that need to solve the problem of angular position control, moving the object from one position to another asymptotically with no over-correction and guarantee. calculation of maximum fast impact. This is a multi-target optimization problem with many different solutions. This paper presents a method of constructing a PMSM motor position controller with a variable structure using dSPACE 1104 card. The system consists of a position control loop with a variable structure that is an outer loop and a speed control loop degree is the inner loop. In which, the speed adjustment loop uses adaptive law to compensate for uncertain functions and build a sliding mode observation to estimate load torque, friction and noise. The results of the simulation study were verified on Matlab-Simulink environment and experimented on dSPACE 1104 card to check the correctness of the built controller algorithm. The research results in the paper are the basis for the evaluation and setting up of control algorithms, design of electric drive systems in industry and the military.
Design, Modelling& Simulation of Double Sided Linear Segmented Switched Reluc...IOSR Journals
This document presents the design, modeling, and simulation of a double-sided linear segmented switched reluctance motor (LSSRM). The LSSRM is modeled using MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results show current, inductance, torque, and speed characteristics. A 6/4 LSSRM is designed and compared to a conventional SRM and segmented SRM (SSRM) of the same power rating. The LSSRM design uses concentric windings instead of full pitch windings, reducing copper usage and weight. Simulation results validate the LSSRM model and control strategy. The LSSRM provides higher torque than SRM and SSRM for the same frame size due to increased aligned inductance.
The hardware implementation of sensorless brushless direct current motor drive incorporating H-infinity control strategy with optimized weights by particle swarm optimization in the speed control is carried out in this work. The methodology involved in the design of brushless direct current (BLDC) motor control with sensorless position detection technique, the design of H-infinity speed controller, steps involved in particle swarm optimization for optimizing coefficients of its weights and the hardware implementation is discussed in detail in this paper. Texas Instruments microcontroller board C2000 Delfino Launchpad LAUNCHXL F28377S and driver BOOSTXL DRV8301 are used for realization of the speed controller. The code is developed using C2000 hardware support package in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. A comprehensive performance analysis is accomplished during starting of the motor and during the fast application and removal of load. This strategy is found to be robust resulting in faster load disturbance rejection and better reference speed tracking. The experimental results of the proposed strategy are compared with that of conventional proportional-integral (PI) controller. The time domain parameters are also compared. It is found that the proposed strategy exhibits better performance characteristics during transients and sudden disturbances in load.
Load Frequency Control of DFIG-isolated and Grid Connected ModeIJAPEJOURNAL
Wind energy is one of the extraordinary promising sources of renewable energy due to its clean character, free availability and economic viability. A Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) feeds power from both the stator and the rotor windings at speeds above synchronous speed of the machine. This paper deals the load frequency control of doubly fed induction generator in isolated mode and grid connected mode. The wind turbine model is obtained using MATLAB/ SIMULINK which consists of DFIG, rotor side rectifier, grid side inverter and grid. This model is controlled by conventional controllerand proposed Load Frequency Control (LFC) method. The results are proven that frequency control gives better results in all the aspects
Modeling and simulation of the induction motor feed by matrix converterAnurag Choudhary
This document discusses modeling and simulation of an induction motor fed by a matrix converter. It provides background on direct and indirect AC-AC converters, with matrix converters being a direct converter. It describes the components and operation of a matrix converter, including modulation techniques. It also gives an overview of induction motors and their benefits. The document outlines modeling the matrix converter, induction motor, and their interaction. It concludes the matrix converter suppresses harmonics, allows regeneration, and improves power factor compared to other drive systems.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Speed Control System for BLDC Motor by using Direct Back EMF Detection Mathodijtsrd
BLDC motors are used in many industrial and traction applications due to high efficiency, low maintenance and high torque. For good performance of BLDC motors, the accurate knowledge of the rotor position is required. The need for the rotor position information in BLDC motors have been satisfied by use of some form of rotor position sensors. But to reduce cost, complexity and also to improve reliability of the system, sensor less drive system is preferred. In this paper, the development of sensor less control system for BLDC motor using a direct back EMF detection method is presented and simulation for proposed system is done with the help of MATLAB SIMULINK. Soe Sandar Aung | Thet Naing Htun "Speed Control System for BLDC Motor by using Direct Back EMF Detection Mathod" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26624.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/26624/speed-control-system-for-bldc-motor-by-using-direct-back-emf-detection-mathod/soe-sandar-aung
This document presents a simulation-based V/F speed control method for a three-phase induction motor. It discusses various speed control methods for induction motors and explains why constant V/F control is commonly used. It describes modeling a PWM inverter in Simulink to generate PWM pulses that are fed to a three-phase induction motor model. Simulation results show that open-loop V/F control can maintain constant torque over various rotor speeds by varying the voltage proportionally to frequency. Microcontrollers are discussed as a way to implement complex closed-loop speed control techniques. The document evaluates the simulation of open-loop V/F control for rated, above rated, and below rated motor speeds.
