Paper presents a new energy efficient technique of three phase AC to AC voltage control using medium frequency pulse width modulation and extinction angle control. This technique is deployed to obtain independent control on speed and power factor of the three phase induction motor, using four semiconductor controllable switches. The technique has been realized using AC freewheeling switch. Power factor (PF) of induction motor reduces as it depends on the load parameters, thus induction motor draws more current, increase stator copper losses. Increased stator copper losses of induction motor causes depreciation of power factor and efficiency. Proposed drive maintains power factor of induction motor at unity for controllable speed of the motor. Thus reduces current consumption of the motor at low speeds. Stator copper losses also reduce and efficiency of the motor is improved. Advantage of proposed drive is its higher efficiency and unity power factor with simplicity of control. .If number of motors are driven using the proposed drive, plenty of power conservation is possible.
Speed Control of The Three Phase Induction Motor via changing the line voltageYazan Yousef
This report introduces a method of speed control of the three-phase induction motor driving a fan using the MATLAB. A MATLAB code and Simulink are used to propose the system and to study the speed control method. The method is to control the speed by changing the line voltage. Moreover, the motor performance especially the torque and power are studied during varying the voltage.
V/F Control of Squirrel Cage Induction Motor Drives Without Flux or Torque Me...Waqas Tariq
Based on the popular constant volts per hertz principle, two improvement techniques are presented: keeping maximum torque constant or keeping magnetic flux constant. An open-loop inverter-three-phase squirrel-cage induction motor drive system that provides constant maximum torque or increased maximum torque and reduced slip speed at frequencies below the nominal frequency has been modeled, simulated and tested. Load performance analysis of the proposed system under different operation conditions was provided. These principles of operation are extended to the case of operation from variable frequency or variable voltage control method. Finally, the effects of the non-sinusoidal voltage and/or current wave shapes are covered. The results show that both suggested improvement techniques (constant torque or constant flux) improve the steady-state performance A.C. drive system with squirrel cage induction motors. The slip speed has been decreased and the starting torque and maximum torque have been increased, which means that the suggested control techniques can be used in drive systems with short time operating mode under light loads.
Speed control of three phase im by vf open and close loop methodeSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents the simulation method to control the speed of three phase induction motor by v/f method. Simulation model for speed control in both open loop and close loop is shown here because these motors are the most widely used electrical motor due to the reliability, cheaper cost and thew. Out of the several methods of speed control of an induction such as change of number of poles, variation in frequency, variable stator voltage, constant V/f control, variable rotor resistance, slip recovery method etc., the closed loop constant V/f speed control method is most widely used. Pulse width modulated inverter is the basic requirement of the scheme. Here first a PWM Inverter is modeled and its outputs is fed to the Induction Motor drivesA MATLAB SIMULINK MODEL was designed to successfully implement Open Loop V/f Control on a PWM-Inverter fed three-phase Induction Motor, and the torque is observed to be constant for various rotor speeds. Then a MATLAB model for Closed-Loop V/f Control on a PWM-Inverter fed 3-phase Induction Motor. It was noticed that using a Closed-Loop scheme with a Proportional Integral gave a superior way of controlling the speed of an Induction motor. Keywords: Close loop control, Modelling, Matlab, Open loop control, PWM inverter, Simulink
Speed Control of The Three Phase Induction Motor via changing the line voltageYazan Yousef
This report introduces a method of speed control of the three-phase induction motor driving a fan using the MATLAB. A MATLAB code and Simulink are used to propose the system and to study the speed control method. The method is to control the speed by changing the line voltage. Moreover, the motor performance especially the torque and power are studied during varying the voltage.
V/F Control of Squirrel Cage Induction Motor Drives Without Flux or Torque Me...Waqas Tariq
Based on the popular constant volts per hertz principle, two improvement techniques are presented: keeping maximum torque constant or keeping magnetic flux constant. An open-loop inverter-three-phase squirrel-cage induction motor drive system that provides constant maximum torque or increased maximum torque and reduced slip speed at frequencies below the nominal frequency has been modeled, simulated and tested. Load performance analysis of the proposed system under different operation conditions was provided. These principles of operation are extended to the case of operation from variable frequency or variable voltage control method. Finally, the effects of the non-sinusoidal voltage and/or current wave shapes are covered. The results show that both suggested improvement techniques (constant torque or constant flux) improve the steady-state performance A.C. drive system with squirrel cage induction motors. The slip speed has been decreased and the starting torque and maximum torque have been increased, which means that the suggested control techniques can be used in drive systems with short time operating mode under light loads.
Speed control of three phase im by vf open and close loop methodeSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents the simulation method to control the speed of three phase induction motor by v/f method. Simulation model for speed control in both open loop and close loop is shown here because these motors are the most widely used electrical motor due to the reliability, cheaper cost and thew. Out of the several methods of speed control of an induction such as change of number of poles, variation in frequency, variable stator voltage, constant V/f control, variable rotor resistance, slip recovery method etc., the closed loop constant V/f speed control method is most widely used. Pulse width modulated inverter is the basic requirement of the scheme. Here first a PWM Inverter is modeled and its outputs is fed to the Induction Motor drivesA MATLAB SIMULINK MODEL was designed to successfully implement Open Loop V/f Control on a PWM-Inverter fed three-phase Induction Motor, and the torque is observed to be constant for various rotor speeds. Then a MATLAB model for Closed-Loop V/f Control on a PWM-Inverter fed 3-phase Induction Motor. It was noticed that using a Closed-Loop scheme with a Proportional Integral gave a superior way of controlling the speed of an Induction motor. Keywords: Close loop control, Modelling, Matlab, Open loop control, PWM inverter, Simulink
SPEED AND TORQUE CONTROL OF AN INDUCTION MOTOR WITH ANN BASED DTCijics
Due to advantages such as fast dynamic response, simple and robust control structure, direct torque
control (DTC) is commonly used method in high performance control method for induction motors. Despite
mentioned advantages, there are some chronically disadvantages with this method like high torque and
current ripples, variable switching behaviour and control problems at low speed rates. On the other hand,
artificial neural network (ANN) based control algorithms are getting increasingly popular in recent years
due to their positive contribution to the system performance. The purpose of this paper is investigating of
the effects of ANN integrated DTC method on induction motor performance by numerical simulations. For
this purpose, two different ANN models have been designed, trained and implemented for the same DTC
model. The first ANN model was designed to select optimum inverter and the second model was designed to
use in the determination of the flux vector position. Matlab/Simulink model of the proposed ANN based
DTC method was created in order to compare with the conventional DTC and the proposed DTC methods.
