This document presents a new method for starting induction motors to improve transient torque pulsations. It develops a mathematical model of a 415V, 4.7A, 1435rpm induction motor in MATLAB/Simulink. The proposed method connects two phases (Y and B) at startup, with the third phase (R) delayed by 0.0133333 seconds. Simulations show this unbalanced startup reduces torque pulsations and starting current compared to normal startup. The method provides smooth motor acceleration and high starting torque with minimized transients, making it suitable for induction motor applications.
Transient stability analysis on a multi machine system in psateSAT Journals
Abstract
Modern power system are subject to large disturbances such as three phase short circuit faults. When a fault occurs on a system
the generators rotor angle becomes unstable and thus it losses synchronism with the system and it becomes unstable. Thus
transient stability analysis can be performed on a system in order to understand the generators performance when subjected to a
short circuit fault. When the system is subjected to a fault the generator experiences transient oscillations in rotor speed and
angle which can be effectively suppressed with the incorporation of Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) and Power System
Stabilizer (PSS). The simulations have been performed using the MATLAB/PSAT software.
Keywords—Transient stability, Three phase fault Faults, AVR, PSS.
This report gives an overview of patenting activity around Doubly-fed Induction Generators (DFIG) used in the horizontal axis wind turbines for efficient power generation. Patents were categorized as per key DFIG technologies and analyzed for generating different trends within PatSeer Project.
Transient stability analysis on a multi machine system in psateSAT Journals
Abstract
Modern power system are subject to large disturbances such as three phase short circuit faults. When a fault occurs on a system
the generators rotor angle becomes unstable and thus it losses synchronism with the system and it becomes unstable. Thus
transient stability analysis can be performed on a system in order to understand the generators performance when subjected to a
short circuit fault. When the system is subjected to a fault the generator experiences transient oscillations in rotor speed and
angle which can be effectively suppressed with the incorporation of Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) and Power System
Stabilizer (PSS). The simulations have been performed using the MATLAB/PSAT software.
Keywords—Transient stability, Three phase fault Faults, AVR, PSS.
This report gives an overview of patenting activity around Doubly-fed Induction Generators (DFIG) used in the horizontal axis wind turbines for efficient power generation. Patents were categorized as per key DFIG technologies and analyzed for generating different trends within PatSeer Project.
Current Transformer and Potential TransformerRidwanul Hoque
One of the major difference between them is that the current transformer converts the high value of current into low value whereas the potential or voltage transformer converts the high value of voltages into low voltage.
Thank you very much for checking out my presentation.
If you are a student or a faculty of an engineering college and need to create a presentation, you can contact me. Check out my profile to know how.
This presentation explains about the parallel operation of transformers, along with sym. and unsym. voltage ratios, in brief.
A reluctance motor is a type of electric motor that induces non-permanent magnetic poles on the ferromagnetic rotor. The rotor does not have any windings. It generates torque through magnetic reluctance.
Reluctance motor sub types include synchronous, variable, switched and variable stepping.
Reluctance motors can deliver high power density at low cost, making them attractive for many applications. Disadvantages include high torque ripple (the difference between maximum and minimum torque during one revolution) when operated at low speed, and noise due to torque ripple.
In the proposed approach,instead of a conventional 3- Phase inverter a component minimized single pha se inverter is utilized which reduces the cost of the inverter,th e switching losses,and the complexity of interface circuits to generate logic signals. A performance comparison of the prop osed inverter fed drive with a conventional 3Phase inverter fed drive is also mode in terms of speed response and t otal harmonic distortion (THD) of the stator curren t. The proposed inverter fed IM drive is found acceptable consideri ng its cost reduction and other advantageous featur es. A general pulse width modulation (PWM) method for c ontrol of 1-phase inverters is presented. The vecto r PWM offers a simple method to select three or four vectors tha t effectively synthesize the desired output voltage,even in presence of voltage oscillations across the two dc-link capacit ors. The influence of different switching patterns on output voltage symmetry,current waveform,switching frequency and common mode voltage can be examined. The paper als o discusses how the use of the wye and delta connecti ons of the motor windings affects the implementatio n of the pulse width modulator.
