In this article, we have set up a vector control law of induction machine
where we tried different type of speed controllers. Our control strategy is of
type Field Orientated Control (FOC). In this structure we designed a Fuzzy
Gain-Scheduling Proportional–Integral (Pi) controller to obtain best result
regarding the speed of induction machine. At the beginning we designed a Pi
controller with fixed parameters. We came up to these parameters by
identifying the transfer function of this controller to that of Broïda (second
order transfer function). Then we designed a fuzzy logic (FL) controller.
Based on simulation results, we highlight the performances of each
controller. To improve the speed behaviour of the induction machine, we
have designend a controller called “Fuzzy Gain-Scheduling Proportional–
Integral controller” (FGS-PI controller) which inherited the pros of the
aforementioned controllers. The simulation result of this controller will
strengthen its performances.
The Neural Network-Combined Optimal Control System of Induction MotorIJECEIAES
This research aims to propose the optimal control method combined with the neuron network for an induction motor. In the proposed system, the induction motor is a nonlinear object which is controlled at each working point. At these working-points, the state equation of the induction motor is linear, so it is possible to apply the linear quadratic regular algorithm for the induction motor. Therefore, the parameters of the state feedback controller are the functions. The output-input relationships of these functions are set through the neural network. The numerical simulation results show that the quality of the control system of the induction motor is very high: The response speed always follows the desired speed with the short transition time and the small overshoot. Furthermore, the system is robust in the case of changing the load torque, and the parameters of the induction motor are incorrectly defined
Fuzzy logic based direct torque control of induction motor with space vector ...ijscai
The induction motors have wide range of applications for due to its well-known advantages like brushless
structures, low costs and robust performances. Over the past years, many kind of control methods are
proposed for the induction motors and direct torque control has gained huge importance inside of them due
to fast dynamic torque responses and simple control structures. However, the direct torque control method
has still some handicaps against the other control methods and most of the important of these handicaps is
high torque ripple. This paper suggests a new approach, Fuzzy logic based space vector modulation, on
the direct torque controlled induction motors and aim of the approach is to overcome high torque ripple
disadvantages of conventional direct torque control. In order to test and compare the proposed direct
torque control method with conventional direct torque control method simulations, in Matlab/Simulink,
have been carried out in different working conditions. The simulation results showed that a significant
improvement in the dynamic torque and speed responses when compared to the conventional direct torque
control method.
The Nine-Switch Inverter(NSI) is a recently developed dual output converter. It can be used to drive two three-phase loads independently. As a substitute to two separate conventional voltage source inverters, the NSI has been, already, proposed in various industrial applications to reduce the numberof semiconductor switches and its associated energy losses and drive circuitry. On the other hand, the Direct Torque Control(DTC) is a robust control scheme of AC motors, which consist of selecting proper state vectors of a conventional voltage source inverter. The NSI, having a different working principle from the conventional voltage source inverter and taking into account the varying influence of active space vectors on motor’s torque and stator flux, a Direct Torque Control is suggested in this paper to, efficiently, drive two induction motors independently, while minimizing the torque and stator flux ripples of both motors. Simulations results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. In addition, application of this newly proposed control scheme in operation of an Electric Vehicule (EV) is demonstrated.
In this article, we are interested in the improvement of the performances of Doubly Fed Induction Machine (DFIM) operating in motor mode by the use of the direct torque control (DTC). Firstly, we focused on the modeling of the DFIM and the study of the principle of functioning of the DTC control. Then, we implement this control on the Matlab/Simulink environment. Secondly, we present the simulation results of the proposed control. The analysis of these results shows clearly that the system based on the DFIM studied follows perfectly the set points, what allowed us to justify the efficiency of the elaborate control.
A NEW FUZZY LOGIC BASED SPACE VECTOR MODULATION APPROACH ON DIRECT TORQUE CON...csandit
The induction motors are indispensable motor types for industrial applications due to its wellknown
advantages. Therefore, many kind of control scheme are proposed for induction motors
over the past years and direct torque control has gained great importance inside of them due to
fast dynamic torque response behavior and simple control structure. This paper suggests a new
approach on the direct torque controlled induction motors, Fuzzy logic based space vector
modulation, to overcome disadvantages of conventional direct torque control like high torque
ripple. In the proposed approach, optimum switching states are calculated by fuzzy logic
controller and applied by space vector pulse width modulator to voltage source inverter. In
order to test and compare the proposed DTC scheme with conventional DTC scheme
simulations, in Matlab/Simulink, have been carried out in different speed and load conditions.
The simulation results showed that a significant improvement in the dynamic torque and speed
responses when compared to the conventional DTC scheme.
The Neural Network-Combined Optimal Control System of Induction MotorIJECEIAES
This research aims to propose the optimal control method combined with the neuron network for an induction motor. In the proposed system, the induction motor is a nonlinear object which is controlled at each working point. At these working-points, the state equation of the induction motor is linear, so it is possible to apply the linear quadratic regular algorithm for the induction motor. Therefore, the parameters of the state feedback controller are the functions. The output-input relationships of these functions are set through the neural network. The numerical simulation results show that the quality of the control system of the induction motor is very high: The response speed always follows the desired speed with the short transition time and the small overshoot. Furthermore, the system is robust in the case of changing the load torque, and the parameters of the induction motor are incorrectly defined
Fuzzy logic based direct torque control of induction motor with space vector ...ijscai
The induction motors have wide range of applications for due to its well-known advantages like brushless
structures, low costs and robust performances. Over the past years, many kind of control methods are
proposed for the induction motors and direct torque control has gained huge importance inside of them due
to fast dynamic torque responses and simple control structures. However, the direct torque control method
has still some handicaps against the other control methods and most of the important of these handicaps is
high torque ripple. This paper suggests a new approach, Fuzzy logic based space vector modulation, on
the direct torque controlled induction motors and aim of the approach is to overcome high torque ripple
disadvantages of conventional direct torque control. In order to test and compare the proposed direct
torque control method with conventional direct torque control method simulations, in Matlab/Simulink,
have been carried out in different working conditions. The simulation results showed that a significant
improvement in the dynamic torque and speed responses when compared to the conventional direct torque
control method.
The Nine-Switch Inverter(NSI) is a recently developed dual output converter. It can be used to drive two three-phase loads independently. As a substitute to two separate conventional voltage source inverters, the NSI has been, already, proposed in various industrial applications to reduce the numberof semiconductor switches and its associated energy losses and drive circuitry. On the other hand, the Direct Torque Control(DTC) is a robust control scheme of AC motors, which consist of selecting proper state vectors of a conventional voltage source inverter. The NSI, having a different working principle from the conventional voltage source inverter and taking into account the varying influence of active space vectors on motor’s torque and stator flux, a Direct Torque Control is suggested in this paper to, efficiently, drive two induction motors independently, while minimizing the torque and stator flux ripples of both motors. Simulations results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. In addition, application of this newly proposed control scheme in operation of an Electric Vehicule (EV) is demonstrated.
In this article, we are interested in the improvement of the performances of Doubly Fed Induction Machine (DFIM) operating in motor mode by the use of the direct torque control (DTC). Firstly, we focused on the modeling of the DFIM and the study of the principle of functioning of the DTC control. Then, we implement this control on the Matlab/Simulink environment. Secondly, we present the simulation results of the proposed control. The analysis of these results shows clearly that the system based on the DFIM studied follows perfectly the set points, what allowed us to justify the efficiency of the elaborate control.
A NEW FUZZY LOGIC BASED SPACE VECTOR MODULATION APPROACH ON DIRECT TORQUE CON...csandit
The induction motors are indispensable motor types for industrial applications due to its wellknown
advantages. Therefore, many kind of control scheme are proposed for induction motors
over the past years and direct torque control has gained great importance inside of them due to
fast dynamic torque response behavior and simple control structure. This paper suggests a new
approach on the direct torque controlled induction motors, Fuzzy logic based space vector
modulation, to overcome disadvantages of conventional direct torque control like high torque
ripple. In the proposed approach, optimum switching states are calculated by fuzzy logic
controller and applied by space vector pulse width modulator to voltage source inverter. In
order to test and compare the proposed DTC scheme with conventional DTC scheme
simulations, in Matlab/Simulink, have been carried out in different speed and load conditions.
The simulation results showed that a significant improvement in the dynamic torque and speed
responses when compared to the conventional DTC scheme.
This paper describes an electromagnetic field analysis of the induction machine and pulsating
torque .Analyzed machine is three phase induction machine with squirrel cage. Fourier transform is used for the
high harmonic components evaluation of the pulsating torque and the magnetic flux density along the air gap. The
comparison between computed and measured torque is presented in conclusion. The electromagnetic field analysis
is done by the ANSYS simulation. Fourier transform is used for the high harmonic components evaluation of the
pulsating torque. The comparison between computed and measured torque is presented in conclusion. Whole
experimental measurement was made with measurement card NI PCIe-6361 and shaft DATAFLEX22/20.
Keywords — AC machines, electromagnetic analysis, Fourier transform, high harmonic, magnetic fields, measurement torque.
Experimental results of vector control for an asynchronous machineTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The aim of this article is contributeto the advanced vector control strategy of asynchronous machines. Analyzes of experimental of indirect field-oriented control are presented. In this context, we propose vector control algorithms to provide solutions to the disadvantages of field-oriented control FOC.The results obtained from various methods of determining the parameters for asynchronous machine are compared. We calculate the various parameters and then we present the technical characteristics of each element of the asynchronous machine; finally, we implement the vector control used asbasis of comparison between the simulation under Matlab/Simulink software and experiments. The simulation and experimental tests show that the proposed controller is suitable for medium and high-performance applications.
Investigation of Artificial Neural Network Based Direct Torque Control for PM...cscpconf
This paper investigates solution for the chronically and the biggest problem of direct torque control scheme: high torque ripple. Otherwise, another main problem faced in direct torque control method is difficulties due to complex algorithm to get high performance control for industrial motors. The purpose of this paper is to simplify the control structure by using artificial neural networks learning abilities and to investigate the affects of this structure on torque performance of motor. For this purpose, two different artificial neural networks have been suggested replacing the optimal switching vector selection and flux sector determination process of conventional direct torque control method. Matlab/Simulink based numerical simulations have been carried out to compare motor performances with conventional control structure and proposed artificial neural network based structure. It has been observed that the dynamic response of motor is faster and torque ripple and the controller complexity of the conventional control system has been reduced with the proposed technique.