The simulation studies proved that the induction motor torque ripples have been reduced remarkably with
the proposed method and this approach can be a good alternative to the conventional DTC method for
induction motor control.
Matrix Converter based Direct Torque Control of Induction MotorNeehar NLN
This topic falls under the area of speed control of induction motor. The using of advanced power electronic converters provides better response. In this case, a AC/AC converter is used to control the induction motor.
Speed Control System of Induction Motor by using Direct Torque Control Method...ijtsrd
Escalator is useful and act in the important part to carry passengers to the targeted floors of building. Every escalator must be driven by its own motor and this motor speed must be controled. To drive escalator with a constant speed, direct torque control technique is used to drive three phase squirrel cage induction motor. In this paper, the development of speed control system for three phase squirrel cage induction motor using a direct torque control method is presented and simulation for proposed system is done with the help of MATLAB SIMULINK. Soe Sandar Aung | Thet Naing Htun "Speed Control System of Induction Motor by using Direct Torque Control Method used in Escalator" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27903.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/27903/speed-control-system-of-induction-motor-by-using-direct-torque-control-method-used-in-escalator/soe-sandar-aung
Simulation of Direct Torque Control of Induction motor using Space Vector Mo...IJMER
This paper presents simulation of Direct Torque Control (DTC) of Induction Motor using Space
Vector Modulation (SVM). Direct Torque Control is a control strategy used for high performance torque
control of Induction Motor. This SVM based DTC technique reduces torque ripple and improves torque
response. The performance is explained using simulation in MATLAB environment. Result of the
simulation done in the paper shows improvement in flux and torque. These results verifies the merits of
DTC- SVM over conventional Direct Torque Control technique.
Induction motor modelling and applicationsUmesh Dadde
A three-phase induction motor is one of the most popular and versatile motor in electrical
power system and industries. It can perform the best when operated using a balanced three-phase
supply of the correct frequency. In spite of their robustness they do occasionally fail and their
resulting unplanned downtime can prove very costly. Therefore, condition monitoring of
electrical machines has received considerable attention in recent years.
Speed control of single phase induction motor with variable frequency voltage...SHAHRUKH ALAM
A PROJECT ON SPEED CONTROL OF SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR WITH VARIABLE FREQUENCY VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER(VSI) special thanks-:1.Abhishek Srivastav(Coer) 2.Kushal Setia(Coer) 3.Ankit Raj(Coer)
In this presentation, basic study of Control of DC motor , study of MATLAB/Simulink, Simulation of entitled project and problem associate with dc motor.
This presentation has been submitted to Mr.Anurag Agrawal and submitted by Munesh Singh, Anitya Shukla, Devendra Kumar and Aditya Vikram Singh in May 2012 to Kanpur institute of Technology,Kanpur India.
Speed control of Three phase Induction motor using AC voltage regulatorShivagee Raj
The role of AC Voltage Regulator in speed control of three phase Induction Motor is to vary the supply voltage which in turn, changes the speed of motor .
Efficient Motor Control Solutions: High Performance Servo Control (Design Con...Analog Devices, Inc.
This session provides insight into the operation of electric motor drive systems. Topics include electric motor operation and construction, motor control strategies, feedback sensors and circuits, power and isolation, and challenges of designing highly efficient motor control systems. A new high performance servo control FMC board will be presented, which provides an efficient motor control solution for different types of electric motors, addresses power and isolation challenges, and provides accurate measurement of motor feedback signals and increased control flexibility due to FPGA interfacing capabilities. The motor control hardware platform will be used to demonstrate rapid prototyping of motor control algorithms using Xilinx base platforms and the MathWorks development and simulation tools.
Speed Control of Induction Motor using Variable Frequency DriveSandeep Kaushal
Induction motor is constant speed motor at a particular frequency and consumes almost same power irrespective of load demand. Let's talk about two different load one is high load and other low load. AT low load motor is delivering the load with some current and thereby torque is maintained. If load goes high, to maintain the same speed and developed torqued, motor will draw extra current and will corresponds to more losses. If speed of motor is reduced corresponding too low load and is increased corresponding to high load, then substantial amount of power can be saved. And speed can be changed by changing the frequency of input supply.
AN ACTIVE PFC WITH FLYBACK DESIGN FOR INTELLIGENCE IN STREET LIGHT APPLICATIONJournal For Research
As the requirement of energy demand is increasing due to rapid industrial development, it is necessary to meet the growing demand of energy. This can be achieved in two ways: find alternate resource to supply power or energy; or reduce the energy consumption of present resources available. The proposed work is basically the design and implementation of an intelligent street light of 50 W power output from the offline converter by using power LED. As power LED draws huge non sinusoidal current due to the presence of AC-DC converter, a Boost PFC and a fly back converter is used for better power factor and for dc voltage regulation. Along with this a PIR sensor and LDR sensors are also used. A PIC microcontroller is used for PWM dimming. This makes to reduce the power consumption in street light especially in urban cities in which most of the power is wasted in lighting streets during late night.