ENERGY EFFICIENT VARIABLE SPEED HIGH POWER FACTOR THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR...Journal For Research
Paper presents a new energy efficient technique of three phase AC to AC voltage control using medium frequency pulse width modulation and extinction angle control. This technique is deployed to obtain independent control on speed and power factor of the three phase induction motor, using four semiconductor controllable switches. The technique has been realized using AC freewheeling switch. Power factor (PF) of induction motor reduces as it depends on the load parameters, thus induction motor draws more current, increase stator copper losses. Increased stator copper losses of induction motor causes depreciation of power factor and efficiency. Proposed drive maintains power factor of induction motor at unity for controllable speed of the motor. Thus reduces current consumption of the motor at low speeds. Stator copper losses also reduce and efficiency of the motor is improved. Advantage of proposed drive is its higher efficiency and unity power factor with simplicity of control. .If number of motors are driven using the proposed drive, plenty of power conservation is possible.
Current Transformer and Potential TransformerRidwanul Hoque
One of the major difference between them is that the current transformer converts the high value of current into low value whereas the potential or voltage transformer converts the high value of voltages into low voltage.
Thank you very much for checking out my presentation.
If you are a student or a faculty of an engineering college and need to create a presentation, you can contact me. Check out my profile to know how.
This presentation explains about the parallel operation of transformers, along with sym. and unsym. voltage ratios, in brief.
A reluctance motor is a type of electric motor that induces non-permanent magnetic poles on the ferromagnetic rotor. The rotor does not have any windings. It generates torque through magnetic reluctance.
Reluctance motor sub types include synchronous, variable, switched and variable stepping.
Reluctance motors can deliver high power density at low cost, making them attractive for many applications. Disadvantages include high torque ripple (the difference between maximum and minimum torque during one revolution) when operated at low speed, and noise due to torque ripple.
In the proposed approach,instead of a conventional 3- Phase inverter a component minimized single pha se inverter is utilized which reduces the cost of the inverter,th e switching losses,and the complexity of interface circuits to generate logic signals. A performance comparison of the prop osed inverter fed drive with a conventional 3Phase inverter fed drive is also mode in terms of speed response and t otal harmonic distortion (THD) of the stator curren t. The proposed inverter fed IM drive is found acceptable consideri ng its cost reduction and other advantageous featur es. A general pulse width modulation (PWM) method for c ontrol of 1-phase inverters is presented. The vecto r PWM offers a simple method to select three or four vectors tha t effectively synthesize the desired output voltage,even in presence of voltage oscillations across the two dc-link capacit ors. The influence of different switching patterns on output voltage symmetry,current waveform,switching frequency and common mode voltage can be examined. The paper als o discusses how the use of the wye and delta connecti ons of the motor windings affects the implementatio n of the pulse width modulator.
ENERGY EFFICIENT VARIABLE SPEED HIGH POWER FACTOR THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR...Journal For Research
Paper presents a new energy efficient technique of three phase AC to AC voltage control using medium frequency pulse width modulation and extinction angle control. This technique is deployed to obtain independent control on speed and power factor of the three phase induction motor, using four semiconductor controllable switches. The technique has been realized using AC freewheeling switch. Power factor (PF) of induction motor reduces as it depends on the load parameters, thus induction motor draws more current, increase stator copper losses. Increased stator copper losses of induction motor causes depreciation of power factor and efficiency. Proposed drive maintains power factor of induction motor at unity for controllable speed of the motor. Thus reduces current consumption of the motor at low speeds. Stator copper losses also reduce and efficiency of the motor is improved. Advantage of proposed drive is its higher efficiency and unity power factor with simplicity of control. .If number of motors are driven using the proposed drive, plenty of power conservation is possible.