Design Calculation of Three Phase Self Excited Induction Generator Driven by ...ijtsrd
This document discusses the design calculation of a three-phase self-excited induction generator driven by a wind turbine. It presents the dq-modeling approach for transient state analysis of the induction generator and includes calculations of total impedance regulation, required capacitance for excitation, efficiency, and torque required to drive a 3.6 kW induction generator. The calculations are based on parameters of the 3.6 kW generator including stator and rotor resistances and inductances. Equivalent circuits are presented and curves of total impedance, capacitance, and efficiency versus slip are shown based on simulations in Matlab. The generator is most efficient when operating between slip values of -0.055 and -0.1, corresponding to rotor speeds of
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
This document presents a new control method for improving the performance of low power wind-driven wound rotor induction generators. The proposed method combines input voltage control and slip power control to achieve better efficiency and power factor over a wide range of speeds. Simulation and experimental results show that the combined control method improves both efficiency and power factor compared to conventional slip power control alone. The combined control allows the generator to operate closer to its maximum torque point for higher efficiency at each operating speed.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
In the proposed approach,instead of a conventional 3- Phase inverter a component minimized single pha se inverter is utilized which reduces the cost of the inverter,th e switching losses,and the complexity of interface circuits to generate logic signals. A performance comparison of the prop osed inverter fed drive with a conventional 3Phase inverter fed drive is also mode in terms of speed response and t otal harmonic distortion (THD) of the stator curren t. The proposed inverter fed IM drive is found acceptable consideri ng its cost reduction and other advantageous featur es. A general pulse width modulation (PWM) method for c ontrol of 1-phase inverters is presented. The vecto r PWM offers a simple method to select three or four vectors tha t effectively synthesize the desired output voltage,even in presence of voltage oscillations across the two dc-link capacit ors. The influence of different switching patterns on output voltage symmetry,current waveform,switching frequency and common mode voltage can be examined. The paper als o discusses how the use of the wye and delta connecti ons of the motor windings affects the implementatio n of the pulse width modulator.
This document describes an algorithm for analyzing the transient and steady states of a DC motor, including during braking operations. It discusses different types of braking for DC motors, including mechanical, rheostatic, plugging, and regenerative braking. The key advantages of electrical braking over mechanical braking are reducing wear on mechanical brakes and shorter stopping times. The document also presents the mathematical models used in the algorithm, including first-order and second-order differential equations, to analyze the motor's behavior during different operating conditions like braking with improved accuracy over first-order models.
Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of Six-Phase Self-Excited Induction GeneratorIJMTST Journal
This paper presents a simple d–q model of a saturated multi-phase (six-phase) self-excited induction
generator (SP-SEIG). Multi-phase AC machines are nowadays widely considered as potentially viable
solutions for numerous variable-speed drive applications. With an increased emphasis on renewable electric
energy generation, while interfacing with the grid typically take place by means of power electronic converter,
if the generator is used for stand-alone application. The main advantages of multi-phase machines that make
them viable for drive can also be effectively exploited in generating application. In particular, it is shown that
the SP-SEIG can operate with a single three-phase capacitor bank. The generator can also supply two
separate three-phase loads, which represents an additional advantage. In this paper proposes the modeling
and analysis of six phase self excited induction generator under R and RL load condition and also torque and
rotor dynamic equation are discussed. The simulation results obtained and compared with three phases self
excited induction generator. Results obtained compared with three phase self excited induction generator
performance. In power generation application of practical usage this system has sufficient capability.
Fuzzy Adaptive Control for Direct Torque in Electric VehicleIAES-IJPEDS
This paper presents a technique to control the electric vehicle (EV) speed and torque at any curve. Our propulsion model consists of two permanent magnet synchronous (PMSM) motors. The fuzzy adaptive PI controller is used to adjust the different static error constants, as per the speed error. The suggested based on the direct torque fuzzy control (DTFC). A Mamdani type fuzzy direct torque controller is first developed and then rules are modified using stator current membership functions. The computations are ensured by the electronic differential, this driving process permit to steer each driving wheels at any curve separately.Modeling and simulation are carried out using the Matlab/Simulink tool to investigate the performance of the proposed system.
Comparative Analysis of Different Methods of Starting Induction MotorIRJET Journal
This document compares different methods for starting induction motors, including direct online (DOL), star-delta, autotransformer, capacitor, and soft starting. It analyzes the current, torque, and speed characteristics of each method through simulations. The results show that no single method is universally better, as there is a tradeoff between factors like starting current, torque, speed, and cost for each approach. While DOL and capacitor starting produce high currents and torque but reach rated speed quickly, star-delta, autotransformer, and soft starting gradually increase current and torque but take longer to start. The document concludes that the optimal starting method depends on the specific application and power system constraints.
This document presents a new method for starting induction motors to improve transient torque pulsations. It develops a mathematical model of a 415V, 4.7A, 1435rpm induction motor in MATLAB/Simulink. The proposed method connects two phases (Y and B) at startup, with the third phase (R) delayed by 0.0133333 seconds. Simulations show this unbalanced startup reduces torque pulsations and starting current compared to normal startup. The method provides smooth motor acceleration and high starting torque with minimized transients, making it suitable for induction motor applications.
The document summarizes a study on improving the performance of a two-leg inverter fed brushless DC motor (BLDCM) drive. Key points:
1) A two-leg inverter fed BLDCM drive is proposed that uses only four switches and two current sensors, compared to a conventional three-leg inverter that uses six switches and three current sensors. This reduces switching losses and cost.
2) A MATLAB/Simulink model of the proposed two-leg inverter fed BLDCM drive with two DC input sources is developed.
3) Simulation results show the proposed drive has reduced torque ripple, lower voltage stress, lower current total harmonic distortion, and faster dynamic performance
Improved Rotor Speed Brushless DC Motor Using Fuzzy Controllerijeei-iaes
This document describes research on improving the rotor speed of a brushless DC motor using a fuzzy controller. It begins with background on BLDC motors and their advantages over brushed DC motors. It then provides the mathematical model of a BLDC motor. Next, it discusses implementing a PID fuzzy controller for a BLDC motor in Simulink and the design procedure, which involves first designing a conventional PID controller, then a linear fuzzy PID controller with the same performance, and finally adjusting the fuzzy inference system to create a nonlinear fuzzy PID controller.
Brushless DC (BLDC) motors are becoming an increasingly popular motor of choice for its unique characteristics. The BLDC motor drive is assumed to have trapezoidal back-electromotive force (EMF), rectangular phase currents and together produces the desired torque. However, practical back-EMF waveform might not be exactly trapezoidal because of current ripple, design considerations and manufacturing limitations. The adverse effect is the torque ripple generated due to the current ripple that causes mechanical vibration, acoustic noise and affects the accuracy of speed and position control which is not desirable in motor operation. In this paper an algorithm is developed to control and minimize the generated torque ripple using Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) scheme. The efficiency improvement of slim type BLDC motor is confirmed using MATLAB environment and low cost TI Piccolo F28035 microcontroller (MC).