CORRELATION STUDIES ON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETER AND PHYTOPLANKTON IN FRESH ...Journal For Research
The periodicity of phytoplankton with reference to Physico-chemical and Biological parameters was undertaken from June 2014 to May 2015 in Guthal lake of Mandya. 18 Physicochemical parameter and four groups of planktonic population have been correlated. Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyaceae are controlled by total acidity and Cyanophyceae. Bacillariophyceae are dependent on Magnesium. Total dissolved solids, BOD and Phosphate has maximum role in controlling their growth. Euglenophyceae and Cyanophyceae are regulated by a wide variety of physico-chemical factors of total hardness, total solids, phosphate and BOD. The diversity of phytoplankton is important in understanding the distribution of planktonic algae in fresh water lake.
SPEED AND TORQUE CONTROL OF AN INDUCTION MOTOR WITH ANN BASED DTCijics
Due to advantages such as fast dynamic response, simple and robust control structure, direct torque
control (DTC) is commonly used method in high performance control method for induction motors. Despite
mentioned advantages, there are some chronically disadvantages with this method like high torque and
current ripples, variable switching behaviour and control problems at low speed rates. On the other hand,
artificial neural network (ANN) based control algorithms are getting increasingly popular in recent years
due to their positive contribution to the system performance. The purpose of this paper is investigating of
the effects of ANN integrated DTC method on induction motor performance by numerical simulations. For
this purpose, two different ANN models have been designed, trained and implemented for the same DTC
model. The first ANN model was designed to select optimum inverter and the second model was designed to
use in the determination of the flux vector position. Matlab/Simulink model of the proposed ANN based
DTC method was created in order to compare with the conventional DTC and the proposed DTC methods.
The simulation studies proved that the induction motor torque ripples have been reduced remarkably with
the proposed method and this approach can be a good alternative to the conventional DTC method for
induction motor control.
Matrix Converter based Direct Torque Control of Induction MotorNeehar NLN
This topic falls under the area of speed control of induction motor. The using of advanced power electronic converters provides better response. In this case, a AC/AC converter is used to control the induction motor.
Speed Control System of Induction Motor by using Direct Torque Control Method...ijtsrd
Escalator is useful and act in the important part to carry passengers to the targeted floors of building. Every escalator must be driven by its own motor and this motor speed must be controled. To drive escalator with a constant speed, direct torque control technique is used to drive three phase squirrel cage induction motor. In this paper, the development of speed control system for three phase squirrel cage induction motor using a direct torque control method is presented and simulation for proposed system is done with the help of MATLAB SIMULINK. Soe Sandar Aung | Thet Naing Htun "Speed Control System of Induction Motor by using Direct Torque Control Method used in Escalator" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27903.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/27903/speed-control-system-of-induction-motor-by-using-direct-torque-control-method-used-in-escalator/soe-sandar-aung
Simulation of Direct Torque Control of Induction motor using Space Vector Mo...IJMER
This paper presents simulation of Direct Torque Control (DTC) of Induction Motor using Space
Vector Modulation (SVM). Direct Torque Control is a control strategy used for high performance torque
control of Induction Motor. This SVM based DTC technique reduces torque ripple and improves torque
response. The performance is explained using simulation in MATLAB environment. Result of the
simulation done in the paper shows improvement in flux and torque. These results verifies the merits of
DTC- SVM over conventional Direct Torque Control technique.
Induction motor modelling and applicationsUmesh Dadde
A three-phase induction motor is one of the most popular and versatile motor in electrical
power system and industries. It can perform the best when operated using a balanced three-phase
supply of the correct frequency. In spite of their robustness they do occasionally fail and their
resulting unplanned downtime can prove very costly. Therefore, condition monitoring of
electrical machines has received considerable attention in recent years.
Speed control of single phase induction motor with variable frequency voltage...SHAHRUKH ALAM
A PROJECT ON SPEED CONTROL OF SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR WITH VARIABLE FREQUENCY VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER(VSI) special thanks-:1.Abhishek Srivastav(Coer) 2.Kushal Setia(Coer) 3.Ankit Raj(Coer)
In this presentation, basic study of Control of DC motor , study of MATLAB/Simulink, Simulation of entitled project and problem associate with dc motor.
This presentation has been submitted to Mr.Anurag Agrawal and submitted by Munesh Singh, Anitya Shukla, Devendra Kumar and Aditya Vikram Singh in May 2012 to Kanpur institute of Technology,Kanpur India.
Speed control of Three phase Induction motor using AC voltage regulatorShivagee Raj
The role of AC Voltage Regulator in speed control of three phase Induction Motor is to vary the supply voltage which in turn, changes the speed of motor .
Efficient Motor Control Solutions: High Performance Servo Control (Design Con...Analog Devices, Inc.
This session provides insight into the operation of electric motor drive systems. Topics include electric motor operation and construction, motor control strategies, feedback sensors and circuits, power and isolation, and challenges of designing highly efficient motor control systems. A new high performance servo control FMC board will be presented, which provides an efficient motor control solution for different types of electric motors, addresses power and isolation challenges, and provides accurate measurement of motor feedback signals and increased control flexibility due to FPGA interfacing capabilities. The motor control hardware platform will be used to demonstrate rapid prototyping of motor control algorithms using Xilinx base platforms and the MathWorks development and simulation tools.