Closed Loop Speed Control of a BLDC Motor Drive Using Adaptive Fuzzy Tuned PI...IJERA Editor
Brushless DC Motors are widely used for many industrial applications because of their high efficiency, high
torque and low volume. This paper proposed an improved Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller to control the speed of
BLDC motor. This paper provides an overview of different tuning methods of PID Controller applied to control
the speed of the transfer function model of the BLDC motor drive and then to the mathematical model of the
BLDC motor drive. It is difficult to tune the parameters and get satisfied control characteristics by using normal
conventional PI controller. The experimental results verify that Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller has better control
performance than the conventional PI controller. The modeling, control and simulation of the BLDC motor have
been done using the MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Also, the dynamic characteristics of the BLDC motor (i.e.
speed and torque) as well as currents and voltages of the inverter components are observed by using the
developed model.
A Three-to-Five-Phase Matrix Converter BasedFive- Phase Induction Motor Drive...idescitation
This paper presents a five-phase induction motor drive
system fed from a three-to-five-phase matrix converter. This
is a new concept of generating variable voltage and variable
frequency five-phase output using a special matrix converter.
This matrix converter is proposed recently which transform
the available three-phase supply to five-phase supply. Simple
carrier-based PWM scheme with enhanced approach is
employed to control the output of the matrix converter.
Enhanced approach is utilized so as to increase the output
voltage magnitude of the three-to-five-phase matrix converter.
The motor is controlled in constant v/f mode. Simulation study
is carried out for excitation, acceleration, loadingand reversing
transients. High quality dynamics are observed.
Vector Control of Three-Phase Induction Motor with Two Stator Phases Open-Cir...IJPEDS-IAES
Variable frequency drives are used to provide reliable dynamic systems and
significant reduction in usage of energy and costs of the induction motors.
Modeling and control of faulty or an unbalanced three-phase induction motor
is obviously different from healthy three-phase induction motor. Using
conventional vector control techniques such as Field-Oriented Control (FOC)
for faulty three-phase induction motor, results in a significant torque and
speed oscillation. This research presented a novel method for vector control
of three-phase induction motor under fault condition (two-phase open circuit
fault). The proposed method for vector control of faulty machine is based on
rotor FOC method. A comparison between conventional and modified
controller shows that the modified controller has been significantly reduced
the torque and speed oscillations.
Speed control of Three phase Induction motor using AC voltage regulatorShivagee Raj
The role of AC Voltage Regulator in speed control of three phase Induction Motor is to vary the supply voltage which in turn, changes the speed of motor .
Review of the DTC Controller and Estimation of Stator Resistance in IM DrivesIAES-IJPEDS
In recent years an advanced control method called direct torque control
(DTC) has gained importance due to its capability to produce fast torque
control of induction motor. Although in these systems such variables as
torque, flux modulus and flux sector are required, resulting DTC structure is
particularly simplistic. Conventional DTC does not require any mechanical
sensor or current regulator and coordinate transformation is not present, thus
reducing the complexity. Fast and good dynamic performances and
robustness has made DTC popular and is now used widely in all industrial
applications. Despite these advantages it has some disadvantages such as
high torque ripple and slow transient response to step changes during start
up. Torque ripple in DTC is because of hysteresis controller for stator flux
linkage and torque. The ripples can be reduced if the errors of the torque and
the flux linkage and the angular region of the flux linkage are subdivided into
several smaller subsections. Since the errors are divided into smaller sections
different voltage vector is selected for small difference in error, thus a more
accurate voltage vector is selected and hence the torque and flux linkage
errors are reduced. The stator resistance changes due to change in
temperature during the operation of machine. At high speeds, the stator
resistance drop is small and can be neglected. At low speeds, this drop
becomes dominant. Any change in stator resistance gives wrong estimation
of stator flux and consequently of the torque and flux. Therefore, it is
necessary to estimate the stator resistance correctly. This paper aims to
review some of the control techniques of DTC drives and stator resistance
estimation methods.