ENERGY EFFICIENT VARIABLE SPEED HIGH POWER FACTOR THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR...Journal For Research
Paper presents a new energy efficient technique of three phase AC to AC voltage control using medium frequency pulse width modulation and extinction angle control. This technique is deployed to obtain independent control on speed and power factor of the three phase induction motor, using four semiconductor controllable switches. The technique has been realized using AC freewheeling switch. Power factor (PF) of induction motor reduces as it depends on the load parameters, thus induction motor draws more current, increase stator copper losses. Increased stator copper losses of induction motor causes depreciation of power factor and efficiency. Proposed drive maintains power factor of induction motor at unity for controllable speed of the motor. Thus reduces current consumption of the motor at low speeds. Stator copper losses also reduce and efficiency of the motor is improved. Advantage of proposed drive is its higher efficiency and unity power factor with simplicity of control. .If number of motors are driven using the proposed drive, plenty of power conservation is possible.
This document summarizes a research paper that models, simulates, and analyzes the performance of a variable frequency drive (VFD) for speed control of an induction motor. The summary is:
1) A VFD controls the speed of an induction motor by varying the frequency of the applied AC voltage using pulse width modulation. This allows variable motor speed control needed in some industrial applications.
2) The paper models the key components of a VFD - the rectifier, DC bus, and inverter - and models the induction motor in a dq reference frame.
3) Simulation results in Matlab/Simulink successfully demonstrate speed control of the induction motor from zero to nominal speed by varying the drive
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes an adaptive PID speed controller for a brushless DC motor. The paper begins with an introduction to brushless DC motors and common speed control methods like PI, PID, fuzzy logic and PWM controllers. It then discusses developing an adaptive PID controller that combines a PID controller with an auto-tuning method. This allows the controller to adapt to changing system parameters. The paper describes modeling the BLDC motor and speed control systems in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results are presented and analyzed to verify the adaptive PID controller's performance. The adaptive PID controller is found to improve system adaptability compared to other control methods.
- The document presents the performance characteristics of a six-phase induction generator operating in standalone mode for renewable power generation.
- Experimental results show that the six-phase generator can operate with a single three-phase capacitor bank, so failure of one winding does not cause shutdown. It can also supply two separate three-phase loads.
- Testing was conducted with different excitation capacitor configurations under no-load, resistive load, and resistive-inductive load conditions. Results include voltage build-up, frequency, current, and effect of load variations on these parameters.
BLDC motor driven electric skateboard using SVPWM IJECEIAES
Several problems are faced by today’s generation. One of them is the increase in pollution in our everyday life. Each of us can play a part in reducing this by using some environmentally friendly method such as cycles which requires mechanical force. Another way to accomplish this is by using electricity to produce this mechanical force i.e. electric motor. In this paper BLDC motor driven electric skateboard is designed with mathematical calculation, verified with simulation and developed as a experimental setup.
Wind Turbine Generator Tied To Grid Using Inverter Techniques and Its DesignsIJSRD
The document proposes a method for connecting small 300W wind turbine generators directly to the grid using inverter techniques, without the need for batteries. It describes using a permanent magnet generator coupled with a boost converter and three-phase inverter to stabilize voltage and maximize power extraction using MPPT control. Simulation results show that the proposed system is able to maintain grid voltage and power local loads by controlling active and reactive power flow.
MODIFIED DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL FOR BLDC MOTOR DRIVESijctcm
In this paper, a new adaptive reference based approach to direct torque control (DTC) method has been
proposed for brushless direct current (BLDC) motor drives. Conventional DTC method uses two main
reference parameters as: flux and torque. A main difference from the conventional method of it was that
only one reference parameter (speed) was used to control the BLDC motor and the second control
parameter (flux) was obtained from speed error through the proposed control algorithm. Thus, the DTC
performance has been especially improved on systems which need variable speed and torque during
operation, like electric vehicles. The dynamic models of the BLDC and the DTC method have been created
on Matlab/Simulink. The proposed method has been confirmed and verified by the dynamic simulations on
different working conditions. The simulation studies showed that the proposed method reduced remarkably
the speed and the torque ripples when compared the conventional DTC method. Moreover, the proposed
method has also very simple structure to apply the conventional DTC and its extra computational load to
the controller is almost zero.
Vector Control of Three-Phase Induction Motor with Two Stator Phases Open-Cir...IJPEDS-IAES
Variable frequency drives are used to provide reliable dynamic systems and
significant reduction in usage of energy and costs of the induction motors.
Modeling and control of faulty or an unbalanced three-phase induction motor
is obviously different from healthy three-phase induction motor. Using
conventional vector control techniques such as Field-Oriented Control (FOC)
for faulty three-phase induction motor, results in a significant torque and
speed oscillation. This research presented a novel method for vector control
of three-phase induction motor under fault condition (two-phase open circuit
fault). The proposed method for vector control of faulty machine is based on
rotor FOC method. A comparison between conventional and modified
controller shows that the modified controller has been significantly reduced
the torque and speed oscillations.
A NEW APPROACH TO DTC METHOD FOR BLDC MOTOR ADJUSTABLE SPEED DRIVEScscpconf
This paper proposes a new approach to direct torque control (DTC) method for brushless direct current (BLDC) motor drives. In conventional DTC method, two main reference parameters are used as: flux and torque. In this paper, the new approach has been proposed to improve the BLDC motor dynamic performance. A main difference from the conventional method of it was that only one reference parameter (speed) was used to control the BLDC motor and the second control parameter (flux) was obtained from speed error through the proposed control algorithm. Thus, the DTC performance has been especially improved on systems which need variable speed and torque during operation, like electric vehicles. The dynamic models of the BLDC and the DTC method have been created on Matlab/Simulink. The proposed method has been confirmed and verified by the dynamic simulations on different working conditions.