A Novel Method for IRFOC of Three-Phase Induction Motor under Open-Phase FaultIJPEDS-IAES
This paper investigates the vector control of a star-connected three-phase
Induction Motor (IM) under stator winding open-phase fault. The used vector
control method is based upon indirect rotor field-orientation concepts that
have been adapted for this type of machine. Beside the implementation of
this method in critical industrial applications, the proposed method in this
paper can be used for vector control of unbalanced 2-phase or single-phase
IM with two main and auxiliary windings.Simulation results are provided to show the operation of the proposed drive system.
Effects of Different Parameters on Power System Transient Stability StudiesPower System Operation
The transient stability studies plays a vital role in
providing secured operating configurations in power systems.
This paper shows an analysis of the effects of various parameters
on the transient stability studies of power system. The various
parameters for which the analysis is presented include the Fault
Clearing Time (FCT), Fault location, load increasing, machine
damping coefficient D, and Generator Armature Resistance
GAR. Under the condition that the power system is subjected to a
three-phase short-circuit fault, the Critical Clearing Time (CCT)
is calculated using numerical integration method. The analysis
has been carried out on the IEEE 30-bus test system. From this
analysis, we can conclude the importance of these different
parameters on power system transient stability studies.
Efficiency, reliability, high power quality and continuous operation are important aspects in electric vehicle attraction system. Therefore, quick fault detection, isolation and enhanced fault-tolerant control for open-switches faults in inverter driving systems become more and more required in this filed. However, fault detection and localization algorithms have been known to have many performance limitations due to speed variations such as wrong decision making of fault occurrence. Those weaknesses are investigated and solved in this paper using currents magnitudes fault indices, current direct component fault indices and a decision system. A simulation model and experimental setup are utilized to validate the proposed concept. Many simulation and experimental results are carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed fault detection approach.
Comparing of switching frequency on vector controlled asynchronous motorijscai
Nowadays, asynchronous motors have wide range use in many industrial applications. Field oriented
control (FOC) and direct torque control (DTC) are commonly used methods in high performance vector
control for asynchronous motors. Therefore, it is very important to identify clearly advantages and
disadvantages of both systems in the selection of appropriate control methods for many industrial
applications. This paper aims to present a new and different perspective regarding the comparison of the
switching behaviours on the FOC and the DTC drivers. For this purpose, the experimental studies have
been carried out to compare the inverter switching frequencies and torque responses of the asynchronous
motor in the FOC and the DTC systems under different working conditions. The dSPACE 1103 controller
board was programmed with Matlab/Simulink software. As expected, the experimental studies showed that
the FOC controlled motors has a lessened torque ripple. On the other hand, the FOC controlled motor
switching frequency has about 65-75% more than the DTC controlled under both loaded and unloaded
working conditions
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The control of motor rotation speed by the change of resistor resistance value in armature circuit is called ‘resistor control”. For the regulation of resistance value R0, included in armature winding circuit, we can use various technical solutions. The most used solution is the discrete variation of armature added resistance value by shunting its parts with contactors contacts. Nowadays, the change of resistor resistance in armature circuit can be realized by shunting with a given porosity γ of resistor R0 trough electronic keys. In this paper, we study the design of control system represented on figure 1.
Magnetic bearing is well-known for its advantage of reducing friction in rotary machines and is placing conventional bearings where high-speed operations and cleanliness are essential. It can be shown that the AM is a nonlinear system due to the relation between the magnetic force and current/rotor displacement. In this paper, a mathematical model of a 4-DOF AMB supported by four dual electric magnets is presented. The control objective is placed in a view of control input saturation and output limitation that are meaningful aspect in practical applications. Backstepping algorithm based control strategy is then adopted in order to achieve the high dynamic performance of the bearing. The control is designed in such a way that it takes input and output constraints into account by flexibly using hyperbolic tangent and barrier Lyapunov functions. Informative simulation studies are carried out to understand the operations of the machine and evaluate the controller quality.
Soft Computing Based Speed Control Technique of Induction Motor Drive in Sens...IJMTST Journal
Induction motor drives have certain advantages like less cost, ruggedness and required low maintenance. Field oriented control provides good solution for industrial applications. Normally in order to implement a vector control operation we generally require number of position sensors like speed, voltage, current sensors. But if we use the position sensors then the cost and size will be increased. So, to overcome this we need to use limited number of sensors. Reducing the number of sensors will increase the reliability of the system. So, if we eliminate the number of sensors we need to estimate the required quantity. The estimation can be done by using different strategies like model based and signal based. Out of this, model based estimation is the best method to estimate the speed by using Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS).
Neural Network Control Based on Adaptive Observer for Quadrotor HelicopterIJITCA Journal
A neural network control scheme with an adaptive observer is proposed in this paper to Quadrotor helicopter stabilization. The unknown part in Quadrotor dynamical model was estimated on line by a Single Hidden Layer network. To solve the non measurable states problem a new adaptive observer was proposed. The main purpose here is to reduce the measurement noise amplification caused by conventional high gain observer by introducing some changes in observer’s original structure that can minimize the variance and the amplitude of the noisy signal without increasing tracking error. The stability analysis of the overall closed-loop system/ observer is performed using the Lyapunov direct method. Simulation results are given to highlight the performances of the proposed scheme
Comparison of Estimated Torques Using Low Pass Filter and Extended Kalman Fil...IAES-IJPEDS
Torque calculation process is one of the major concerns for controlling induction motors in industry, which requires very accurate state estimation of unmeasurable variables of nonlinear models. This can be solved if the variables used for torque calculation is accurately estimated. This paper presents a torque calculation based on a voltage model represented with a low-pass filter (LPF), and an extended Kalman filter (EKF). The experimental results showed that the estimated torque at low speed based on EKF is more accurate in the expense of more complicated and larger computational time.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Parameter estimation of three-phase linear induction motor by a DSP-based el...IJECEIAES
This work describes a method to characterize a three-phase linear induction motor in order to determine the various parameters used in its per-phase equivalent circuit by a DSP-based electric-drives system. In LIM (Linear Induction Motor), the air gap is very large compared with the RIMs (Rotary Induction Motors). Further, the secondary part normally does not have slotted structure. It is just made of aluminum and steel plates. Therefore, the effective air gap is larger than the physical air gap. High air gap makes a larger leakage inductance. It leads to lower efficiency and lower power factor. DC resistance test will be done to determine the value of Rs. The primary Inductance Ls will be calculated by running the LIM at synchronous speed. The secondary parameters i.e. Llr and Rr′ will be calculated by blocked-mover test. The experiment for no load test is shown and include a DC motor coupled to the LIM under test. Two methods to calculate the secondary parameters are described.
Self-Tuning Fuzzy Based PI Controller for DFIM Powered by Two Matrix ConvertersIJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents a study of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine (DFIM) powered by two matrix converters; one connected to the stator windings and the other connected to the rotor windings. First, the mathematical model of DFIM and those of the matrix converters are developed. Then, the vector control technique is applied to the DFIM. Fuzzy logic is used in order to automatically adjust the parameters of the PI controller. The performance of this structure under different operating conditions is studied. Particular interest is given to the robustness of the fuzzy logic based control. The operation of the DFIM under overload conditions is also examined. Simulation results obtained in MATLAB/Simulink environment are presented and discussed.
This paper presents a study concerning a sensorless vector control of an induction machine fed by a voltage source inverter. The aim is to provide a scheme to control the speed and the rotor flux using a sensorless integral backstepping control approach. The rotor speed estimation is done by an observer using the model reference adaptive system (MRAS) technique whereas the nonlinear backstepping observer is used to get the rotor flux. The main objective is to achieve a robust control, adaptive and efficient, which will allow us to test and evaluate the performance of the proposed observer, combined with a sensorless control of the induction machine. Tests and validation are done using numerical simulations with MATLAB/SIMULINK-PSB (Power System Block set) toolbox. The results show good performance in terms of robustness regarding machine parameter variations and show the excellent quality of the control law associated with the observer, despite the observability problems when the machine operates at low speed.
A Novel Optimal PI Parameter Tuning Strategy to Improve Constant Switching Pe...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents a novel method of optimal Propotional-Intergral (PI)
controller’s parameter tuning strategy in-order to improve the constant
switching performance of 3-phase direct torque control (DTC) shceme. The
DTC sheme is acknowledged to provide fast decoupled control over the
torque output and stator flux via a simple control structure. However, DTC
sheme has two major downsides, which are the inconsistent inverter
switching frequency and high torque output ripple. The main reason that
contributes to these tribulations is the usage of hysteresis comparators in
order to control the output torque. The realization of PI based controller
method as replacement of hyterisis controller in DTC system able to provide
significant solutions to over come the fall back while retaining the simple
control structure of conventional DTC. The combination usage of higher
sampling controller DS1004 and also 3-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel
inverters (CHMI) in this system can further minimize the output torque ripple
by providing higher resolution with lower digital error and greater number of
vectors. This paper presents detail explanation and calculation of optimal PI
parameter tuning strategy consecutively to enhance the performance of 3-
level DTC system. In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed method
experimentation, the proposed method is compared with convention DTC
system via simulation and experiment results.
This paper describes an electromagnetic field analysis of the induction machine and pulsating
torque .Analyzed machine is three phase induction machine with squirrel cage. Fourier transform is used for the
high harmonic components evaluation of the pulsating torque and the magnetic flux density along the air gap. The
comparison between computed and measured torque is presented in conclusion. The electromagnetic field analysis
is done by the ANSYS simulation. Fourier transform is used for the high harmonic components evaluation of the
pulsating torque. The comparison between computed and measured torque is presented in conclusion. Whole
experimental measurement was made with measurement card NI PCIe-6361 and shaft DATAFLEX22/20.
Keywords — AC machines, electromagnetic analysis, Fourier transform, high harmonic, magnetic fields, measurement torque.