Matlab Simulation And Comparison Of Single Phase To Three Phase Converter Fe...IJMER
This paper presents MATLAB simulation and comparison of three phase induction motor drive
supplied from single phase supply with one rectifier and two rectifiers systems. To meet the new
harmonic regulation produced by converters both system incorporates an active input current shaping
feature that results in sinusoidal input current at close to unity power factor. Even with the increase in
the number of switches, the total harmonic distortion in supply current of the parallel connected two
rectifier system is lower than that of a conventional one. The model of the system is developed in
MATLAB software. All simulation results and comparison are presented as well
A Soft Switching Control Strategy Based On Interleaved Boost Converter for BL...IAES-IJPEDS
In this paper, Zero-Voltage-Transition (ZVT) based two-cell interleaved
boost Power Factor Correction (PFC) converter for permanent magnet
brushless DC motor (PMBLDCM) drive has been proposed.For achieving
soft switching, only one switch is used in auxiliary circuit which reduces the
torque ripple and switching losses. In this proposed control strategy, the DC
link voltage is which is proportional to the desired speed of the BLDC motor
controlled with interleaved boost converter. In this paper, six switch and four
switch VSI is implemented with interleaved boost converter topology. A
comparison is made between the six switch and four switch VSI fed
PMBLDC Motor drive and torque Analysis as been done. To validate the
proposed work, simulation study is presented. The results showed that
proposed converter control strategy operating under soft switching mode
improves the efficiency in wide range of the speed control.
Experimental Investigations of the Self-Controlled Synchronous Motor Connecte...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper concerns the experimental investigations of the three-phase line
commutated SCR inverter fed synchronous motor. The fabricated system
consists of a line-commuted inverter, a three-phase synchronous motor with
the excitation winding connected in series to the inverter input, a terminal
voltage sensor and a gate-pulse generating circuit. The firing pulses for SCRs
of the inverter are generated by the microprocessor in proper sequence with
the help of synchronizing signal derived from the terminal voltages of the
synchronous machine. The steady state performance characteristics are
obtained experimentally using the fabricated system. The experimental
results show that a three-phase synchronous motor supplied by a line
commutated inverter with the excitation winding connected in series to the dc
link provide excellent characteristics of the conventional dc series motor.
Improved Torque Control Performance in Direct Torque Control using Optimal Sw...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents the significant improvement of Direct Torque Control (DTC) of 3-phases induction machine using a Cascaded H- Bidge Multilevel Inverter (CHMI). The largest torque ripple and variable switching frequency are known as the major problem founded in DTC of induction motor. As a result, it can diminish the performance induction motor control. Therefore, the conventional 2- level inverter has been replaced with CHMI the in order to increase the performance of the motor either in dynamic or steady-state condition. By using the multilevel inverter, it can produce a more selection of the voltage vectors. Besides that, it can minimize the torque ripple output as well as increase the efficiency by reducing the switching frequency of the inverter. The simulation model of the proposed method has been developed and tested by using Matlab software. Its improvements were also verified via experimental results.
Starting Time Calculation for Induction Motor.IJERA Editor
This Paper Presents The Starting Time Calculation For A Squirrel Cage Induction Motor. The Importance Of
Starting Time Lies In Determining The Duration Of Large Current, Which Flows During The Starting Of An
Induction Motor. Normally, The Starting Current Of An Induction Motor Is Six To Eight Time Of Full Load
Current. Plenty Of Methods Have Been Discovered To Start Motor In A Quick Time, But Due To Un-Economic
Nature, Use Are Limited. Hence, For Large Motors Direct Online Starting Is Most Popular Amongst All Due To
Its Economic And Feasible Nature. But Large Current With Dol Starting Results In A Heavy Potential Drop In
The Power System. Thus, Special Care And Attention Is Required In Order To Design A Healthy System.
A Very Simple Method To Calculate The Starting Time Of Motor Is Proposed In This Paper. Respective
Simulation Study Has Been Carried Out Using Matlab 7.8.0 Environment, Which Demonstrates The
Effectiveness Of The Starting Time Calculation.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
1. ISSN: 2277-3754
ISO 9001:2008 Certified
International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT)
Volume 2, Issue 8, February 2013
219
Abstract- In this paper a new strategy for starting of induction
motor is proposed. This scheme depends on the initial switching
instances at which each phases of motor terminals are connected
to the supply. The performance analysis of the motor has been
carried out using a d-q axis induction motor model. A
mathematical model is developed in matlab/simulink for a 415 V,
4.7A, 1435rpm, 50 Hz three phase induction motor. The method is
shown to be very effective in the elimination of transient torque
pulsations and current components during the starting. The
simulation results presented in this paper show the effectiveness of
the method developed.