Speed Control of Induction Motor using Variable Frequency DriveSandeep Kaushal
Induction motor is constant speed motor at a particular frequency and consumes almost same power irrespective of load demand. Let's talk about two different load one is high load and other low load. AT low load motor is delivering the load with some current and thereby torque is maintained. If load goes high, to maintain the same speed and developed torqued, motor will draw extra current and will corresponds to more losses. If speed of motor is reduced corresponding too low load and is increased corresponding to high load, then substantial amount of power can be saved. And speed can be changed by changing the frequency of input supply.
AN ACTIVE PFC WITH FLYBACK DESIGN FOR INTELLIGENCE IN STREET LIGHT APPLICATIONJournal For Research
As the requirement of energy demand is increasing due to rapid industrial development, it is necessary to meet the growing demand of energy. This can be achieved in two ways: find alternate resource to supply power or energy; or reduce the energy consumption of present resources available. The proposed work is basically the design and implementation of an intelligent street light of 50 W power output from the offline converter by using power LED. As power LED draws huge non sinusoidal current due to the presence of AC-DC converter, a Boost PFC and a fly back converter is used for better power factor and for dc voltage regulation. Along with this a PIR sensor and LDR sensors are also used. A PIC microcontroller is used for PWM dimming. This makes to reduce the power consumption in street light especially in urban cities in which most of the power is wasted in lighting streets during late night.
CORRELATION STUDIES ON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETER AND PHYTOPLANKTON IN FRESH ...Journal For Research
The periodicity of phytoplankton with reference to Physico-chemical and Biological parameters was undertaken from June 2014 to May 2015 in Guthal lake of Mandya. 18 Physicochemical parameter and four groups of planktonic population have been correlated. Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyaceae are controlled by total acidity and Cyanophyceae. Bacillariophyceae are dependent on Magnesium. Total dissolved solids, BOD and Phosphate has maximum role in controlling their growth. Euglenophyceae and Cyanophyceae are regulated by a wide variety of physico-chemical factors of total hardness, total solids, phosphate and BOD. The diversity of phytoplankton is important in understanding the distribution of planktonic algae in fresh water lake.
The power electronics device which converts DC power to AC power at required output voltage and frequency level is known as inverter. Multilevel inverter is to synthesize a near sinusoidal voltage from several levels of dc voltages. In order to maintain the different voltage levels at appropriate intervals, the conduction time intervals of MOSFETS have been maintained by controlling the pulse width of gating pulses. In this paper single phase to three phase power conversion using PWM technique. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment which demonstrate the feasibility of proposed scheme.
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Direct torque control using neural network approacheSAT Journals
Abstract Direct Torque Control (DTC) is one of the latest technique to control the speed of motor, in this paper, the control technique of DTC is based on when load changes then inverter switch position are changed and supply to the motor is changed, in this paper Proportional Integral (PI), Neural Network (NN) controller and Adaptive motor model is designed this is the heart of the DTC, as we know that DTC doesn’t require any feedback and sensors to measure. The NN structure is to be implemented by input output (nonlinear) mapping models and is constructed with input, output and hidden layers of sigmoid activation functions. It has been introduced as a possible solution to the real multivariate interpolation problem. To improve the performance of DTC with the modern technique using NN approach is implemented, and performance of DTC with PI controller and NN controller is done, hence, the NN approach shows the better performance than conventional PI controller. Keywords: DTC, PI, NN, Adaptive Motor Model and MATLAB.
CHARACTERIZATION & DURABILITY PROPERTIES OF ULTRAFINE FLY ASH BASED GEOPOLYME...Journal For Research
Huge scale generation of cement is creating environmental issue on one hand and depletion of natural resources on the other hand. This danger to nature has prompted research being made of industrial byproducts as supplementary cementetious materials in making concrete for more green and durable. Fly ash and silica fume both are pozzolanic materials which have been broadly utilized for improving the properties like strength and durability in concrete. Silica fume demonstrates the greater pozzolanic activity then fly ash because of its finer particle size distribution, the pozzolanic activity of fly ash also can be enhanced by decreasing the particle size distribution. Geopolymer is a class of aluminosilicate binding materials integrated by thermal action of solid aluminosilicate based materials such as metakoaline, GGBFS, fly ash. Geopolymer get activated with the alkaline solution and heat. Sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate were utilized as an alkaline solution with a steady ratio of 2.5 and the mix is designed for molarity 10 for the work carried out. In the present study, an attempt has been made to explore the geopolymer concrete by utilizing ultrafine fly ash (UFFA) produced by air classification and processed GGBFS with varied proportions. Discusses on the properties of geopolymer concrete has also been mentioned. Compressive strength and durability tests like Permeability, Abrasion, Sorptivity, Acid and sulphate attack, Drying shrinkage were conducted. In this work geopolymer concrete was prepared with varying proportions of GGBS and UFFA in the ratio of 92.5:7.5 and 88:12 and 80:20. The maximum strength was achieved for the ratio 92.5:7.5. The obtained compressive strength is in the range of 36.5MPa to 91.6MPa from 1st day to 28th day of hot curing.
CLOUD ANALYTICS: AN INSIGHT ON DATA AND STORAGE SERVICES IN MICROSOFT AZUREJournal For Research
The growing demand of cloud adoption in the organizations has made IT business to refine their existing strategy. It is important to leverage the existing infrastructure and move the data to cloud which has a competitive edge in terms of operational cost. The adaptability to change is the key and with the agility through cloud, highly scalable and data availability with minimal downtime at enterprise is established. Microsoft Azure is one of the leading cloud vendors in the market and their capabilities in Analytics, Data and Storage services helps the organizations to move their data to cloud with ease. They provide hybrid cloud model with related services which enable flexibility to meet any specific business needs with instant scalability and flexible architectural patterns. There are catalog of services offered by Microsoft Azure to have the data on cloud and build an integrated solution. In this paper, Azure cloud data and storage services are discussed along with other essential capabilities providing value to business.