Experimental results of vector control for an asynchronous machineTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The aim of this article is contributeto the advanced vector control strategy of asynchronous machines. Analyzes of experimental of indirect field-oriented control are presented. In this context, we propose vector control algorithms to provide solutions to the disadvantages of field-oriented control FOC.The results obtained from various methods of determining the parameters for asynchronous machine are compared. We calculate the various parameters and then we present the technical characteristics of each element of the asynchronous machine; finally, we implement the vector control used asbasis of comparison between the simulation under Matlab/Simulink software and experiments. The simulation and experimental tests show that the proposed controller is suitable for medium and high-performance applications.
Investigation of Artificial Neural Network Based Direct Torque Control for PM...cscpconf
This paper investigates solution for the chronically and the biggest problem of direct torque control scheme: high torque ripple. Otherwise, another main problem faced in direct torque control method is difficulties due to complex algorithm to get high performance control for industrial motors. The purpose of this paper is to simplify the control structure by using artificial neural networks learning abilities and to investigate the affects of this structure on torque performance of motor. For this purpose, two different artificial neural networks have been suggested replacing the optimal switching vector selection and flux sector determination process of conventional direct torque control method. Matlab/Simulink based numerical simulations have been carried out to compare motor performances with conventional control structure and proposed artificial neural network based structure. It has been observed that the dynamic response of motor is faster and torque ripple and the controller complexity of the conventional control system has been reduced with the proposed technique.
A Novel Method for IRFOC of Three-Phase Induction Motor under Open-Phase FaultIJPEDS-IAES
This paper investigates the vector control of a star-connected three-phase
Induction Motor (IM) under stator winding open-phase fault. The used vector
control method is based upon indirect rotor field-orientation concepts that
have been adapted for this type of machine. Beside the implementation of
this method in critical industrial applications, the proposed method in this
paper can be used for vector control of unbalanced 2-phase or single-phase
IM with two main and auxiliary windings.Simulation results are provided to show the operation of the proposed drive system.
Effects of Different Parameters on Power System Transient Stability StudiesPower System Operation
The transient stability studies plays a vital role in
providing secured operating configurations in power systems.
This paper shows an analysis of the effects of various parameters
on the transient stability studies of power system. The various
parameters for which the analysis is presented include the Fault
Clearing Time (FCT), Fault location, load increasing, machine
damping coefficient D, and Generator Armature Resistance
GAR. Under the condition that the power system is subjected to a
three-phase short-circuit fault, the Critical Clearing Time (CCT)
is calculated using numerical integration method. The analysis
has been carried out on the IEEE 30-bus test system. From this
analysis, we can conclude the importance of these different
parameters on power system transient stability studies.
Efficiency, reliability, high power quality and continuous operation are important aspects in electric vehicle attraction system. Therefore, quick fault detection, isolation and enhanced fault-tolerant control for open-switches faults in inverter driving systems become more and more required in this filed. However, fault detection and localization algorithms have been known to have many performance limitations due to speed variations such as wrong decision making of fault occurrence. Those weaknesses are investigated and solved in this paper using currents magnitudes fault indices, current direct component fault indices and a decision system. A simulation model and experimental setup are utilized to validate the proposed concept. Many simulation and experimental results are carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed fault detection approach.
Comparing of switching frequency on vector controlled asynchronous motorijscai
Nowadays, asynchronous motors have wide range use in many industrial applications. Field oriented
control (FOC) and direct torque control (DTC) are commonly used methods in high performance vector
control for asynchronous motors. Therefore, it is very important to identify clearly advantages and
disadvantages of both systems in the selection of appropriate control methods for many industrial
applications. This paper aims to present a new and different perspective regarding the comparison of the
switching behaviours on the FOC and the DTC drivers. For this purpose, the experimental studies have
been carried out to compare the inverter switching frequencies and torque responses of the asynchronous
motor in the FOC and the DTC systems under different working conditions. The dSPACE 1103 controller
board was programmed with Matlab/Simulink software. As expected, the experimental studies showed that
the FOC controlled motors has a lessened torque ripple. On the other hand, the FOC controlled motor
switching frequency has about 65-75% more than the DTC controlled under both loaded and unloaded
working conditions
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The control of motor rotation speed by the change of resistor resistance value in armature circuit is called ‘resistor control”. For the regulation of resistance value R0, included in armature winding circuit, we can use various technical solutions. The most used solution is the discrete variation of armature added resistance value by shunting its parts with contactors contacts. Nowadays, the change of resistor resistance in armature circuit can be realized by shunting with a given porosity γ of resistor R0 trough electronic keys. In this paper, we study the design of control system represented on figure 1.
Magnetic bearing is well-known for its advantage of reducing friction in rotary machines and is placing conventional bearings where high-speed operations and cleanliness are essential. It can be shown that the AM is a nonlinear system due to the relation between the magnetic force and current/rotor displacement. In this paper, a mathematical model of a 4-DOF AMB supported by four dual electric magnets is presented. The control objective is placed in a view of control input saturation and output limitation that are meaningful aspect in practical applications. Backstepping algorithm based control strategy is then adopted in order to achieve the high dynamic performance of the bearing. The control is designed in such a way that it takes input and output constraints into account by flexibly using hyperbolic tangent and barrier Lyapunov functions. Informative simulation studies are carried out to understand the operations of the machine and evaluate the controller quality.
Soft Computing Based Speed Control Technique of Induction Motor Drive in Sens...IJMTST Journal
Induction motor drives have certain advantages like less cost, ruggedness and required low maintenance. Field oriented control provides good solution for industrial applications. Normally in order to implement a vector control operation we generally require number of position sensors like speed, voltage, current sensors. But if we use the position sensors then the cost and size will be increased. So, to overcome this we need to use limited number of sensors. Reducing the number of sensors will increase the reliability of the system. So, if we eliminate the number of sensors we need to estimate the required quantity. The estimation can be done by using different strategies like model based and signal based. Out of this, model based estimation is the best method to estimate the speed by using Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS).
Neural Network Control Based on Adaptive Observer for Quadrotor HelicopterIJITCA Journal
A neural network control scheme with an adaptive observer is proposed in this paper to Quadrotor helicopter stabilization. The unknown part in Quadrotor dynamical model was estimated on line by a Single Hidden Layer network. To solve the non measurable states problem a new adaptive observer was proposed. The main purpose here is to reduce the measurement noise amplification caused by conventional high gain observer by introducing some changes in observer’s original structure that can minimize the variance and the amplitude of the noisy signal without increasing tracking error. The stability analysis of the overall closed-loop system/ observer is performed using the Lyapunov direct method. Simulation results are given to highlight the performances of the proposed scheme
Comparison of Estimated Torques Using Low Pass Filter and Extended Kalman Fil...IAES-IJPEDS
Torque calculation process is one of the major concerns for controlling induction motors in industry, which requires very accurate state estimation of unmeasurable variables of nonlinear models. This can be solved if the variables used for torque calculation is accurately estimated. This paper presents a torque calculation based on a voltage model represented with a low-pass filter (LPF), and an extended Kalman filter (EKF). The experimental results showed that the estimated torque at low speed based on EKF is more accurate in the expense of more complicated and larger computational time.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Parameter estimation of three-phase linear induction motor by a DSP-based el...IJECEIAES
This work describes a method to characterize a three-phase linear induction motor in order to determine the various parameters used in its per-phase equivalent circuit by a DSP-based electric-drives system. In LIM (Linear Induction Motor), the air gap is very large compared with the RIMs (Rotary Induction Motors). Further, the secondary part normally does not have slotted structure. It is just made of aluminum and steel plates. Therefore, the effective air gap is larger than the physical air gap. High air gap makes a larger leakage inductance. It leads to lower efficiency and lower power factor. DC resistance test will be done to determine the value of Rs. The primary Inductance Ls will be calculated by running the LIM at synchronous speed. The secondary parameters i.e. Llr and Rr′ will be calculated by blocked-mover test. The experiment for no load test is shown and include a DC motor coupled to the LIM under test. Two methods to calculate the secondary parameters are described.
Self-Tuning Fuzzy Based PI Controller for DFIM Powered by Two Matrix ConvertersIJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents a study of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine (DFIM) powered by two matrix converters; one connected to the stator windings and the other connected to the rotor windings. First, the mathematical model of DFIM and those of the matrix converters are developed. Then, the vector control technique is applied to the DFIM. Fuzzy logic is used in order to automatically adjust the parameters of the PI controller. The performance of this structure under different operating conditions is studied. Particular interest is given to the robustness of the fuzzy logic based control. The operation of the DFIM under overload conditions is also examined. Simulation results obtained in MATLAB/Simulink environment are presented and discussed.
This paper presents a study concerning a sensorless vector control of an induction machine fed by a voltage source inverter. The aim is to provide a scheme to control the speed and the rotor flux using a sensorless integral backstepping control approach. The rotor speed estimation is done by an observer using the model reference adaptive system (MRAS) technique whereas the nonlinear backstepping observer is used to get the rotor flux. The main objective is to achieve a robust control, adaptive and efficient, which will allow us to test and evaluate the performance of the proposed observer, combined with a sensorless control of the induction machine. Tests and validation are done using numerical simulations with MATLAB/SIMULINK-PSB (Power System Block set) toolbox. The results show good performance in terms of robustness regarding machine parameter variations and show the excellent quality of the control law associated with the observer, despite the observability problems when the machine operates at low speed.
A Novel Optimal PI Parameter Tuning Strategy to Improve Constant Switching Pe...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents a novel method of optimal Propotional-Intergral (PI)
controller’s parameter tuning strategy in-order to improve the constant
switching performance of 3-phase direct torque control (DTC) shceme. The
DTC sheme is acknowledged to provide fast decoupled control over the
torque output and stator flux via a simple control structure. However, DTC
sheme has two major downsides, which are the inconsistent inverter
switching frequency and high torque output ripple. The main reason that
contributes to these tribulations is the usage of hysteresis comparators in
order to control the output torque. The realization of PI based controller
method as replacement of hyterisis controller in DTC system able to provide
significant solutions to over come the fall back while retaining the simple
control structure of conventional DTC. The combination usage of higher
sampling controller DS1004 and also 3-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel
inverters (CHMI) in this system can further minimize the output torque ripple
by providing higher resolution with lower digital error and greater number of
vectors. This paper presents detail explanation and calculation of optimal PI
parameter tuning strategy consecutively to enhance the performance of 3-
level DTC system. In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed method
experimentation, the proposed method is compared with convention DTC
system via simulation and experiment results.