Index Terms-Induction Motor, Soft Starter, Torque
Pulsations, Modeling.
NOMENCLATURE
J Moment of inertia in Kg-m2
ids, iqs 2-phase stator currents in Ampere
idr, iqr Transformed two phase rotor currents in Ampere
rs, Ls 2-phase stator resistance in ohms and inductance in
Henry
rr, Lr 2-phase stator resistance in ohms and inductance in
Henry referred to stator in ohms
Te Electromagnetic Torque in N-m
TL Load Torque in N-m
Vds, Vqs 2-phasee stator voltage in Volts
Lm mutual inductance in Henry
wr rotor speed in rad/sec
Po Number of poles
I. INTRODUCTION
Three phase induction motors have been the workhorse for
many industrial and manufacturing processes from the
capacity of several kilowatts to thousands of kilowatts as the
driving units. It is a high efficiency electrical machine when
working closed to its rated torque and speed. The starting
methods of three phase induction motor [1] are generally
classified into four basic categories: Direct on line starting,
electromechanical reduced voltage starting, solid state
reduced voltage starting and variable frequency drive starting.
DOL starting of ac motors is the cheapest way but it may
present difficulties for the motor itself and the loads supplied
from the common coupling point because of the voltage dips
in the supply during starting. An uncontrolled starting may
cause a trip in either overload or under-voltage relay,
resulting in starting failure. Furthermore the number of starts
per day is limited to a few attempts. Electromechanical
reduced starting comprises of auto transformer starting,
star-delta starting, resistance or reactor starting. All these
methods have draw backs[2][3] such as need for frequent
inspection and maintenance, non simultaneous switching of
motor phases to the supply, failures in the moving parts due to
the large number of switching etc.VFD is more expensive
than any other method mainly because of the converter and
inverter section. Reduced voltage starters or so called soft
starters are often employed as effective and low cost means of
reducing high starting currents and torque pulsations through
the use of thyristor based voltage control. These are cheap,
simple, and reliable and compact in size and are increasingly
employed in industries nowadays. This circuit is a feasible
solution to the starting problem of large ac motors in
applications where the starting torque requirement of the load
is low. An Induction motor produces severe torque pulsations
depending on the initial switching instants to all the three
phases to the supply [4]. These are often large and vary from
positive to negative values. The mechanical subsystem
determines the amount of torque pulsations in shaft at starting
instant. These may cause shocks to the driven equipment and
damage in mechanical system components such as shafts,
couplings and gears. In this paper a new control strategy is
proposed for minimizing the torque pulsations which is based
on the switching instants of each phases of motor terminals
given to the supply and a mathematical model is developed in
MATLAB/SIMULINK for a 415 V, 4.7A, 1435rpm, and 50
Hz three phase induction motor.
II. MATHEMATICAL MODEL
Starting with the mathematical model of the induction
motor in terms of abc axes quantities, all space-angle and,
hence, time varying inductances are eliminated by applying
the three phase to two phase transformations; to the d-q axis
frame fixed to the stator[5]. The dynamic equations for the
induction motor are given below.