The wi-fi energy transfer (WPT) is an emerging era with increasingly more ability packages to transfer energy from a transmitter to a cellular receiver over a noticeably huge air gap. but, its extensive utility is hampered due to the relatively low performance of modern wireless power switch (WPT) structures. This study gives an idea to maximize the performance in addition to to increase the quantity of extractable electricity of a WPT system operating in resonant operation. The proposed method is primarily based on actively modifying the equal secondary-side load impedance by controlling the section-shift of the active rectifier and its output voltage degree. The offered hardware prototype represents an entire wireless charging machine, consisting of a dc–dc converter that is used to price a battery at the output of the system. Experimental results are shown for the proposed concept in comparison to a traditional synchronous rectification approach. The supplied optimization technique sincerely outperforms trendy solutions in phrases of efficiency and extractable power.
Comparative analysis of multilevel inverter topologies for induction motor dr...eSAT Journals
Abstract Induction motors are widely used in industries, because they are rugged, reliable and economical and hence they are called as work horse power of industry. Induction motor drive requires suitable converters to get the required speed and torque without or negligible ripples. Multilevel inverters can do this job. But the conventional MLIs such as Diode Clamped MLIs requires extra diodes in conjunction with the active switches, Flying capacitor MLIs requires extra Capacitors and control also difficult if the levels increases and the Cascaded H-bridge MLIs requires separate dc sources which limits its use. This paper proposes a new type of multi level Inverter which converts the dc into ac using less number of switches when compared to conventional multilevel Inverters. The proposed Inverter uses only seven switches to get 13-level output voltage compared conventional cascaded H-bridge uses twelve switches. The comparison between the conventional MLIs and proposed inverter is presented in this paper. Finally the induction motor using proposed inverter with thirteen level is simulated using Matlab/Simulink environment and the corresponding results are presented in this paper. Keywords- Grid interconnection, PV system, MLI, Renewable energy sources (RES).
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The increase in the number of motorcycles in Indian cities is due to several factors such as traffic, low cost, mobility, few parking lots and the low efficiency of public transportation, becoming an important factor in air quality deterioration. In this context, vehicle emissions monitoring is essential to understand the contribution to air pollution as a whole. . The development of models for air pollution assessment has been identified as an important area for future research. Air pollution due to massive use of motor vehicles in urban areas of India is one of the most serious and the fastest growing problem to solve. These motor vehicles emit significant quantities of CO2, CO, hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, SPM and other toxic substances in the atmosphere which adversely affect the environmental and the health. The objective of this study is to understand the chemistry of air pollution with its precise estimation through modeling. The behavior and relation between emission and deposition of pollutants can explain with the help of air quality models. Modeling is a set of different scientific methods that are helpful to analyse the nature and behavior of pollutants in the atmosphere. On the basis of source of pollutant air quality models are classified as point, area or line source models. Various Gaussian based line source models are commonly used in India to assess the impact of vehicular pollution along the roads or highways. The CO pollutant concentration values were compared with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), and the CO values were predicted by using CALINE4 model. The possible association between CO pollutant concentration and traffic parameters like traffic flow, type of vehicle, and Roadway width was also evaluated.
This paper proposes smart monitoring of automobiles using IoT, which has the same functionality of conventional scanner-automobile diagnostic device. It consists of a Raspberry pi, Arduino Uno board, Web page for the service centre and also various sensors. The sensors attached in the car are connected with the Arduino board and the output is given to the raspberry pi and the Ethernet field uploads these readings to the server. If any variation in the readings, the server will send SMS to the users mobile to inform about the particular condition. And also it is possible to check the current status of the vehicle and there is special facility called emergency request that is requested by the user to inform about the accident or sudden breakdown to the service centre. It also has an obstacle sensor to sense any obstacles within a particular distance. Dust sensor fixed inside the car monitors the dust content, which can cause health problems to passengers. If there occurs any such scenarios, an SMS will be sent to the user. The vehicle will not get started if the seat belt is not worn by the driver. Detection of fire or water can result to automatic unlocking of the seat belts.
Closed Loop Speed Control of a BLDC Motor Drive Using Adaptive Fuzzy Tuned PI...IJERA Editor
Brushless DC Motors are widely used for many industrial applications because of their high efficiency, high
torque and low volume. This paper proposed an improved Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller to control the speed of
BLDC motor. This paper provides an overview of different tuning methods of PID Controller applied to control
the speed of the transfer function model of the BLDC motor drive and then to the mathematical model of the
BLDC motor drive. It is difficult to tune the parameters and get satisfied control characteristics by using normal
conventional PI controller. The experimental results verify that Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller has better control
performance than the conventional PI controller. The modeling, control and simulation of the BLDC motor have
been done using the MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Also, the dynamic characteristics of the BLDC motor (i.e.
speed and torque) as well as currents and voltages of the inverter components are observed by using the
developed model.