The present work deals to investigate the performance of linear switched reluctance motor designed for a sliding door application. The objective of this paper is to develop an analytical model in order to predict the dynamic behaviour of the studied motor. Firstly, the characteristics of the proposed motor in open loop operation was computed.Secondly, the effect of the load on the response of the motor was investigated. In this context, a two technoque in open loop were adopted to solve the error positioning with load and to damp the oscillation observed in the characteristics of the motor in order to obtain a smooth motion.
This paper presents a real-time emulator of a dual permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) board for supervision and observation purposes. In order to increase the reliability of the drive, a sensorless speed control method is proposed. This method allows replacing the physical sensor while guaranteeing a satisfactory operation even in faulty conditions. The novelty of the proposed approach consists of an FPGA implementation of an emulator to control the actual system. Hence, this emulator operates in real-time with actual system control in healthy or faulty mode. It gives an observation of the speed rotation in case of fault for the sake of continuity of service. The observation of the rotor position and the speed are achieved using the dSPACE DS52030D digital platform with a digital signal processor (DSP) associated with a Xilinx FPGA.
Modeling & Simulation of PMSM Drives with Fuzzy Logic ControllerIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
The main objective of the present work is to describe the sensorless control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) for embeded systems in traction applications using the Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) method for speed estimation. The algorithm of this method has been adapted with the mathematical model of the motorized wheels electric vehicle. The command used is the DTC. Sensorless DTC of IPMS in-wheel motor based on MRAS for electric vehicle is simulated by Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results show the effectiveness of this proposed sensorless DTC control used for embedded system applications.
This article presents nonlinear control of wind conversion chain connected to the grid based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator. The control objectives are threefold; i) forcing the generator speed to track a varying reference signal in order to extract the maximum power at different wind speed (MPPT); ii) regulating the rectifier output capacitor voltage; iii) reducing the harmonic and reactive currents injected in the grid. This means that the inverter output current must be sinusoidal and in phase with the AC supply voltage (PFC). To this end, a nonlinear state-feedback control is developed, based on the average nonlinear model of the whole controlled system. This control strategy involves backstepping approach, Lyapunov stability and other tools from theory of linear systems. The proposed state-feedback control strategy is tested by numerical simulation which shows that the developed controller reaches its objectives.
Optimal Coordination of DOCR for Radial Distribution Systems in Presence of TCSCIJPEDS-IAES
Protective relays coordination is the process of determining the exact relay
settings such that the relay closes to the fault would operates faster than other
relays. The operating time of each relay depends on two independent
variables called Pickup current (Ip) and Time Dial Setting (TDS). In this
paper, a PSO algorithm has been presented to determine the coordination of
Directional Over-Current Relays (DOCRs) in presence of multi-system
FACTS devises. From the simulation result and analysis, the impact of TCSC
location in the in 33-bus distribution system on Directional Over-Current
Relays has been observed on the optimal relays settings as well as the
effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in finding optimal coordination of
directional over-current relays.
In this paper, we focus on the modeling and control of a wind power system based on a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). We proposed a technique of control strategies to have the maximum power from wind turbine (WT). This study deals with the problem of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) based on Takagi Sugeno fuzzy model. The stability analysis is achieved. The gains of the designed controller are calculated by solving Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI). Finally, simulation results are provided to demonstrate the validity and the effectiveness of the proposed method.
On the dynamic behavior of the current in the condenser of a boost converter ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, an analytical and numerical study is conducted on the dynamics of the current in the condenser of a boost converter controlled with ZAD, using a pulse PWM to the symmetric center. A stability analysis of periodic 1T-orbits was made by the analytical calculation of the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix of the dynamic system, where the presence of flip and Neimar–Sacker-type bifurcations was determined. The presence of chaos, which is controlled by ZAD and FPIC techniques, is shown from the analysis of Lyapunov exponents.
COMPARING OF SWITCHING FREQUENCY ON VECTOR CONTROLLED ASYNCHRONOUS MOTORijscai
Nowadays, asynchronous motors have wide range use in many industrial applications. Field oriented
control (FOC) and direct torque control (DTC) are commonly used methods in high performance vector
control for asynchronous motors. Therefore, it is very important to identify clearly advantages and
disadvantages of both systems in the selection of appropriate control methods for many industrial
applications. This paper aims to present a new and different perspective regarding the comparison of the
switching behaviours on the FOC and the DTC drivers. For this purpose, the experimental studies have
been carried out to compare the inverter switching frequencies and torque responses of the asynchronous
motor in the FOC and the DTC systems under different working conditions. The dSPACE 1103 controller
board was programmed with Matlab/Simulink software. As expected, the experimental studies showed that
the FOC controlled motors has a lessened torque ripple. On the other hand, the FOC controlled motor
switching frequency
In this research paper we investigate the modelling and control of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) driven in rotation by wind turbine, the control objectives is to optimize capture wind, extract the maximum of the power generated to the grid using MPPT algorithm (Maximum Power Point Tracking) and have a specified reactive power generated whatever wind speed variable, the indirect field oriented control IFOC with the PI correctors was used to achieve such as decoupled control. To validate the dynamique performance of our controller the whole system was simulated using dSPACE DS1104 Controller board Real Time Interface (RTI) which runs in Simulink/MATLAB software and ControlDesk 4.2 graphical interfaces.
A sensorless approach for tracking control problem of tubular linear synchron...IJECEIAES
As well-known, linear motors are widely applied to various industrial applications due to their abilities in providing directly straight movement without auxiliary mechanical transmissions. This paper addresses the sensorless control problem of tubular linear synchronous motors, which belong to a family of permanent magnet linear motor. To be specific, a novel velocity observer is proposed to deal with an unmeasurable velocity problem, and asymptotic convergence of the observer error is ensured. Unlike other studies on sensorless control methods for linear motors, our proposed observer is designed by regrading unknown disturbance load in the tracking control problem whereas considering theoretical demonstrations. By adjusting controller parameters properly, the position and velocity tracking error converge in arbitrary small values. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified in two illustrative examples.
In this paper, Reduced-Order Observer For Real-Time Implementation Speed Sensorless Control of Induction Using RT-LAB Softwareis presented. Speed estimation is performed through a reduced-order observer. The stability of the proposed observer is proved based on Lyapunov’s theorem. The model is initially built offline using Matlab/Simulink and implemented in real-time environment using RT-LAB package and an OP5600 digital simulator. RT-LAB configuration has two main subsystems master and console subsystems. These two subsystems were coordinated to achieve the real-time simulation. In order to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of proposed method, experimental results are presented over a wide speed range, including zero speed.
Modeling and State Feedback Controller Design of Tubular Linear Permanent Mag...IAES-IJPEDS
In this paper a state feedback controller for tubular linear permanent magnet
synchronous motor (TLPMSM) containing two gas springs, is presented.
The proposed TLPMSM controller is used to control reciprocating motions
of TLPMSM. The analytical plant model of TLPMSM is a multi-input
multi-output (MIMO) system which is decoupled to some sub single-input
single-output (SISO) systems, then, the sub SISO systems are converted to
sub-state space models. Indeed, the TLPMSM state space model is decoupled
to some sub-state spaces, and then, the gains of state feedback are calculated
by linear quadratic regulation (LQR) method for each sub-state space
separately. The controller decreases the distortions of the waveforms.
The simulation results indicate the validity of the controller.
This paper describes the design and the simulation of a non-linear controller for two-mass system using induction motor basing on the backstepping method. The aim is to control the speed actual value of load motor matching with the speed reference load motor, moreover, electrical drive’s respone ensuring the “fast, accurate and small overshoot” and reducing the resonance oscillations for two-mass system using induction motor fed by voltage source inveter with ideally control performance of stator current. Backstepping controller uses the non-linear equations of an induction motor and the linear dynamical equations of two-mass system, the Lyapunov analysis and the errors between the real and the desired values. The controller has been implemented in both simulation and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) real-time experiments using Typhoon HIL 402 system, when the drive system operates at a stable speed (rotor flux is constant) and greater than rated speed (field weakening area). The simulation and HIL results presented the correctness and effectiveness of the controller is proposed; furthermore, compared to PI method to see the response of the system clearly.
Explicit model predictive control of fast dynamic systemeSAT Journals
Abstract Explicit Model Predictive Control approach provides offline computation of the optimization law by Multi Parametric Quadratic Programming. The solution is Piece wise affine in nature. It is explicit representation of the system states and control inputs. Such law then can be solved using binary search tree and can be evaluated for fast dynamic systems. Implementing such controllers can be done on microcontroller or ASIC/FPGA. DC Motor Speed Control - one of the benchmark systems is discussed here in this context. Its PWA law obtained, simulation of closed loop e-MPC is presented and its implementation approach using MPT toolbox and other such toolboxes is shown in brief. Index Terms: Model Predictive Control, explicit, Piece-wise Affine, and Multi Parametric Toolbox
Improvements the direct torque control performance for an induction machine u...IJECEIAES
This article examines a solution to the major problems of induction machine control in order to achieve superior dynamic performance. Conventional direct torque control and indirect control with flux orientation have some drawbacks, such as current harmonics, torque ripples, flux ripples, and rise time. In this article, we propose a comparative analysis between previous approaches and the one using fuzzy logic. Results from the simulation show that the direct torque control method using fuzzy logic is more effective in providing a precise and fast response without overshooting, and it eliminates torque and flux fluctuations at low switching frequencies. The demonstrated improvements in dynamic performance contribute to increased operational efficiency and reliability in industrial applications.
Dsp based implementation of field oriented control of three phase induction m...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to presents a practical implementation of field oriented control of three-phase induction motor based on Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation technique using Digital Signal Processing (DSP) board TMS320F2812. The control algorithm for the drive application is built with Code Composer Studio version 3.1. The motor control is divided into two control loops; inner current loop and outer speed control loop using PI controller. The rotor flux quantities are estimated using computational rotor time constant, rotor angular velocity and stator current. As a feedback of field oriented control, an incremental encoder is attached at the motor shaft and a Hall effect current sensor is used to detect the sent current to the motor. The performance of the drives system is tested under different speed command and load disturbances
Index Terms: digital signal processor, field oriented control, induction motor, Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation
Performance Analysis of a DTC and SVM Based Field- Orientation Control Induct...IJPEDS-IAES
This study presents a performance analysis of two most popular control strategies for Induction Motor (IM) drives: direct torque control (DTC) and space vector modulation (SVM) strategies. The performance analysis is done by applying field-orientation control (FOC) technique because of its good dynamic response. The theoretical principle, simulation results are discussed to study the dynamic performances of the drive system for individual control strategies using actual parameters of induction motor. A closed loop PI controller scheme has been used. The main purpose of this study is to minimize ripple in torque response curve and to achieve quick speed response as well as to investigate the condition for optimum performance of induction motor drive. Depending on the simulation results this study also presents a detailed comparison between direct torque control and space vector modulation based field-orientation control method for the induction motor drive.