(1)
Where σ = 1- (Lm
2
/LrLs)
Vds and Vqs are given by
A Novel Method for Starting of Induction Motor
with Improved Transient Torque Pulsations
Nithin K.S, Dr. Bos Mathew Jos, Muhammed Rafeek, Dr. Babu Paul
0
0
1
000
0
1
00
00
1
0
000
1
11
2
2
qr
ds
r
r
s
s
qr
dr
qs
ds
r
r
s
mr
rs
ms
s
mr
s
mr
r
r
s
mr
rs
ms
rs
mr
s
mr
s
s
ss
mr
s
mr
rs
ms
ss
mr
s
s
qr
dr
qs
ds
V
V
L
L
L
L
i
i
i
i
L
r
L
L
LL
Lr
L
L
L
L
L
r
L
L
LL
Lr
LL
Lr
L
L
L
r
LL
L
L
L
LL
Lr
LL
L
L
r
dt
di
dt
di
dt
di
dt
di
2. ISSN: 2277-3754
ISO 9001:2008 Certified
International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT)
Volume 2, Issue 8, February 2013
220
…………… (2)
and
..…………………….. (3)
The electromagnetic torque is given by
Te = …………………… (4)
And the speed is governed by
………..……………………..(5)
Fig 1: Schematic Diagram of Starter for Induction Motor
Dedicated software is developed in matlab/simulink for
modeling the drive system. The matrix equation (1) is derived
by the proper transformations of the quantities for which the
rotor reference frame is fixed in the stator. These differential
equations are used to develop a suitable system matrix for the
entire model. Here rs, rr, Ls, Lr are the corresponding stator
and rotor resistances and inductances respectively. Matrix
voltage equations can then be written as in (2) and (3) shown
below and (2) shows the transformation to d-q axis
components. After adding the torque balance equation for
dynamic operation, the model is brought into the state space
form for simulation. Matlab function for measuring the speed
in radians as well as in rpm is also developed.
III. PROPOSED CONTROL SCHEME
Fig 1 shows the schematic of the starting circuit for
induction motor. Three switches are connected to each phase
of the supply. This scheme depends on the switching instants
of each phase of the motor terminals given to the supply. The
switching instants of all the three phases to the supply
determine the current variation and the transient torque
pulsations at the starting of induction motor. So by controlling
the switching instants of the supply the torque pulsations can
be reduced to a minimized level. Also the current can be
maintained within the acceptable limit during starting.
Extensive simulations were carried out with different
combinations of initial switching instances. It is found that
improved starting torque pulsations are obtained by giving Y
and B phases simultaneously at the starting instant t=0 and R
phase with a time delay of t1. So till the switching instant of
the third phase only two phases are available at the motor
terminals. This seems to be a two phase supply to the motor,
results a reduced voltage at the starting instant hence the
current is controlled. Gradual variation in flux also reduces
the torque pulsations. So the motor gets smooth acceleration
and high starting torque with minimized torque pulsations and
reduced starting current. This is found to be better technique
which can put a great effect on the induction motor
applications.
IV. SIMULATION RESULTS
The mathematical model and the proposed control scheme
is implemented in Matlab. Switching instants of three phases
are given as follows. Three input voltages are shown in fig 2.
Switching instants of three phases are
Y,B, phases t= 0
R phase t1=0.0133333sec
Fig .2: Three Phase Input Voltages Given To The Motor
Terminal
The simulation is started with a delay of 2 sec for better
understanding. So all the waveforms in the above figures are
started at instant 2 sec. The voltage waveforms in the new
scheme are given in fig 2. Torque profile for normal starting
scheme is given in fig 3. It is observed that starting of
induction motor with small firing angles, the torque pulsations
are severe. Also the starting current is very much large. But
the time taken to attain the steady state is less compared to
profiles with large firing angles. In the case of large firing
angles, the starting torque pulsations are lesser. But the time
taken to attain the steady state is much larger [6]. Torque
pulsations are large even for this case.
sb
ys
rs
qs
ds
V
V
V
V
V
2
3
2
30
2
1
2
11
3
2
3/2sin(
)3/2sin(
)sin(
t
t
t
V
V
V
V
m
b
y
r
)(
22
3
dsqrdrm iiiqsiL
Po
J
TT
dt
d Ler
3. ISSN: 2277-3754
ISO 9001:2008 Certified
International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT)
Volume 2, Issue 8, February 2013
221
Fig.3: Torque Wave Forms for Firing Angle 00
Fig.4: Torque Characteristics for the Proposed Scheme
In the proposed scheme the torque pulsations are
minimized to a large extent as shown in fig 4. The starting
current is controlled and amplitude variations are reduced to a
permissible level (fig 5). So this method is well suitable for
starting of squirrel cage induction motor.