Speed control of Three phase Induction motor using AC voltage regulatorShivagee Raj
The role of AC Voltage Regulator in speed control of three phase Induction Motor is to vary the supply voltage which in turn, changes the speed of motor .
Improved Torque Control Performance in Direct Torque Control using Optimal Sw...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents the significant improvement of Direct Torque Control (DTC) of 3-phases induction machine using a Cascaded H- Bidge Multilevel Inverter (CHMI). The largest torque ripple and variable switching frequency are known as the major problem founded in DTC of induction motor. As a result, it can diminish the performance induction motor control. Therefore, the conventional 2- level inverter has been replaced with CHMI the in order to increase the performance of the motor either in dynamic or steady-state condition. By using the multilevel inverter, it can produce a more selection of the voltage vectors. Besides that, it can minimize the torque ripple output as well as increase the efficiency by reducing the switching frequency of the inverter. The simulation model of the proposed method has been developed and tested by using Matlab software. Its improvements were also verified via experimental results.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Similar to Braking of Three Phase Induction Motorsby Controlling Applied Voltage and Frequency Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Technique (20)
Inter-Area Oscillation Damping using an STATCOM Based Hybrid Shunt Compensati...IJPEDS-IAES
FACTS devices are one of the latest technologies which have been used to
improve power system dynamic and stability during recent years. However,
widespread adoption of this technology has been hampered by high cost
and reliability concerns. In this paper an economical phase imbalanced shunt
reactive compensation concept has been introduced and its ability for power
system dynamic enhancement and inter-area oscillation damping are
investigated. A hybrid phase imbalanced scheme is a shunt capacitive
compensation scheme, where two phases are compensated by fixed shunt
capacitor (C) and the third phase is compensated by a Static Synchronous
Compensator (STATCOM) in shunt with a fixed capacitor (CC). The power
system dynamic stability enhancement would be achieved by adding
a conventional Wide Area Damping Controller (WADC) to the main control
loop of the single phase STATCOM. Two different control methodologies
are proposed: a non-optimized conventional damping controller
and a conventional damping controller with optomised parameters that are
added to the main control loop of the unbalanced compensator in order to
damp the inter area oscillations. The proposed arrangement would, certainly,
be economically attractive when compared with a full three-phase
STATCOM. The proposed scheme is prosperously applied in a 13-bus
six-machine test system and various case studies are conducted to
demonstrate its ability in damping inter-area oscillations and power system
dynamic enhancement.
Fuzzy Gain-Scheduling Proportional–Integral Control for Improving the Speed B...IJPEDS-IAES
In this article, we have set up a vector control law of induction machine
where we tried different type of speed controllers. Our control strategy is of
type Field Orientated Control (FOC). In this structure we designed a Fuzzy
Gain-Scheduling Proportional–Integral (Pi) controller to obtain best result
regarding the speed of induction machine. At the beginning we designed a Pi
controller with fixed parameters. We came up to these parameters by
identifying the transfer function of this controller to that of Broïda (second
order transfer function). Then we designed a fuzzy logic (FL) controller.
Based on simulation results, we highlight the performances of each
controller. To improve the speed behaviour of the induction machine, we
have designend a controller called “Fuzzy Gain-Scheduling Proportional–
Integral controller” (FGS-PI controller) which inherited the pros of the
aforementioned controllers. The simulation result of this controller will
strengthen its performances.
Advance Technology in Application of Four Leg Inverters to UPQCIJPEDS-IAES
This article presents a novel application of four leg inverter with
conventional Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) Scheme to
Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC). The Power Quality problem
became burning issues since the starting of high voltage AC transmission
system. Hence, in this article it has been discussed to mitigate the PQ issues
in high voltage AC systems through a three phase Unified Power Quality
Conditioner (UPQC) under various conditions, such as harmonic mitigation
scheme, non linear loads, sag and swell conditions as well. Also, it proposes
to control harmoincs with various artificial intelligent techniques. Thus
application of these control technique such as Neural Networks (ANN)
Fuzzy Logic makes the system performance in par with the standards
and also compared with existing system. The simulation results based on
MATLAB/Simulink are discussed in detail to support the concept developed
in the paper.
Modified SVPWM Algorithm for 3-Level Inverter Fed DTC Induction Motor DriveIJPEDS-IAES
In this paper, a modified space vector pulse width modulation (MSVPWM)
algorithm is developed for 3-level inverter fed direct torque controlled
induction motor drive (DTC-IMD). MSVPWM algorithm simplifies
conventional space vector pulse width modulation (CSVPWM) algorithm for
multilevel inverter (MLI), whose complexity lies in sector/subsector/subsubsector
identification; which will commensurate with number of levels. In
the proposed algorithm sectors are identified as in two level inverter
and subsectors/sub-subsectors are identified by shifting the original reference
vector to sector 1 (S1). This is valid due to the fact that a three level space
vector plane is a composition of six two level space planes, and are
symmetrical with reference to six pivot states. Switching state/sequence
selection is also very important while dealing with SVPWM strategy for
MLI. In the proposed algorithm out of 27 available switching states apt
switching state is selected based on sector and subsector number, such that
voltage ripple is considerably less. To validate the proposed algorithm, it is
tested on a three level neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter fed DTC-IMD.
The performance of the MSVPWM algorithm is analyzed by comparing no
load stator current ripple of the three level DTC-IMD with two level
DTC-IMD. Significant reduction in steady state torque and flux ripple is
observed. Hence, reduced acoustic noise is a distinctive facet of the proposed
method.