Similar to Fuzzy Gain-Scheduling Proportional–Integral Control for Improving the Speed Behavior of a Three-Phases Induction Motor (20)
Inter-Area Oscillation Damping using an STATCOM Based Hybrid Shunt Compensati...IJPEDS-IAES
FACTS devices are one of the latest technologies which have been used to
improve power system dynamic and stability during recent years. However,
widespread adoption of this technology has been hampered by high cost
and reliability concerns. In this paper an economical phase imbalanced shunt
reactive compensation concept has been introduced and its ability for power
system dynamic enhancement and inter-area oscillation damping are
investigated. A hybrid phase imbalanced scheme is a shunt capacitive
compensation scheme, where two phases are compensated by fixed shunt
capacitor (C) and the third phase is compensated by a Static Synchronous
Compensator (STATCOM) in shunt with a fixed capacitor (CC). The power
system dynamic stability enhancement would be achieved by adding
a conventional Wide Area Damping Controller (WADC) to the main control
loop of the single phase STATCOM. Two different control methodologies
are proposed: a non-optimized conventional damping controller
and a conventional damping controller with optomised parameters that are
added to the main control loop of the unbalanced compensator in order to
damp the inter area oscillations. The proposed arrangement would, certainly,
be economically attractive when compared with a full three-phase
STATCOM. The proposed scheme is prosperously applied in a 13-bus
six-machine test system and various case studies are conducted to
demonstrate its ability in damping inter-area oscillations and power system
dynamic enhancement.
Advance Technology in Application of Four Leg Inverters to UPQCIJPEDS-IAES
This article presents a novel application of four leg inverter with
conventional Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) Scheme to
Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC). The Power Quality problem
became burning issues since the starting of high voltage AC transmission
system. Hence, in this article it has been discussed to mitigate the PQ issues
in high voltage AC systems through a three phase Unified Power Quality
Conditioner (UPQC) under various conditions, such as harmonic mitigation
scheme, non linear loads, sag and swell conditions as well. Also, it proposes
to control harmoincs with various artificial intelligent techniques. Thus
application of these control technique such as Neural Networks (ANN)
Fuzzy Logic makes the system performance in par with the standards
and also compared with existing system. The simulation results based on
MATLAB/Simulink are discussed in detail to support the concept developed
in the paper.
Modified SVPWM Algorithm for 3-Level Inverter Fed DTC Induction Motor DriveIJPEDS-IAES
In this paper, a modified space vector pulse width modulation (MSVPWM)
algorithm is developed for 3-level inverter fed direct torque controlled
induction motor drive (DTC-IMD). MSVPWM algorithm simplifies
conventional space vector pulse width modulation (CSVPWM) algorithm for
multilevel inverter (MLI), whose complexity lies in sector/subsector/subsubsector
identification; which will commensurate with number of levels. In
the proposed algorithm sectors are identified as in two level inverter
and subsectors/sub-subsectors are identified by shifting the original reference
vector to sector 1 (S1). This is valid due to the fact that a three level space
vector plane is a composition of six two level space planes, and are
symmetrical with reference to six pivot states. Switching state/sequence
selection is also very important while dealing with SVPWM strategy for
MLI. In the proposed algorithm out of 27 available switching states apt
switching state is selected based on sector and subsector number, such that
voltage ripple is considerably less. To validate the proposed algorithm, it is
tested on a three level neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter fed DTC-IMD.
The performance of the MSVPWM algorithm is analyzed by comparing no
load stator current ripple of the three level DTC-IMD with two level
DTC-IMD. Significant reduction in steady state torque and flux ripple is
observed. Hence, reduced acoustic noise is a distinctive facet of the proposed
method.
Modelling of a 3-Phase Induction Motor under Open-Phase Fault Using Matlab/Si...IJPEDS-IAES
The d-q model of Induction Motors (IMs) has been effectively used as an
efficient method to analyze the performance of the induction machines. This
study presents a step by step Matlab/Simulink implementation
of a star-connected 3-phase IM under open-phase fault (faulty 3-phase IM)
using d-q model. The presented technique in this paper can be simply
implemented in one block and can be made available for control purposes.
The simulated results provide to show the behavior of the star-connected 3-phase IM under open-phase fault condition.
Performance Characteristics of Induction Motor with FielIJPEDS-IAES
With development of power electronics and control Theories, the AC motor
control becomes easier. So the AC motors are used instead of the DC motor
in the drive applications. With this development, a several methods of control
are invented. The field oriented control and direct torque control are from the
best methods to control the drive systems. This paper is compared between
the field oriented control and direct torque control to show the advantages
and disadvantages of these methods of controls. This study discussed the
effects of these methods of control on the total harmonic distortion of the
current and torque ripples. This occurs through study the performance
characteristics of the AC motor. The motor used in this study is an induction
motor. This study is simulated through the MATLAB program.
A Novel Modified Turn-on Angle Control Scheme for Torque- Ripple Reduction in...IJPEDS-IAES
In recent years, Switched Reluctance Motors (SRM) have been dramatically
considered with both researchers and industries. SRMs not only have a
simple and reliable structure, but also have low cost production process.
However, discrete torque production of SRM along with intensive magnetic
saturation in stator and rotor cores are the major drawbacks of utilizing in
variety of industrial applications and also causes the inappropriate torque
ripples. In this paper, a modified logical-rule-based Torque Sharing Function
(TSF) method is proposed considering turn-on angle control. The optimized
turn-on angle for conducting each phase is achieved by estimating the
inductance curve in the vicinity of unaligned position and based on an
analytical solution for each phase voltage equation. Simulation results on a
four-phase switched reluctance motor and comparison with the conventional
methods validates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Modeling and Simulation of Induction Motor based on Finite Element AnalysisIJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents the development of a co-simulation platform of induction
motor (IM). For the simulation, a coupled model is introduced which
contains the control, the power electronics and also the induction machine.
Each of these components is simulated in different software environments.
So, this study provides an advanced modeling and simulation tools for IM
which integrate all the components into one common simulation platform
environment. In this work, the IM is created using Ansys-Maxwell based on
Finite Element Analysis (FEA), whereas the power electronic converter is
developed in Ansys-Simplorer and the control scheme is build in MATLABSimulink
environment. Such structure can be useful for accurate design
and allows coupling analysis for more realistic simulation. This platform is
exploited to analyze the system models with faults caused by failures of
different drive’s components. Here, two studies cases are presented: the first
is the effects of a faulty device of the PWM inverter, and the second case is
the influence of the short circuit of two stator phases. In order to study the
performance of the control drive of the IM under fault conditions,
a co-simulation of the global dynamic model has been proposed to analyze
the IM behavior and control drives. In this work, the co-simulation has been
performed; furthermore the simulation results of scalar control allowed
verifying the precision of the proposed FEM platform.
Comparative Performance Study for Closed Loop Operation of an Adjustable Spee...IJPEDS-IAES
In this paper an extensive comparative study is carried out between PI
and PID controlled closed loop model of an adjustable speed Permanent
Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive. The incorporation of Sinusoidal
Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) strategy establishes near sinusoidal
armature phase currents and comparatively less torque ripples without
sacrificing torque/weight ratio. In this closed loop model of PMSM drive, the
information about reference speed is provided to a speed controller, to ensure
that actual drive speed tracks the reference speed with ideally zero steady
state speed error. The entire model of PMSM closed loop drive is divided
into two loops, inner loop current and outer loop speed. By taking the
different combinations of two classical controllers (PI & PID) related with
two loop control structure, different approximations are carried out. Hence a
typical comparative study is introduced to familiar with the different
performance indices of the system corresponding to time domain and
frequency domain specifications. Therefore overall performance of closed
loop PMSM drive is tested and effectiveness of controllers will be
determined for different combinations.
Novel Discrete Components Based Speed Controller for Induction MotorIJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents an electronic design based on general purpose discrete
components for speed control of a single phase induction motor drive. The
MOSFETs inverter switching is controlled using Sampled Sinusoidal Pulse
Width Modulation (SPWM) techniques with V/F method based on Voltage
Controlled Oscillator (VCO). The load power is also controlled by a novel
design to produce a suitable SPWM pulse. The proposed electronic system
has ability to control the output frequency with flexible setting of lower limit
to less than 1 Hz and to higher frequency limits to 55 Hz. Moreover, the
proposed controller able to control the value of load voltage to frequency
ratio, which plays a major parameter in the function of IM speed control.
Furthermore, the designed system is characterized by easy manufacturing
and maintenance, high speed response, low cost, and does not need to
program steps as compared to other systems based on Microcontroller
and digital signal processor (DSP) units. The complete proposed electronic
design is made by the software of NI Multisim version 11.0 and all the
internal sub-designs are shown in this paper. Simulation results show the
effectiveness of electronic design for a promising of a high performance IM
PWM drive.
Sensorless Control of a Fault Tolerant PMSM Drives in Case of Single-Phase Op...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper introduces a sensorless-speed-controlled PMSM motor fed by a
four-leg inverter in case of a single phase open circuit fault regardless in
which phase is the fault. To minimize the system performance degradation
due to a single phase open circuit fault, a fault tolerant control strategy that
includes taking appropriate actions to control the two remaining healthy
currents is used in addition to use the fourth leg of the inverter. Tracking the
saliency is done through measuring the dynamic current responses of the
healthy phases of the PMSM motor due the IGBT switching actions using the
fundamental PWM method without introducing any modification to the
operation of the fourth leg of the inverter. Simulation results are provided to
verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy for sensorless controlling of
a PMSM motor driven by a fault-tolerant four-phase inverter over a wide
speed ranges under the case of a single phase open circuit.