V. CONCLUSION
In this paper a new control strategy is presented to improve
the electromagnetic torque pulsations at starting. Torque
profile is seemed to be improved with minimized torque
pulsations. In order to obtain a better torque profile, the
system is properly unbalanced by giving only two phases of
supply to the motor model at the starting instant and then third
phase is applied. So this method will efficiently minimize
torque pulsations at starting, hence avoid shocks to the driven
equipment and reduce damage in mechanical system
components such as gears, couplings and shafts. This
technique can be implement in industries for large induction
motors.
APPENDIX
Induction motor details
Three phase, 415V, 4.7A, 1435rpm, 50Hz
Stator resistance, rs= 4.5 Ω
Rotor resistance, rr=4.5 Ω
Magnetizing inductance, Lm=1.296H
Stator inductance, Ls=1.3381H
Rotor inductance, Lr=1.3385H
Moment of inertia, J=0.00605 kgm2
REFERENCES
[1] R.M. Hamouda, A.I.Alolah, M.A.Badr, M.A. Abdel- halim ,
‖A Comparative Study on the Starting Methods of Three phase
wound-rotor Induction Motor’’,IEEE Transactions on Energy
Cpnversion.Vol.14, No.4, December 1999.
[2] A. J. Williams and M. S. Griffith, ―Evaluating the effects of
motor starting on industrial and commercial power systems,‖
IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicant., vol. IA-14, pp. 292–299,
July/Aug. 1978.
[3] J. Nevelsteen and H. Aragon, ―Starting of large
motors—Methods and economics,‖ IEEE Trans. Ind.
Applicat., vol. 25, pp. 1012–1018, Nov./Dec. 1989.
[4] W.S.Wood, F. Flynn, A. Shanmugasundaram. ‖Transient
Torques in Induction motors due to Switching of the supply,’’
Proc. Inst. Elect.Eng., Vol.112, no.7, pp.1348-1354, July1965.
[5] K. Sundareswaran, Bos Mathew Jos,‖ Analysis , Simulation
and Performance Comparison of AC Voltage Controller Fed
Three wire and Four wire connected Induction Motor
Drives‖,IEEE Indicon 2005 Conference, Chennai, India, 11-13
December 2005.
[6] K Sundareswaran, Bos Mathew Jos,’’ Comprehensive Study
on Starting Performance of Thyristor Controlled Induction
Motor Drives’’, IEEE Indicon 2005 conference.
AUTHOR’S PROFILE
Nithin K.S received the B.Tech degree in electrical
and electronics engineering from Govt. Engineering
College Idukki, Mahatma Gandhi University,
Kottayam, and Kerala, INDIA in 2011. He is currently
M.Tech scholar in Power Electronics at Mar
Athanasius College of Engineering, Kothamangalam,
and Mahatma Gandhi University. His areas of interest include power
electronic applications for electric motor drives.
Dr. Bos Mathew Jos received B.Tech Degree from
Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, INDIA
in 1993 and M.Tech and Ph. D Degrees from National
Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, INDIA in 2004
and 2010 respectively. Since 1998, he has been with
Mar Athanasius College of Engineering
Kothamangalam, Kerala. Currently, he is an Associate Professor of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department. His research interests
are Power Electronics and Drives.
Muhammed Rafeek has received the B.Tech degree
in electrical and electronics engineering from College of
Engineering Munnar, Cochin University of Science and
Technology, Kalamassery, Kochi, Kerala, INDIA in
2010. He is currently M.Tech scholar in Power
Electronics at Mar Athanasius College of Engineering,
Kothamangalam, and Mahatma Gandhi University. His
areas of interest include power electronic applications
for electric motor drives.
Dr. Babu Paul received B.Tech Degree from Mahatma
Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, INDIA in 1990
and M.Tech from Govt. Engineering College Thrissur in
2003 and Ph.D from IIT Bombay in 2011. Since 1998, he
has been with Mar Athanasius College of Engineering
Kothamangalam, Kerala. Currently, he is an Associate
Professor of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department.