Modelling of a 3-Phase Induction Motor under Open-Phase Fault Using Matlab/Si...IJPEDS-IAES
The d-q model of Induction Motors (IMs) has been effectively used as an
efficient method to analyze the performance of the induction machines. This
study presents a step by step Matlab/Simulink implementation
of a star-connected 3-phase IM under open-phase fault (faulty 3-phase IM)
using d-q model. The presented technique in this paper can be simply
implemented in one block and can be made available for control purposes.
The simulated results provide to show the behavior of the star-connected 3-phase IM under open-phase fault condition.
Performance Characteristics of Induction Motor with FielIJPEDS-IAES
With development of power electronics and control Theories, the AC motor
control becomes easier. So the AC motors are used instead of the DC motor
in the drive applications. With this development, a several methods of control
are invented. The field oriented control and direct torque control are from the
best methods to control the drive systems. This paper is compared between
the field oriented control and direct torque control to show the advantages
and disadvantages of these methods of controls. This study discussed the
effects of these methods of control on the total harmonic distortion of the
current and torque ripples. This occurs through study the performance
characteristics of the AC motor. The motor used in this study is an induction
motor. This study is simulated through the MATLAB program.
A Novel Modified Turn-on Angle Control Scheme for Torque- Ripple Reduction in...IJPEDS-IAES
In recent years, Switched Reluctance Motors (SRM) have been dramatically
considered with both researchers and industries. SRMs not only have a
simple and reliable structure, but also have low cost production process.
However, discrete torque production of SRM along with intensive magnetic
saturation in stator and rotor cores are the major drawbacks of utilizing in
variety of industrial applications and also causes the inappropriate torque
ripples. In this paper, a modified logical-rule-based Torque Sharing Function
(TSF) method is proposed considering turn-on angle control. The optimized
turn-on angle for conducting each phase is achieved by estimating the
inductance curve in the vicinity of unaligned position and based on an
analytical solution for each phase voltage equation. Simulation results on a
four-phase switched reluctance motor and comparison with the conventional
methods validates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Modeling and Simulation of Induction Motor based on Finite Element AnalysisIJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents the development of a co-simulation platform of induction
motor (IM). For the simulation, a coupled model is introduced which
contains the control, the power electronics and also the induction machine.
Each of these components is simulated in different software environments.
So, this study provides an advanced modeling and simulation tools for IM
which integrate all the components into one common simulation platform
environment. In this work, the IM is created using Ansys-Maxwell based on
Finite Element Analysis (FEA), whereas the power electronic converter is
developed in Ansys-Simplorer and the control scheme is build in MATLABSimulink
environment. Such structure can be useful for accurate design
and allows coupling analysis for more realistic simulation. This platform is
exploited to analyze the system models with faults caused by failures of
different drive’s components. Here, two studies cases are presented: the first
is the effects of a faulty device of the PWM inverter, and the second case is
the influence of the short circuit of two stator phases. In order to study the
performance of the control drive of the IM under fault conditions,
a co-simulation of the global dynamic model has been proposed to analyze
the IM behavior and control drives. In this work, the co-simulation has been
performed; furthermore the simulation results of scalar control allowed
verifying the precision of the proposed FEM platform.
Comparative Performance Study for Closed Loop Operation of an Adjustable Spee...IJPEDS-IAES
In this paper an extensive comparative study is carried out between PI
and PID controlled closed loop model of an adjustable speed Permanent
Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive. The incorporation of Sinusoidal
Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) strategy establishes near sinusoidal
armature phase currents and comparatively less torque ripples without
sacrificing torque/weight ratio. In this closed loop model of PMSM drive, the
information about reference speed is provided to a speed controller, to ensure
that actual drive speed tracks the reference speed with ideally zero steady
state speed error. The entire model of PMSM closed loop drive is divided
into two loops, inner loop current and outer loop speed. By taking the
different combinations of two classical controllers (PI & PID) related with
two loop control structure, different approximations are carried out. Hence a
typical comparative study is introduced to familiar with the different
performance indices of the system corresponding to time domain and
frequency domain specifications. Therefore overall performance of closed
loop PMSM drive is tested and effectiveness of controllers will be
determined for different combinations.
Novel Discrete Components Based Speed Controller for Induction MotorIJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents an electronic design based on general purpose discrete
components for speed control of a single phase induction motor drive. The
MOSFETs inverter switching is controlled using Sampled Sinusoidal Pulse
Width Modulation (SPWM) techniques with V/F method based on Voltage
Controlled Oscillator (VCO). The load power is also controlled by a novel
design to produce a suitable SPWM pulse. The proposed electronic system
has ability to control the output frequency with flexible setting of lower limit
to less than 1 Hz and to higher frequency limits to 55 Hz. Moreover, the
proposed controller able to control the value of load voltage to frequency
ratio, which plays a major parameter in the function of IM speed control.
Furthermore, the designed system is characterized by easy manufacturing
and maintenance, high speed response, low cost, and does not need to
program steps as compared to other systems based on Microcontroller
and digital signal processor (DSP) units. The complete proposed electronic
design is made by the software of NI Multisim version 11.0 and all the
internal sub-designs are shown in this paper. Simulation results show the
effectiveness of electronic design for a promising of a high performance IM
PWM drive.
Sensorless Control of a Fault Tolerant PMSM Drives in Case of Single-Phase Op...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper introduces a sensorless-speed-controlled PMSM motor fed by a
four-leg inverter in case of a single phase open circuit fault regardless in
which phase is the fault. To minimize the system performance degradation
due to a single phase open circuit fault, a fault tolerant control strategy that
includes taking appropriate actions to control the two remaining healthy
currents is used in addition to use the fourth leg of the inverter. Tracking the
saliency is done through measuring the dynamic current responses of the
healthy phases of the PMSM motor due the IGBT switching actions using the
fundamental PWM method without introducing any modification to the
operation of the fourth leg of the inverter. Simulation results are provided to
verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy for sensorless controlling of
a PMSM motor driven by a fault-tolerant four-phase inverter over a wide
speed ranges under the case of a single phase open circuit.