Improved Stator Flux Estimation for Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor ...IJPEDS-IAES
Stator flux estimation using voltage model is basically the integration of the
induced stator back electromotive force (emf) signal. In practical
implementation the pure integration is replaced by a low pass filter to avoid
the DC drift and saturation problems at the integrator output because of the
initial condition error and the inevitable DC components in the back emf
signal. However, the low pass filter introduces errors in the estimated stator
flux which are significant at frequencies near or lower than the cutoff
frequency. Also the DC components in the back emf signal are amplified at
the low pass filter output by a factor equals to . Therefore, different
integration algorithms have been proposed to improve the stator flux
estimation at steady state and transient conditions. In this paper a new
algorithm for stator flux estimation is proposed for direct torque control
(DTC) of induction motor drives. The proposed algorithm is composed of a
second order high pass filter and an integrator which can effectively
eliminates the effect of the error initial condition and the DC components.
The amplitude and phase errors compensation algorithm is selected such that
the steady state frequency response amplitude and phase angle are equivalent
to that of the pure integrator and the multiplication and division by stator
frequency are avoided. Also the cutoff frequency selection is improved; even
small value can filter out the DC components in the back emf signal. The
simulation results show the improved performance of the induction motor
direct torque control drive with the proposed stator flux estimation algorithm.
The simulation results are verified by the experimental results.
Minimization of Starting Energy Loss of Three Phase Induction Motors Based on...IJPEDS-IAES
The purpose of this paper is to minimize energy losses consumed by three
phase induction motors during starting with wide range of load torque from
no load to full load. This will limit the temperature rise and allows for more
numbers of starting during a definite time. Starting energy losses
minimization is achieved by controlling the rate of increasing voltage
and frequency to start induction motor under certain load torque within a
definite starting time. Optimal voltage and frequency are obtained by particle
swarm optimization (PSO) tool according to load torque. Then, outputs of the
PSO are used to design a neuro-fuzzy controller to control the output voltage
and frequency of the inverter during starting for each load torque. The
starting characteristics using proposed method are compared to that of direct
on line and V/F methods. A complete model of the system is developed using
SIMULINK/MATLAB.
Hardware Implementation of Solar Based Boost to SEPIC Converter Fed Nine Leve...IJPEDS-IAES
Multi level inverters are widely used in high power applications because of
low harmonic distortion. This paper deals with the simulation
and implementation of PV based boost to SEPIC converter with multilevel
inverter. The output of PV system is stepped up using boost to sepic
converter and it is converted into AC using a multilevel inverter.
The simulation and experimental results with the R load is presented in this
paper. The FFT analysis is done and the THD values are compared. Boost to
SEPIC converter is proposed to step up the voltage to the required value. The
experimental results are compared with the simulation results. The results
indicate that nine level inverter system has better performance than seven
level inverter system.
Transformer Less Voltage Quadrupler Based DC-DC Converter with Coupled Induct...IJPEDS-IAES
In this paper a voltage quadrupler dc-dc converter with coupled inductor
and π filter is presented. The use of the coupled inductor reduces the high
leakage inductance which is present in a transformer enabled converter.
The output ripples in the converter is reduced by providing a π filter.
The interleaved voltage quadrupler is used in this system in order to boost the
output voltage. The voltage multiplier improves the output voltage gain.
The main advantage of this system is more voltage gain when compared with
the transformer eneabled circuit and the overall efficiency of the system is
improved. The circuit is simple to control. As a final point of this research,
the simulation and the hardware investigational results are presented to
demonstrate the effectiveness of this proposed converter.
IRAMY Inverter Control for Solar Electric VehicleIJPEDS-IAES
Solar Electric Vehicles (SEV) are considered the future vehicles to solve the issues of air pollution, global warming, and the rapid decreases of the petroleum resources facing the current transportation technology. However, SEV are still facing important technical obstacles to overcome. They include batteries energy storage capacity, charging times, efficiency of the solar panels and electrical propulsion systems. Solving any of those problems and electric vehicles will compete-complement the internal combustion engines vehicles. In the present work, we propose an electrical propulsion system based on three phase induction motor in order to obtain the desired speed and torque with less power loss. Because of the need to lightweight nature, small volume, low cost, less maintenance and high efficiency system, a three phase squirrel cage induction motor (IM) is selected in the electrical propulsion system. The IM is fed from three phase inverter operated by a constant V/F control method and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) algorithm. The proposed control strategy has been implemented on the texas instruments TM320F2812 Digital Signal Processor (DSP) to generate SVPWM signal needed to trigger the gates of IGBT based inverter. The inverter used in this work is a three phase inverter IRAMY20UP60B type. The experimental results show the ability of the proposed control strategy to generate a three-phase sine wave signal with desired frequency. The proposed control strategy is experimented on a locally manufactured EV prototype. The results show that the EV prototype can be propelled to speed up to 60km/h under different road conditions.
Design and Implementation of Single Phase AC-DC Buck-Boost Converter for Powe...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper discusses the Power Factor Correction (PFC) for single phase AC-DC Buck-Boost Converter (BBC) operated in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) using inductor average current mode control. The proposed control technique employs Proportional-Integral (PI) controller in the outer voltage loop and the Inductor Average Current Mode Control (IACMC) in the inner current loop for PFC BBC. The IACMC has advantages such as robustness when there are large variations in line voltage and output load. The PI controller is developed by using state space average model of BBC. The simulation of the proposed system with its control circuit is implemented in MatLab/Simulink. The simulation results show a nearly unity power factor can be attained and there is almost no change in power factor when the line frequency is at various ranges. Experimental results are provided to show its validity and feasibility.
Improvement of Wind farm with PMSG using STATCOMIJPEDS-IAES
This paper studies about the dynamic performance of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator with Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) for Wind farm integration. A whole dynamic model of wind energy conversion system (WECS) with PMSG and STATCOM are established in a MATLAB environment. With this model the dynamic behaviour of the generator and the overall system has been studied to determine the performance of them with and without STATCOM. Final results portrays that the WECS based PMSG with STATCOM improves the transient response of the wind farm when the system is in fault.
Modeling and Control of a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator for Wind Turbine-Gen...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents a vector control direct (FOC) of double fed induction generator intended to control the generated stator powers. This device is intended to be implemented in a variable-speed wind-energy conversion system connected to the grid. In order to control the active and reactive power exchanged between the machine stator and the grid, the rotor is fed by a bi-directional converter. The DFIG is controlled by standard relay controllers. Details of the control strategy and system simulation were performed using Simulink and the results are presented in this here to show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
A Review on Design and Development of high Reliable Hybrid Energy Systems wit...IJPEDS-IAES
Hybrid Energy system is a combination of two or more different types of energy resources. Now a day this hybrid energy system plays key role in various remote area power applications. Hybrid energy system is more reliable than single energy system. This paper deals with high reliable hybrid energy system with solar, wind and micro hydro resources. The proposed hybrid system cable of multi mode operation and high reliable due to non communicated based controllers (Droop Characteristic Control) are used for optimal power sharing. Size of battery can be reduced because hydro used as back up source and Maximum power point Tracking also applied to solar and wind energy systems.
Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control for Photovoltaic SystemIJPEDS-IAES
In this study, a fuzzy sliding mode control (FSMC) based maximum power point tracking strategy has been applied for photovoltaic (PV) system. The key idea of the proposed technique is to combine the performances of the fuzzy logic and the sliding mode control in order to improve the generated power for a given set of climatic conditions. Different from traditional sliding mode control, the developed FSMC integrates two parts. The first part uses a fuzzy logic controller with two inputs and 25 rules as an equivalent controller while the second part is designed for an online adjusting of the switching controller’s gain using a fuzzy tuner with one input and one output. Simulation results showed the effectiveness of the proposed approach achieving maximum power point. The fuzzy sliding mode (FSM) controller takes less time to track the maximum power point, reduced the oscillation around the operating point and also removed the chattering phenomena that could lead to decrease the efficiency of the photovoltaic system.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
TOP 10 B TECH COLLEGES IN JAIPUR 2024.pptxnikitacareer3
Looking for the best engineering colleges in Jaipur for 2024?
Check out our list of the top 10 B.Tech colleges to help you make the right choice for your future career!
1) MNIT
2) MANIPAL UNIV
3) LNMIIT
4) NIMS UNIV
5) JECRC
6) VIVEKANANDA GLOBAL UNIV
7) BIT JAIPUR
8) APEX UNIV
9) AMITY UNIV.
10) JNU
TO KNOW MORE ABOUT COLLEGES, FEES AND PLACEMENT, WATCH THE FULL VIDEO GIVEN BELOW ON "TOP 10 B TECH COLLEGES IN JAIPUR"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSNje0MBh7g
VISIT CAREER MANTRA PORTAL TO KNOW MORE ABOUT COLLEGES/UNIVERSITITES in Jaipur:
https://careermantra.net/colleges/3378/Jaipur/b-tech
Get all the information you need to plan your next steps in your medical career with Career Mantra!
https://careermantra.net/
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
2. ISSN: 2088-8694
IJPEDS Vol. 7, No. 4, December 2016 :1161– 1171
1162
Sevral methods were used to in this context such as in [1] by sliding mode control or in [16] by hybrid
Particle Swarm Optimization.The Fuzzy Gain-Scheduling Proportional–Integral controller belongs to the
second type. Indeed it is a new concept of digital control and decision making based on fuzzy logic sets
developed by Lotfi Zadah [11].
This paper starts with a reviewing of the model of the three-phase induction machine and the control
law. Thereafter, we have detailed the Pi controller and the fuzzy logic controller used for speed regulation in
adopted structure of control. Then, we have presented the steps to achieve the improved controller (Fuzzy
Gain-Scheduling Proportional–Integral controller). At the end we have simulated the control strategy with the
three controller and we have commented the obtained results.
2. MODEL OF THE INDUCTION MOTOR
The modeling step of the induction machine is essential for the development of control laws. Our
model is based on the theory of Park. This theory is based on two processing; the transformation of
Concordia which reduces the size of the matrix (three-phase to two-phase), and Park transformation which
ensures the passage of the magnitudes alternatives to continuous quantities. We chose the transformation of
Concordia and not that of Clarke simply because the first ensures the conservation of instantaneous power
while the second ensures the preservation of the modules (the amplitudes) which is not appropriate for this
type of control.