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In the proposed approach,instead of a conventional 3- Phase inverter a component minimized single pha se inverter is utilized which reduces the cost of the inverter,th e switching losses,and the complexity of interface circuits to generate logic signals. A performance comparison of the prop osed inverter fed drive with a conventional 3Phase inverter fed drive is also mode in terms of speed response and t otal harmonic distortion (THD) of the stator curren t. The proposed inverter fed IM drive is found acceptable consideri ng its cost reduction and other advantageous featur es. A general pulse width modulation (PWM) method for c ontrol of 1-phase inverters is presented. The vecto r PWM offers a simple method to select three or four vectors tha t effectively synthesize the desired output voltage,even in presence of voltage oscillations across the two dc-link capacit ors. The influence of different switching patterns on output voltage symmetry,current waveform,switching frequency and common mode voltage can be examined. The paper als o discusses how the use of the wye and delta connecti ons of the motor windings affects the implementatio n of the pulse width modulator.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Improved Rotor Speed Brushless DC Motor Using Fuzzy Controllerijeei-iaes
A brushless DC (BLDC) Motors have advantages over brushed, Direct current (DC) Motors and , Induction motor (IM). They have better speed verses torque characteristics, high dynamic response, high efficiency, long operating life, noiseless operation, higher speed ranges, and rugged construction. Also, torque delivered to motor size is higher, making it useful in application where space and weight are critical factors. With these advantages BLDC motors find wide spread application in automotive appliance, aerospace medical, and instrumentation and automation industries This paper can be seen as fuzzy controllers compared to PI control BLDC motor rotor speed has improved significantly and beter result can be achieve.
This paper presents a novel converter configuration with fewer for switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive. The proposed novel converter insists for less number of switches compared to conventional asymmetrical type of converter configuration for switched reluctance motor. Switch count reduction in converter reduces the losses, volume of heat sink, and number of gate drive circuits and thereby the performance of the system. Closed loop speed control of switched reluctance motor fed from proposed novel converter topology was presented in this paper. Performance of closed loop operation is compared to open loop system. Further the proposed converter for SRMT is evaluated with loaded condition and comparative analysis of no-load and loaded SRM is presented. The model presented is developed and the results are analyzed using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Closed loop performance of proposed novel converter fed switched reluctance motor drive is verified at fixed speed and variable speed conditions.
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Transient Dynamic Analyzing for Induction Motor Design Based on combine Simul...IJERA Editor
The paper introduces an industrial application of field-circuit-mechanical combined simulation on the induction
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electromagnetic field is calculated with time stepping Finite Element method, while VFD circuit is simulated
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DESIGN ANALYSIS AND FABRICATION OF MANUAL RICE TRANSPLANTING MACHINE | J4RV4I...Journal For Research
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ENERGY EFFICIENT VARIABLE SPEED HIGH POWER FACTOR THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE USING COMBINED PWM AND EXTINCTION ANGLE CONTROL
1. Journal for Research| Volume 02 | Issue 06 | August 2016
ISSN: 2395-7549
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 17
Energy Efficient Variable Speed High Power
Factor Three Phase Induction Motor Drive using
Combined PWM and Extinction Angle Control
Mrs. S.H. Deshmukh Ms. Medha R. Giri
Student Student
Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering
SRCoEM SRCoEM
Afsana Shaik Dr. D.R. Tutakne
Student Professor
Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering
SRCoEM SRCoEM
Abstract
Paper presents a new energy efficient technique of three phase AC to AC voltage control using medium frequency pulse width
modulation and extinction angle control. This technique is deployed to obtain independent control on speed and power factor of
the three phase induction motor, using four semiconductor controllable switches. The technique has been realized using AC
freewheeling switch. Power factor (PF) of induction motor reduces as it depends on the load parameters, thus induction motor
draws more current, increase stator copper losses. Increased stator copper losses of induction motor causes depreciation of power
factor and efficiency. Proposed drive maintains power factor of induction motor at unity for controllable speed of the motor.
Thus reduces current consumption of the motor at low speeds. Stator copper losses also reduce and efficiency of the motor is
improved. Advantage of proposed drive is its higher efficiency and unity power factor with simplicity of control. .If number of
motors are driven using the proposed drive, plenty of power conservation is possible.
Keywords: Extinction Angle Control (EAC), Pulse Width Modulation Control (PWM), Extinction Angle (β), Power
Factor (PF), Induction Motor (IM)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
I. INTRODUCTION
Energy saving is energy generation. Now-a-days power conservation is an issue across the globe. Three phase induction motor is
most widely used in industries than other machines due to their advantages such as simplicity in construction, reliability in
operation, and cheapness. The speed control of such motors can be achieved by controlling the applied voltage on the motor by
the use of power electronic devices [1]. AC voltage controllers as power converters are also used as induction motor soft starter
.But this suffers from several disadvantages such as retardation of firing angle, poor input power factor, complex control
techniques and large number of switches [2]. Three phase induction motors (IM) for fans and blowers applications in industries
are mostly driven through variable voltage variable frequency (VVVF) drive that provides speed control of induction motor.
With VVVF drive, power factor (PF) of induction motor reduces as it depends on the load parameters thus induction motor
draws more current, increase stator copper losses. The proposed drive can operate induction motor with unity PF for any speed.
Thus improves PF of an industry, using this drive. In addition, it offers free wheeling in AC load. Even for the operation where
VVVF is not required with IM this drive can be installed to improve the overall PF of an industry.
II. CONTROL TECHNIQUE
Combined Extinction Angle and PWM Control
This is a novel technique that is introducing a combination extinction angle (𝛽) control and PWM control for three phase
induction motor drive. In this technique both the control technique will be acted simultaneously. In EAC control the conduction
is started at zero crossing of the supply voltage, forced commutated at the (𝑤𝑡 = 𝜋 − 𝛽) and also a freewheeling path is provided
for the load current to discharge the stored energy of input voltage. In the conduction period from (𝑤𝑡 = 0) to (w𝑡 = 𝜋 − 𝛽),
pulse width modulation control is applied i.e. in this conduction period output voltage waveform is in the form of number of
pulses instead of single pulse in each half cycle. EAC technique is to provide leading power factor. PWM technique is used for
better power factor (lagging). By using the combined technique advantages of extinction angle control along with merits of
PWM control are employed for controlling induction motor drive, thus results in achieving unity pf for any speed and induction
motor is expected to draw comparatively less current, thus stator copper losses of three phase induction motor are reduced. If
2. Energy Efficient Variable Speed High Power Factor Three Phase Induction Motor Drive using Combined PWM and Extinction Angle Control
(J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 02 / 004)
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 18
losses are reduced efficiency of motor is improved. In this technique only four semiconductor switches are used instead of six as
in phase angle control. So, complexity of circuit is also reduced.