Improved Stator Flux Estimation for Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor ...IJPEDS-IAES
Stator flux estimation using voltage model is basically the integration of the
induced stator back electromotive force (emf) signal. In practical
implementation the pure integration is replaced by a low pass filter to avoid
the DC drift and saturation problems at the integrator output because of the
initial condition error and the inevitable DC components in the back emf
signal. However, the low pass filter introduces errors in the estimated stator
flux which are significant at frequencies near or lower than the cutoff
frequency. Also the DC components in the back emf signal are amplified at
the low pass filter output by a factor equals to . Therefore, different
integration algorithms have been proposed to improve the stator flux
estimation at steady state and transient conditions. In this paper a new
algorithm for stator flux estimation is proposed for direct torque control
(DTC) of induction motor drives. The proposed algorithm is composed of a
second order high pass filter and an integrator which can effectively
eliminates the effect of the error initial condition and the DC components.
The amplitude and phase errors compensation algorithm is selected such that
the steady state frequency response amplitude and phase angle are equivalent
to that of the pure integrator and the multiplication and division by stator
frequency are avoided. Also the cutoff frequency selection is improved; even
small value can filter out the DC components in the back emf signal. The
simulation results show the improved performance of the induction motor
direct torque control drive with the proposed stator flux estimation algorithm.
The simulation results are verified by the experimental results.
Hardware Implementation of Solar Based Boost to SEPIC Converter Fed Nine Leve...IJPEDS-IAES
Multi level inverters are widely used in high power applications because of
low harmonic distortion. This paper deals with the simulation
and implementation of PV based boost to SEPIC converter with multilevel
inverter. The output of PV system is stepped up using boost to sepic
converter and it is converted into AC using a multilevel inverter.
The simulation and experimental results with the R load is presented in this
paper. The FFT analysis is done and the THD values are compared. Boost to
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experimental results are compared with the simulation results. The results
indicate that nine level inverter system has better performance than seven
level inverter system.
Transformer Less Voltage Quadrupler Based DC-DC Converter with Coupled Induct...IJPEDS-IAES
In this paper a voltage quadrupler dc-dc converter with coupled inductor
and π filter is presented. The use of the coupled inductor reduces the high
leakage inductance which is present in a transformer enabled converter.
The output ripples in the converter is reduced by providing a π filter.
The interleaved voltage quadrupler is used in this system in order to boost the
output voltage. The voltage multiplier improves the output voltage gain.
The main advantage of this system is more voltage gain when compared with
the transformer eneabled circuit and the overall efficiency of the system is
improved. The circuit is simple to control. As a final point of this research,
the simulation and the hardware investigational results are presented to
demonstrate the effectiveness of this proposed converter.
IRAMY Inverter Control for Solar Electric VehicleIJPEDS-IAES
Solar Electric Vehicles (SEV) are considered the future vehicles to solve the issues of air pollution, global warming, and the rapid decreases of the petroleum resources facing the current transportation technology. However, SEV are still facing important technical obstacles to overcome. They include batteries energy storage capacity, charging times, efficiency of the solar panels and electrical propulsion systems. Solving any of those problems and electric vehicles will compete-complement the internal combustion engines vehicles. In the present work, we propose an electrical propulsion system based on three phase induction motor in order to obtain the desired speed and torque with less power loss. Because of the need to lightweight nature, small volume, low cost, less maintenance and high efficiency system, a three phase squirrel cage induction motor (IM) is selected in the electrical propulsion system. The IM is fed from three phase inverter operated by a constant V/F control method and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) algorithm. The proposed control strategy has been implemented on the texas instruments TM320F2812 Digital Signal Processor (DSP) to generate SVPWM signal needed to trigger the gates of IGBT based inverter. The inverter used in this work is a three phase inverter IRAMY20UP60B type. The experimental results show the ability of the proposed control strategy to generate a three-phase sine wave signal with desired frequency. The proposed control strategy is experimented on a locally manufactured EV prototype. The results show that the EV prototype can be propelled to speed up to 60km/h under different road conditions.
Design and Implementation of Single Phase AC-DC Buck-Boost Converter for Powe...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper discusses the Power Factor Correction (PFC) for single phase AC-DC Buck-Boost Converter (BBC) operated in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) using inductor average current mode control. The proposed control technique employs Proportional-Integral (PI) controller in the outer voltage loop and the Inductor Average Current Mode Control (IACMC) in the inner current loop for PFC BBC. The IACMC has advantages such as robustness when there are large variations in line voltage and output load. The PI controller is developed by using state space average model of BBC. The simulation of the proposed system with its control circuit is implemented in MatLab/Simulink. The simulation results show a nearly unity power factor can be attained and there is almost no change in power factor when the line frequency is at various ranges. Experimental results are provided to show its validity and feasibility.
Improvement of Wind farm with PMSG using STATCOMIJPEDS-IAES
This paper studies about the dynamic performance of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator with Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) for Wind farm integration. A whole dynamic model of wind energy conversion system (WECS) with PMSG and STATCOM are established in a MATLAB environment. With this model the dynamic behaviour of the generator and the overall system has been studied to determine the performance of them with and without STATCOM. Final results portrays that the WECS based PMSG with STATCOM improves the transient response of the wind farm when the system is in fault.
Modeling and Control of a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator for Wind Turbine-Gen...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents a vector control direct (FOC) of double fed induction generator intended to control the generated stator powers. This device is intended to be implemented in a variable-speed wind-energy conversion system connected to the grid. In order to control the active and reactive power exchanged between the machine stator and the grid, the rotor is fed by a bi-directional converter. The DFIG is controlled by standard relay controllers. Details of the control strategy and system simulation were performed using Simulink and the results are presented in this here to show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
A Review on Design and Development of high Reliable Hybrid Energy Systems wit...IJPEDS-IAES
Hybrid Energy system is a combination of two or more different types of energy resources. Now a day this hybrid energy system plays key role in various remote area power applications. Hybrid energy system is more reliable than single energy system. This paper deals with high reliable hybrid energy system with solar, wind and micro hydro resources. The proposed hybrid system cable of multi mode operation and high reliable due to non communicated based controllers (Droop Characteristic Control) are used for optimal power sharing. Size of battery can be reduced because hydro used as back up source and Maximum power point Tracking also applied to solar and wind energy systems.
Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control for Photovoltaic SystemIJPEDS-IAES
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Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
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by applying different methods at different speed ranges, but this will result in complex circuit for braking.
Braking torque in non-regenerative AC drives without the need of additional power circuits is discussed in
[3]. In [4] conventional methods of braking, branch elimination method in conjunction with conventional
tensor technique is used to establish a digital computer program to simulate the system. In [5, 6] two
braking methods are examined to reduce motor current, one based on the injection of an AC voltage to the
rotor winding during braking. The injected voltage must have the same frequency, same phase shift and
opposite in direction to the rotor induced voltage. The second method depends on discrete variable frequency
control using three phase inverter, AC thyristors monitored by a microcontroller PIC. Reducing energy loss
during braking is examined by using direct torque control in [7], the method is investigated with constant and
traction load toques.
Optimization of braking energy is a nonlinear problem; it is suitable to examine heuristic
optimization techniques to solve this problem. PSO is used extensively to design, control and operate three
phase induction motor [8-11]. The rule of the PSO in this paper is to find the suitable variation of voltage and
frequency during a certain braking period to minimize energy losses in the motor, this will result in less heat
and allow for frequent braking in a certain time.
2. MATHEMATICAL MODEL
The voltage equations of three phase squirrel cage induction motor in d-q frame are [12]:
(1)
(2)
0 (3)
0 (4)
Where:
: d-axis stator voltage.
: q-axis stator voltage.
: d-axis stator current.
: q-axis stator current.
: d-axis rotor current.
: q-axis rotor current.
: d-axis component of stator flux linkage.
: q-axis component of stator flux linkage.
: d-axis component of rotor flux linkage.
: q-axis component of rotor flux linkage.
: Resistance of stator winding.
: Resistance of rotor winding referred to stator.
The flux linkages are defined by:
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Where:
: Self inductance of stator winding.
: Self inductance of rotor winding.
: Mutual inductance between stator and rotor windings.
The electromagnetic torque equation is:
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522
(9)
The mechanical equation is:
(10)
Where;
: Rotor displacement
: Load torque .
: Moment of inertia Kg.m2
: Rotor friction.
: Number of poles.
The model of three phase squirrel cage induction motor is developed by SIMULINK /MATLAB to
solve the above nonlinear equations and to study the dynamic performance characteristics of the motor. The
SIMULINK dynamic model of the motor is shown in Figure 1.
Energy lost in the motor is defined as:
(11)
3 3 (12)
(13)
Where;
: Motor copper losses.
: Motor iron losses.
: Stator phase current.
: Rotor phase current referred to stator.
: Stator phase voltage.
: Core loss resistance.
The ratio of voltage to frequency must be limited to prevent motor saturation.
Figure 2 shows the SIMULINK model with these variable voltage and frequency.
Figure 1. Simulink Model of three phase induction motor
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The proposed method to optimize braking energy losses depends on changing motor input voltage
and frequency according to the equations:
(14)
(15)
Where; Kf1, Kf2 and Kv are constants.
Figure 2. SIMULINK system scheme
3- OPTIMUM VOLTAGE AND FREQUENCY VARIATION USING PSO
In this part PSO is used to determine the constants Kv, Kf1 and Kf2 in Equation (14) and (15). The
objective function is to minimize Equation (11) at certain braking time with the following inequality
constraint to prevent saturation in the motor:
< 5
Figure 3 shows the flow chart of PSO operation, for a certain load torque a swarm of 24 agents is
initialized, for each agent the motor dynamic model is operated, and the objective function is evaluated.
Agents are moved to their new position according to their velocities, their best position and the best position
of the swarm. Agents velocity in swarm is updated according to the equation [13]:
(16)
Where vi
k
is velocity of agent i at iteration k, w is weighting function, cj is weighting coefficients, rand is
random number between 0 and 1, si
k
is current position of agent i at iteration k, pbesti is best position of agent
i, and gbest is best position of the swarm. The weighting function w is given by:
(17)
Where wmax is initial weight, wmin is final weight, itermax is maximum iteration number, and iter is current
iteration number. According to Shi and Eberhart [14], [15], the following parameters are appropriate and the
values do not depend on problems:
ci = 2, wmax = 0.9 and wmin = 0.4 (18)
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Maximum number of iteration is itermax = 50. This process is repeated for a braking time of 4, 4.5
and 5 sec at load torque of 0.5 N.m.
Figure 3. Flow Chart of PSO
4. RESULTS AND DISCSSION
Simulation has been carried out using SIMULINK/MATLAB for 220/380 V, 1.1 kW, 50
Hz three phase induction motor having the following parameters:
= 5.15 Ω = 3.75 Ω
=0.5887 H =0.5887 H
=0.5568 H =2
In this section two groups of results are presented, the first one is the performance characteristics of
the motor which is braked using conventional plugging method, by reversing two phases of the motor. In the
second case the motor is braked with the proposed method by controlling the applied voltage and frequency
to stop the motor within certain time with minimum energy losses.
All results are taken at load torque of 0.5 N.m and the motor runs in motoring mode with rated
voltage and frequency from 0 sec to 6 sec, after that the motor is in braking mode.
4.1. Plugging Method
The braking time with plugging is 5 sec as shown in Figure 4. The developed torque is
reversed during plugging and reducing the motor speed in the same direction of load torque as shown in
Figure 5. Therefore, the speed is decreased from load speed to zero and to prevent rotation in reverse
direction the applied voltage is removed.