Park transformation is defined by:
X
X
).M(θ
X
X
s
s
s
sq
sd
(1)
Concordia transformation is defined by:
X
X
X
).P(
X
X
sc
sb
sa
s
s
0
(2)
With
θθ
θθ
θM
ss
ss
s
cossin
sincos
-
P
2
3
2
3
0
2
1
2
1
1
3
2
0 (3)
s is the rotation angle of the rotate stator field (angle between the stator and the d-axis)
The electrical equations in the referential (a, b, c) are: [2]
At the stator:
),,(
.
),,(),,( ][ cbascbasscbas iRU (4)
s
s
s
s
R
R
R
R
00
00
00
sc
sb
sa
cbas
U
U
U
U ),,(
sc
sb
sa
cbas
i
i
i
i ),,(
sc
sb
sa
cbas
),,(
Rs are the stator resistances, Us(a,b,c) are the stator voltages, is(a,b,c) are the stator currents and Φs(a,b,c) are
the magnetic flow to the stator.
At the rotor:
),,(
.
),,(),,( ][ cbarcbarrcbar iRU (5)
3. IJPEDS ISSN: 2088-8694
FGS-PI Control for Improving the Speed Behavior of a Three-Phases Induction Motor (H. Othmani)
1163
r
r
r
r
R
R
R
R
00
00
00
0),,( cbarU
Rr are the rotor resistances, Ur(a,b,c) are the rotor voltages, ir(a,b,c) are the rotor currents and Φr(a,b,c) are the
magnetic flow to the rotor. The magnetic equations in the referential (a, b, c) are: [2]
At the stator:
),,(),,(),,( ][ cbarMcbasscbas ii (6)
sss
sss
sss
s
lMM
MlM
MMl
)cos()
3
2
cos()
3
2
cos(
)
3
2
cos()cos()
3
2
cos(
)
3
2
cos()
3
2
cos()cos(
srM M
[χ] is the matrix of inductances, Ms is the mutual inductance between two stator phases, ls is the own stator
inductance, Msr is the mutual inductance between stator and rotor and is the angle between the stator and the
rotor.
At the rotor:
),,(),,(),,( ][ cbarrcbasMcbar ii (7)
rrr
rrr
rrr
r
lMM
MlM
MMl
lr is the own rotor inductance and Mr is the mutual inductance between two rotor phases. The mechanical
equation of the machine is:
rem TT
dt
d
J
(8)
Ω is the real speed, Tem is the electromagnetic torque, Tr is the resistive torque and J is the moment of inertia.
Applying the theorem of Ferrari, we get
),,(),,(),,(),,( cbascbar
r
M
pcbarcbasMpem i
L
L
nIiLnT (9)
LM is the Cyclic mutual inductance, np is the number of pole pairs, Lr is the cyclic rotor inductance. If we
apply the Park transformation to the equations (9) we get:
)rqsdrdsq
r
M
pem II
L
L
nT (10)
Where Isd isthe stator current (d-axis), Isqis the stator current (q-axis), rd is the rotor magnetic flow (d-axis)
and rq is the rotor magnetic flow (q-axis).
3. CONTROLL LAW
We have taken in this work the Field Orientated Control. In this strategy, the d-axis component of
the stator current acts as excitement and allow adjusting the value of the magnetic flow on the machine. The
q-axis component acts as the induced current and controls the torque. The aim of this strategy is to find a law
as [Tem=Ki] which can directly control the torque by the isq current. This is guaranteed simply by canceling
one of the terms. If we cancel [rq = 0] and [rd=r] the torque will depend only on isq and the equation
(10) becomes:
4. ISSN: 2088-8694
IJPEDS Vol. 7, No. 4, December 2016 :1161– 1171
1164
sqr
r
M
pem iΦ
L
L
nT (11)
Figure 1. Block Diagram Schematic of the Control Strategy
3.1. Inverter
The inverter used is composed of three arms mounted in parallel. In each arms two IGBT transistors
are connected in series. All IGBT transistrors are controlled by a current regulator PWM. Hysteresis current
control method allows switching on the transistors when the error between the signal and its sets exceeds the
setpoint amplitude. In result the actual current is forced to follow the reference current in the hysteresis band.
The Figure 2 illustrates the operating principle of the hysteresis regulator.
Figure 2. The Operating Principle of the Hysteresis Regulator
3.2. r and s Calculation
The rotor magnetic flow is calculated by :
r
sdM
r
p
iL
.1
(12)
τr= L’r/Rr: rotor time constant, L’r=LM+Lr and p is the Laplace operator. On dq axis, the angular pulse s
related to one phase of the stator is defined by:
5. IJPEDS ISSN: 2088-8694
FGS-PI Control for Improving the Speed Behavior of a Three-Phases Induction Motor (H. Othmani)
1165
r
sq
r
M
rs
Φ
iL
Ωnωωω p
ˆ
ˆˆˆ
(13)
dtωθ ss ˆˆ (14)
rω is the electrical angular rotor pulse, sω is the electrical angular stator pulse and ω is the electric
rotation speed.
3.3. Compute of the Current References
The reference current Isd* is calculated using the rotor flux reference, or by the following relation:
M
r
sd
L
i
*
*
(15)
pM
r
r
em
sq
nL
L
Φ
T
i
ˆ
*
*
(16)
4. SPEED CONTROLLER DESIGN
In order to find an effective method for improving the speed behaviour of the induction machine, we
present in this section the controllers used on this work. We start with two static configured controlers: the Pi
controller and the fuzzy logic controller. Then we combine these two technics in one controller with a real
time configuration.
4.1. Classic Speed Controller
The PI (proportional integral) speed controller scheme is given by the Figure 3. We did not choose
the Pid controller because it may affects the swiftness of response.
Figure 3. The Loop of Speed Control with Pi Controller
ref is the reference speed and f is the coefficient of viscous friction. The calculation of the coefficients Kp
and Ki is given by the folwing equations: (Kpand ki are Coefficients of the PI controller)
rref
ip
T
fJpp
KpK
fJp
11
(17)
r
ip
ref
ip
ip
T
KpfKJp
P
KpfKJp
KpK
22 (18)
The transfer function (18) can be identified in a second-order system in the form: [5]
2
2
2
1
1
)(
nn
p
p
pF
(19)
6. ISSN: 2088-8694
IJPEDS Vol. 7, No. 4, December 2016 :1161– 1171
1166
4.2. Fuzzy Logic Controller
The Fuzzy logic (FL) is currently arousing interest of all those who feel the need to formalize
empirical methods to design artificial systems performing the tasks usually handled by humans. The diagram
of speed control loop by a Fuzzy logic controler is well summarized by the Figure 4 [11].
Figure 4. The Loop of Speed Control with FL Controller
In the Figure 4, as in the following, we note: E : the error, it is defined by:
refkE )( (20)
eT
kEkE
kdE
)1()(
)(
(21)
Te is the sampling Time. The controller output is given by:
)()1()( **
kdukTkT emem (22)
The design of a FL controller requires the crossing through the steps of fuzzification, find the inference rules
and the step of deffuzification.
Figure 5. Steps to Design FL Controller
The fuzzification is the first step to designing a fuzzy controller. At this level we define the
membership degrees of the fuzzy variable to its fuzzy set according to the real value of the input variable. We
opted for triangular and trapezoidal functions for the input variables (Figure 6). They allow easy
implementation and short duration when evaluated in real time.
Through the inference rules, we can set the decisions of the fuzzy controller. They are expressed as
"IF THEN". In the fuzzy rules we involve the operators "AND" and "OR". The operator "AND" refers
variables within a rule, while the "OR" operator binds the different rules. There are a several ways to
interpret these two operators. The inference method called Mamdani (also called Max-Min method), makes
the operator "AND" by the "Min" function and linking all the rules ("OR" operator) is ensured by the "Max"
function [4].
7. IJPEDS ISSN: 2088-8694
FGS-PI Control for Improving the Speed Behavior of a Three-Phases Induction Motor (H. Othmani)
1167
(a). E(k) (b). dE(k)
Figure 6. Fuzzification Step
Table 1. Basic rules for the speed controller
Rule N° E dE Tem*
1 P P P
2 P Z P
3 P N P
4 Z P P
5 Z Z Z
6 Z N N
7 N P N
8 N Z N
9 N N N
The Defuzzification converts fuzzy sets output into a suitable real variable. Several Defuzzification
strategies exist; we used the method of “gravity center”. The gravity center abscissa of the membership
function resulting from the inference rules is the output value of the controller. We have therefore:
dxx
dxxx
out
)(
)(
(23)
χ out is the output value and μ is the degree of membership. This is the method which gives generally better
results. The results are stable relationships to changes in fuzzy set solution, and therefore the system inputs.
4.3. Fuzzy Gain-Scheduling PI Controller Design
Fuzzy logic has the ability to support the treatment of imprecise variables and to give objective
decisions by an approximate knowledge. This controller provides good robustness against external
disturbances, howver its respons is not fast. On the other hand, the Pi controller has a fast response and it is
sensitive against external disturbances and parmetr change. That’s why we we chose to schedule the
coefficients of the the pi controller by fuzzy logic, in order to improve obtained results.
Figure 7. Defuzzification Step
Figure 8. The Loop of Speed Control with Gain-
Scheduling Technic
8. ISSN: 2088-8694
IJPEDS Vol. 7, No. 4, December 2016 :1161– 1171
1168
(a). E(k) (b). d E(k)
(c). Kp
*
(d). Ki
*
Figure 9. The Fuzzification and Defuzzification Step for Scheduling Coeficient of Pi Controller
Table 2. Basic Rules For Ki
(Integrator Coefficient of the Scheduled Pi)
Rule N° E dE Ki
1 P P P
2 P Z P
3 P N P
4 Z P P
5 Z Z Z
6 Z N N
7 N P N
8 N Z N
9 N N N
Table 3. Basic Rules For Kp
(Proportional Coefficient of the Scheduled Pi)
Rule N° E Kp
1 N N
2 Z Z
3 P P
5. SIMULATION RESULTS
All the simulations are carried out on an induction machine whose parameters are listed in the
appendix (Table 5). In addition to that and in order to identify the performance of different controller used,
we varied the setpoint of speed and we applied disturbances on the resistif torque as shown in Table 4.