III. POWER CIRCUIT
The power circuit of the proposed technique is shown in Fig.1. In this diagram 3-phase supply is connected to stator winding of
3-phase induction motor through single phase diode bridge along with semiconductor switch(IGBT,GTO etc.) in each phase,
whereas instead of three more switches for providing freewheeling path to each phase current only one switch with three phase
diode bridge is used. This switch is connected in parallel to the 3-phase stator winding of induction motor.
Hence only four switches are used instead of six. Snubber (R-C) circuit across each of the four switch are connected to provide
dead time in between the operation of the main and freewheeling switches.
AC
D1 D3
D4
D10
D11
D16
Va
AC
D5
D6
D7
D8
Vb
AC
D9
D12
Vc
D13
3 phase stator winding of induction
motor
S2
D2
S1
S3
D15 D17
D18 D14
S4
R
C
R
R
C
C
C
R
Fig. 1: Power circuit of combined extinction angle and PWM controlled three phase induction motor drive
IV. MODES OF OPERATION
The operating modes of proposed drive are divided into four modes
Active mode
Dead time-I mode
Freewheeling mode
Dead time-II mode
Active Mode (Mode-I)
AC
D1 D3
D4
D10
D11
D16
Va
AC
D5
D6
D7
D8
Vb
AC
D9
D12
Vc
D13
3 phase stator winding of induction
motor
S2
D2
S1
S3
D15 D17
D18 D14
S4
R
R
R
R
C
C
C
C
Fig. 2: Active Mode
3. Energy Efficient Variable Speed High Power Factor Three Phase Induction Motor Drive using Combined PWM and Extinction Angle Control
(J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 02 / 004)
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 19
The active mode corresponds to the ON-state period of the main switches S1 S2 S3 and during this mode of operation switch S4
remains OFF. When switches S1 S2 S3 are made ON, the current flows from the three phase supply to the three phase stator
winding through the switches S1 S2 S3 simultaneously along with forward biased diagonally opposite diodes of the bridge as
shown in Fig.2. The supply voltage appears across the terminals of star connected stator winding during mode-I.
Dead Time-I Mode (Mode-II)
When switch S1 S2 S3 are turned OFF, the stator terminals gets isolated from the AC supply .The stator current flows through
parallel snubber circuit (R-C circuit) connected across each switch (S1 S2 S3) for very short time. This short time when three
main switches S1 ,S2, S3 are turned OFF and auxiliary switch S4 is about to turn ON is known as dead time-I (mode-II) as
shown in Fig.3.
Fig. 3: Dead Time Mode-I
Freewheeling Mode (Mode-III)
The freewheeling auxiliary switch S4 is turned ON during mode-III. In this mode the three phase stator currents will decay and
circulates through three phase diode bridge rectifier. The parallel connected freewheeling switch S4 as shown in Fig.4.In this
mode, three phase load current discharges its stored energy.
Dead Time-II Mode (Mode-VI)
At the end of mode-III, switch S4 gets turned OFF and main switches S1 S2 S3 are about to turn ON. This short time interval when
all the switches are OFF is called Dead time-II (mode-IV) as shown in Fig.5. The input line current during mode-II and mode-IV
will be zero, but motor current continues to flow during all the four modes and hence circulates continuously during all the
modes. In this mode, snubber across switch S4 completes the path for the current and dead time is provided before switching on
the main switches.
Fig. 4: Freewheeling Mode
4. Energy Efficient Variable Speed High Power Factor Three Phase Induction Motor Drive using Combined PWM and Extinction Angle Control
(J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 02 / 004)
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 20
AC
D1 D3
D4
D10
D11
D16
Va
AC
D5
D6
D7
D8
Vb
AC
D9
D12
Vc
D13
3 phase stator winding of induction
motor
S2
D2
S1
S3
D15 D17
D18 D14
S4 C
C
C
C
R
R
R
R
Fig. 5: Dead Time II Mode
V. MATLAB CIRCUIT
This section presents the performance evaluation of the proposed scheme with the high frequency PWM technique by simulation
using MATLAB Simulink. The complete simulation model for soft starting and speed control of 3 phase induction motor using
IGBT is shown in Fig.6.
Fig. 6: MATLAB circuit of proposed drive
Table - 1
Simulation Parameter
Sr. No Parameter Value
1 Maximum Supply Voltage 400V
2 Supply Frequency 50Hz
3 Switching Frequency 3kHz
4 Duty Cycle 0.4
5 Load Resistance 50Ω
6 Load Inductance 10mH
High frequency fixed PWM is generated by comparing triangular wave with dc value. The switching signals have either 0
(turn off) or 1 (turn on). The load is taken as a simple R-L load. The three phase RL load represents three phase stator winding
resistance and inductance. Simulation is carried out to determine load voltages of three phases, load current and supply voltage at
5. Energy Efficient Variable Speed High Power Factor Three Phase Induction Motor Drive using Combined PWM and Extinction Angle Control
(J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 02 / 004)
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 21
different extinction angle (10 degree and 25 degree). Table.1. represents the values of parameters used for simulation and
following results are obtained.
VI. SIMULATION RESULTS
The simulation result in fig.7. are the gate pulses for all the switches (S1 S2 S3 S4) at extinction angle 10 degree obtained by
comparing triangular wave of 3khz with dc value of 0.4. PWM pulses obtained for switches S2 and S3 are phase shifted by the
pulses of switch S1 by 120 degree and 240 degree respectively. Switch S4 operates in complementary to all the three switches, so
the pulses obtained for it are complementary to the pulses obtained for the three main switches.