The motor current during plugging is higher than the starting current as shown in Figure 6 because
the motor slip during plugging is higher than 1 and hence the motor impedance is lower than that during
stating. So the motor losses during plugging are higher than that during starting as shown in Figure 7.
Figure 8 shows the variation of input and output powers with time. The motor draws power from
supply during motoring and plugging modes. The output power during plugging is reversed due to the
reverse of torque direction. During motoring mode the difference between input and output powers is
converted into losses but during plugging both of input power and output power are converted into losses.
Therefore the plugging losses are high.
Figure 9 shows the variation of energy losses during one cycle of operation of starting, running and
braking. The energy losses during braking with plugging are 14548 Joule within braking time of 5 sec and
this energy losses are converted into heat.
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Figure 4. Variation of motor speed with time
(plugging method)
Figure 5. Variation of developed torque with time
(plugging method)
Figure 6. Variation of motor phase current with time
(plugging method)
Figure 7. Variation of total motor losses with time
(plugging method)
Figure 8. Variation of input and output powers with
time (plugging method)
Figure 9. Variation of energy losses with time
(plugging method)
4.2. Proposed Method
The performance characteristics of three phase induction motor with the proposed method of
controlling both applied voltage and frequency to have minimum braking energy losses at certain braking
time with PSO are shown in Figure 10 to 17. Figure 10 shows the variation of motor speed with time at
different braking time of 4, 4.5 and 5 sec using the proposed method. The braking developed torque with
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Time (Sec)
MotorSpeed(rpm)
Braking
Mode
Motoring
Mode
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Time (Sec)
DevelopedTorque(N.m)
Braking
Mode
Motoring
Mode
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Time (Sec)
MotorPhaseCurrent(A)
Braking ModeMotoring Mode
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Time (Sec)
Totalmotorlosses(Watt)
Braking Mode
Motoring Mode
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Time (Sec)
InputandOutputPowers(Watt)
Braking
Mode
Motoring
Mode
Input Power
Input Power
Output Power
Output Power
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
x 10
4
Time (Sec)
EnergyLosses(Joule)
Braking ModeMotoring Mode
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lower braking time is higher than that of higher braking time as shown in Figure 11. Motor current in braking
mode is lower than starting current and also lower than plugging braking current as shown in Figure 12.
Therefore, the motor losses and energy losses are reduced compared with of plugging method as shown in
Figure 13 and Figure 14. The braking energy losses are 2884 Joule with braking time of 5 sec, 2734 Joule
with braking time of 4.5 sec and 2944 Joule with braking time of 4 sec.
With the same braking time of 5 sec, the braking energy losses with the proposed method are about
19.8 % of braking energy losses with plugging method. Therefore, the proposed method is more useful
method to save energy for multi-braking applications.With the proposed method, the motor can be braked
with time shorter than plugging braking time with lower braking energy losses. In Figure 15, the input power
is the electrical power from supply and output power is the mechanical power. The output power is reversed
in braking mode because the developed torque reversed.
The input power during braking with the proposed method is returned to supply from motor during a
part of braking period.The optimum values of applied voltage and frequency to have certain braking time
with minimum braking energy losses are obtained using PSO technique. The results and are shown in Figure
16 and Figure 17.
Figure 10. Variation of motor speed with time
(Proposed method)
Figure 11. Variation of developed torque with time
(Proposed method)
Figure 12. Variation of motor phase current with
time (Proposed method)
Figure 13. Variation of total motor losses with time
(Proposed method)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Time (Sec)
MotorSpeed(rpm)
Motoring
Mode
tb=5 Sec
tb=4.5 Sec
tb=4 Sec
Braking
Mode
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Time (Sec)
DevelopedTorque(N.m)
Braking
Mode
tb=5 Sec
tb=4 Sec
tb=4.5 Sec
Motoring
Mode
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Time (Sec)
MotorPhaseCurrent(A)
Motoring Mode
tb=4.5 Sec
Braking Mode
tb=4 Sec
tb=5 Sec
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Time (Sec)
Totalmotorlosses(Watt)
Braking Mode
Motoring Mode
tb=5 Sec
tb=4 Sec
tb=4.5 Sec
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Figure 14. Variation of energy losses with time
(Proposed method)
Figure 15. Variation of input and output powers with
time (Proposed method)
Figure 16. Variation of optimum values of stator
frequency with time (Proposed method)
Figure 17. Variation of optimum values of motor
phase voltage with time (Proposed method)
5. CONCLUSION
Using the proposed braking method, three phase induction motors can be braked at a given braking
time with minimum braking energy losses. The proposed method determines the optimum values of applied
voltage and frequency to stop the motor within certain time with minimum braking energy losses by particle
swarm optimization technique. The braking energy losses with the proposed method are about 20 % of
plugging braking energy so that the proposed method is more useful for multi braking applications without
any excessive overheating for the motor.
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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Mahmoud Elkholyreceived Bachelor of Engineering (B.E) degree (with honor) from Zagazig
University, Egypt in 1994 under the specialization of Electrical Machines and Power
Engineering, Master of Science degree from Zagazig University, Egypt 1998 under the
specialization of Electrical Machines and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.d) in the year 2001 from
Zagazig University, Egypt in the Dept. of Electrical power and Machines Engineering. He has
18 years of experience in academia and research at different positions. Currently he is an
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Egypt.His interest includes
control the steady state and dynamic performance of electrical machines and artificial
intelligence.
Mohammed A. Elhameedreceived the B.E. degree (with honors) from Zagazig University-
faculty of Engineering, Zagazig, Egypt in electrical power and machines engineering in 1996,
Master degree in 2000 in the field of electrical power system from the same institute, and the
Ph. D. degree from Zagazig University, Egypt, in 2004, in the field of electrical power system.
He has been assistant professor, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Egypt. His
current interest includes electrical machines modelling and control, artificial intelligence and
FACTS devices.