Table 4. Variation of the Setpoint of Speed and the
Disturbances on the Resistif Torque
Table 5. Induction machine parameters
Variable Value
Nominal power 1Kw
Stator resistance 0.435Ω
Stator inductance 2mH
Rotor resistance 0.816 Ω
Stator inductance 2mH
Mutual inductance 69,3mH
Inertia 0,089Kg.m-2
Friction Factor 0,005N.m.s
Pole pairs 2
Time (s) Tr (N/m) Speedref (rad/s)
[0,2] 0 100
[2,3] 4 100
[3,6] 4 110
[6,8] 5 90
[8,9] 0 90
[9,10] 0 100
The following curve show the whole speed behavior of all controllers previously detailed
9. IJPEDS ISSN: 2088-8694
FGS-PI Control for Improving the Speed Behavior of a Three-Phases Induction Motor (H. Othmani)
1169
Figure 10. The Speed Behavior of the Different Controllers Used
To highlight the performance of the three controllers, we zoom in Figure 10 (precisely when
applying disturbances and when we change the setpoint). Figure 11 shows the speed behavior for each
controller:
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Figure 11. The Speed Behavior for the Different Controller Used (zoom)
Based on Figure 11, we can say that the classic Pi controller has a fast response, but it is very
sensitive to disturbance. The fuzzy logic controller has shown its robustness against disturbances that we
have applied and to the change on the setpoint. However it is the least fast among the three controllers. The
results of the Scheduled Pi controller are very satisfactory results in terms of speed, stabilty and insensitivity
to disturbance. Indeed this technic has proved its efficiency since it presents no overtake compared to the
setpoint (gap of 0.01 rad/s) if we compare this result to that of [1] in which the overtake is remarkable
(gap of 50 rad/s) with a classical vector control or [3] which the overtake is remarkable (gap of 20 rad/s) with
the sliding mode control. Also, both [1] and [3] did not expose their controller to disturbance or setpoint
change which highlights the performance of our designed controller against the other ontroller.
6. CONCLUSION
In this work we have introduce a Vector control structure which includes a magnetic flux estimation
to avoid the use of a physical sensor. In this structure, we have detailed two different controllers which are
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0
50
100
150
Time
Pi Control
FL Control
PI supervised FL controller
Speed reference
1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8
99
99.2
99.4
99.6
99.8
100
100.2
100.4
100.6
100.8
101
Time
Pi Control
FL Control
PI supervised FL controller
Speed reference
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
Time
Pi Control
FL Control
PI supervised FL controller
Speed reference
6 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.8 7 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8
90
95
100
105
110
Time
Pi Control
FL Control
PI supervised FL controller
Speed reference
7.9 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9
89
89.2
89.4
89.6
89.8
90
90.2
90.4
90.6
90.8
91
Time
Pi Control
FL Control
PI supervised FL controller
Speed reference
10. ISSN: 2088-8694
IJPEDS Vol. 7, No. 4, December 2016 :1161– 1171
1170
the classic PI and the FL controller. Then, we designed a Fuzzy Gain-Scheduling Pi controller. We note that
the Pi supervised fuzzy inherited the advantages of both Pi and fuzzy Controller. We note that the rise time
with a fuzzy supervised Pi controller is fast and also robust against the reference changing and the imposition
of a disturbance (Tr change).
REFERENCES
[1] A. Gouichiche, M.S. Boucherit, A. Safa, Y. Messelem, "Sensorless Sliding Mode Vector Control of Induction
Motor Drive". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 277-284, 2012.
[2] A.L. Nemmour, F. Mehazzem, A. Khezzar, M. Hacil, L. Louze, R. Abdessemed, "Nonlinear control of induction
motor based on the combined multi-scalar machine model and backstepping approach", Industrial Electronics.
(IECON) 35th Annual Conference of IEEE, Pp. 4203-4208, 2009.
[3] D. Kusbianto, "Performance Comparison of Starting Speed Control of Induction motor". International Journal of
Power Electronics and Drive System, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 47-57, 2011.
[4] E.H. Mamdani, "Application of fuzzy algorithms for control of simple dynamic plant. Electrical Engineers",
Proceedings of the Institution, Vol. 121, no. 12, pp. 1585- 1588, 1974.
[5] F.Blaschke, "The principle of field oriented as applied to the new Tran vector closed-loop control system for
rotating machine", Siemens Review, vol. 39, No 4, pp.217-220,1972.
[6] G. Yang, T. Chin, "Adaptive-Speed Identification Scheme for a Vector-Controlled Speed Sensorless Inverter-
Induction Motor Drive", IEEE Transactions on industrial electronics, Vol. 29, No 4, 1993
[7] H. Ying, "Conditions for general Mamdani fuzzy controllers to be nonlinear", NAFIPS Annu. Meeting, pp. 201–
203, 2002.
[8] J.G. Zighler, N.B Nichols, "Optimum setting for automatic controllers". Trans, ASME, vol 64, pp 759-768. pp. 128-
131, 1942.
[9] J. Lee, "On methods for improving performance of PI-type fuzzy logic controllers", IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst, vol. 1,
no. 4, pp. 298–301, 1993.
[10] L. Morel, H. Godfroid, A. Mirzaian, J.M. Kauffmann, "Double fed induction machine: converter optimization and
field oriented control without position sensor", IEE Proc. Electr. PowerAppl, vol. 145, no. 4, pp. 360–368, 1998.
[11] L. Zadeh, Fuzzy Sets. Information and Control, vol. 8, pp. 338-353, 1965.
[12] N. Bounar, A. Boulkroune, F. Boudjema, M. M'Saad, M. Farza, "Adaptive fuzzy vector control for a doubly-fed
induction motor", Neurocomputing, vol. 151, no. 2, pp. 756-769.
[13] P.C. auss, Analysis of Electric machinery, IEEE Press, 1995.
[14] P. Elangovan, N.K. Mohanty, "FPGA Based V/f Control of Three Phase Induction Motor Drives Integrating Super-
Lift Luo Converter". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 393-403,
2015.
[15] R. Kumar Sahu, S. Panda, G.T.C Sekhar, "A novel hybrid PSO-PS optimized fuzzy PI controller for AGC in multi
area interconnected power systems". International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Vol. 64, pp.
880–893, 2015.
[16] R. Rajendran, N. Devarajan, "A Comparative Performance Analysis of Torque Control Schemes for Induction
Motor Drives". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System, Vol.2, No.2, pp. 177-191, 2012.
[17] S.E. Mansour, "Tunnig Pi controllers to approximate simplified predictive control performance", ISA Transactions,
Vol. 48 , no. 4, pp. 417–422, 2009.
[18] S. Padmanaban, J.I. Daya F. Blaabjerg, N.H. Mir-nasiri, A. Ertas, "Numerical implementation of wavelet and fuzzy
transform IFOC for three-phase induction motor", Engineering Science and Technology, 2015.
[19] T.J. Astrom, T. Hagglund, "Automatic Tuning of simple regulators with specifications on phase and amplitude
Margins", Automatica, Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 645-651, 1984.
[20] T.J. Astrom, T. Hagglund, "Automatic Tuning and adaptation for PID controllers", Control and engineering,
Practice, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 699-714, 1993.
[21] Y.Gao, H. Wang, Y.J. Liu, "Adaptive fuzzy control with minimal leaning parameters for electric induction motors",
Neurocomputing, vol. 156, pp. 143–150. 2015
[22] Y. Tang, L. Xu, "Fuzzy logic application for intelligent control of a variable speed drive". IEEE-PES Winter Meet,
1994.
[23] Z. Dezong, L. Chunwen, R. Jun, "Fuzzy speed control and stability analysis of a networked induction motor system
with time delays and packet dropouts", Nonlinear Analysis: Real World Applications, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 273-287,
2011.
[24] Zh. Mosayoshi Tomizuka, S. Isaka, "Fuzzy gain shedling of PID controller", IEEE Trans on system, Man and
cybernetics, Vol. 23, no. 5, 1993.
[25] P. Vas, "Artificial-Intelligence-based Electrical Machines and Drives Application of Fuzzy, Neural", Fuzzy-neural,
and Genetic-algorithm-based Techniques, ISBN 978-0-19-859397-3, 1999.
11. IJPEDS ISSN: 2088-8694
FGS-PI Control for Improving the Speed Behavior of a Three-Phases Induction Motor (H. Othmani)
1171
BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Hichem Othmani was born in Tunisia. He received master degrees in electronics from the
Faculty of Sciences of Tunis in 2012. Between 2013 and 2014, he occupies a temporary
technologist position at Higher Institute of Technological Studies of Zhagwen (Tunisia).
Actually, he is a PhD student in electronics in the Faculty of Sciences of Tunis. He works on
Fuzzy logic control, Photovoltaic Systems, optimization of the law controls by intelligent
technics and it’s Implementation on an embedded design, in the laboratory of analysis and
control systems (ACS) at the National School of Engineering of Tunis (ENIT).
Dhafer Mezghani was born in Tunisia. He received the Master's degree in Automatic from High
School of Science and Technology of Tunis (ESSTT) in 2002. Between 2002 and 2005, he
occupies an assistant contractual position at High School of Computing and Technology (ESTI).
Between 2005 and 2008, he becomes incumbent as assistant at National School of Computer
Science (ENSI), in April 2009, he obtained his Ph.D. in electrical engineering at the National
School of Engineers of Tunis (ENIT) Since September 2010, he was assistant-master at National
School of Computer Science and it operates in the field of electronics and micro-electronics for
embedded systems design (FPGA, microcontrollers) Also, its research affect the bond graph
modeling, analyze and control of power renewable systems (photovoltaic and wind) at the
Faculty of Sciences of Tunis and in the ACS laboratory in ENIT, this research are jointly
supervised with specialty societies.
Abdelkader Mami was born in Tunisia; he is a Professor in Faculty of Sciences of Tunis (FST).
He was received his Dissertation H.D.R (Enabling To Direct of Research) from the University of
Lille (France) 2003, he is a member of Advise Scientific in Faculty of Science of Tunis
(Tunisia), he is a President of commutated thesis of electronics in the Faculty of sciences of
Tunis, He is a person in charge for the research group of analyze and command systems in the
ACS- laboratory in ENIT of Tunis and in many authors fields.