Fig. 7: Gate pulses for extinction angle at 10 degree
Result obtained in fig.8.are the waveform for the three phase load voltage with an extinction angle 10 degree and PWM of
3khz frequency.
Fig. 8: Load voltage waveform for three phases at extinction angle 10 degree
The result obtained in fig.9. shows the waveform of instantaneous load current for phase A, from which fundamental value of
load current can be derived and it can be seen that current is leading supply voltage of phase A by a minimum value of phase
angle. Thus the obtained power factor will be near to unity.
Fig. 9: Load current and supply voltage waveform at extinction angle 25 degree
6. Energy Efficient Variable Speed High Power Factor Three Phase Induction Motor Drive using Combined PWM and Extinction Angle Control
(J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 02 / 004)
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 22
Results in the Fig.10 Show the pulses of switches S1 S2 S3 S4 with extinction angle 35 degree.
Fig. 10: Gate pulses for extinction angle at 25 degree
Results obtained in fig.11.are the waveform for the three phase load voltage with an extinction angle 25 degree and PWM of
3KHz frequency.
Fig. 11: Load voltage waveform for three phases at extinction angle 25 degree
The result obtained in fig.12. shows the waveform of instantaneous load current for phase A, from which fundamental value
of load current can be derived and it can be seen that current is leading supply voltage of phase A by a some value of phase
angle. Thus the obtained power factor will be leading.
Fig. 12: Load current and supply voltage waveform at extinction angle 25 degree
7. Energy Efficient Variable Speed High Power Factor Three Phase Induction Motor Drive using Combined PWM and Extinction Angle Control
(J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 02 / 004)
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 23
VII. FFT ANALYSIS OF LOAD CURRENT OF PHASE A FOR EXTINCTION ANGLE 10 DEGREE
Figure 13 shows FFT analysis of load current of phase A for extinction angle of 10 10 degree and figure 14 shows the FFT
analysis of load current of phase A for for extinction angle of 25 degree. It has been observed that THD for 10 degree is 25.8%
and THD for 25 degree extinction angle is 33.3%.
Fig. 13: FFT analysis of load current of phase A for extinction angle 10
Fig.14 FFT analysis of load current of phase A for extinction angle for 25
VIII. CONCLUSION
In the proposed drive desired range of voltage and highpower factor control are obtainable by controlling the extinction angle
and PWM control simultaneously. Best results are obtained for extinction angle for 10 degree. In the proposed scheme induction
motor is expected to draw comparatively lesser current than VVVF and conventional phase angle controlled drive. The stator
copper losses are expected to reduce due to increase in power factor and reduction in magnitude of stator current.
REFERENCES
[1] Nabil A. Ahmed and Emad H. El-Zohri, “Power Factor Improvement Of Single Phase Ac Voltage Controller Employing Extinction Angle Control
Technique,” IEEE transaction on Circuits and Systems, vol.3, pp.1075-1080, Dec. 2003.
[2] Nabil A. Ahmed, Masafumi Miyatake, Hyun Woo Lee and Mutsuo Nakaoka “ A Novel Circuit Topology of Three-Phase Direct AC-AC PWM Voltage
Regulator” IEEE transaction on Industry Applications Conference, vol.4, pp.2076-2081, Oct. 2006.
[3] Bilal Saraçoğlu “Supply power factor and load current harmonic performance improvement of three phase AC voltage Controller,” Scientific Research and
Essays, Vol. 5 (9), 4 May, 2010
[4] Ju-Sung Kang, Nabil A. Ahmed, Kwang-Joo Choi, Hyun Woo Lee and Mutsuo Nakaoka, “Pulse Modulated AC Voltage Regulator Using Bidirectional
Active Switches with Different Control Strategies, ” IEEE transaction Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS) , vol.2, pp.1107-1111, Sept. 2005
[5] A.M. Eltamaly ,A.I. Alolah and R.M. Hamouda “ Performance Evaluation of Three-Phase Induction Motor under Different AC Voltage Control Strategies
Part I,” IEEE transaction on Electrical Machines and Power Electronics, pp.770-774, Sept. 2007
[6] Dong-Choon Lee, Member, IEEE, and Young-Sin Kim, “Control of Single Phase-to-Three-Phase AC/DC/AC PWM Converters for Induction Motor
Drives,” IEEE transactions on industrial electronics, vol. 54, no. 2, april 2007.
[7] Upama Bose, K. Divya, Vallathur Jyothi, and Sreejith., “ Performance Analysis of Four-switch Three-phase Inverter-fed Induction Motor drive,” IEEE
transaction on Power and Energy Systems Conference: Towards Sustainable Energy, pp.1-6, March 2014.
[8] Kushal Dhawad, R.D. Patane and Vittesh Naphade, “Efficient Speed Control of 3-ph Induction Motor with Two Stage IPFC Using 1-ph Supply,”
International Journal of Emerging Science and Engineering (IJESE), Volume-2, Issue-4 February 2014.
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04
-2
0
2
Selected signal: 2 cycles. FFT window (in red): 1 cycles
Time (s)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
0
20
40
60
80
100
Frequency (Hz)
Fundamental (50Hz) = 2.575 , THD= 25.85%
Mag(%ofFundamental)
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04
-2
0
2
Selected signal: 2 cycles. FFT window (in red): 1 cycles
Time (s)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
0
20
40
60
80
100
Frequency (Hz)
Fundamental (50Hz) = 2.42 , THD= 33.20%
Mag(%ofFundamental)