Wind energy is one of the extraordinary promising sources of renewable energy due to its clean character, free availability and economic viability. A Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) feeds power from both the stator and the rotor windings at speeds above synchronous speed of the machine. This paper deals the load frequency control of doubly fed induction generator in isolated mode and grid connected mode. The wind turbine model is obtained using MATLAB/ SIMULINK which consists of DFIG, rotor side rectifier, grid side inverter and grid. This model is controlled by conventional controllerand proposed Load Frequency Control (LFC) method. The results are proven that frequency control gives better results in all the aspects
Performance analysis of various parameters by comparison of conventional pitc...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper deals with a variable speed wind turbine coupled with a permanent magnet synchronous generator connected through a two mass drive train. This drive train is connected to synchronous generator and after the conversion process finally connected to grid and the idea of transmission over a long distance makes the use of converter necessary and at the receiving end. The inverter is used to convert it back and the inverter is designed with a proper gate signal to get the best output three phase voltages. The fuzzy logic controller is used to track generator speed with varying wind speed to optimize turbine aerodynamic efficiency in the outer speed loop. Pitch angle control of wind turbine has been used widely to reduce torque and output power variation in high rated wind speed areas .The machine side converter is designed to extract maximum power from the wind. In this work a WECS connected with grid is designed in Matlab and a Fuzzy controller is designed to improve the output and we can see the major difference in DC link voltage and reactive power in transmission line. From the outputs we can also go through the reactive power issue which system is best for inductive load or capacitive load. The simple PI system is good for capacitive load and the fuzzy system is better option for the inductive load. The results of both the system of normal controller and fuzzy controller is compared and analyzed. Key Words: Fuzzy logic controller (FLC), permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) , Pulse width modulation (PWM), Wind energy conversion system, DC link capacitor. FACTS Flexible A.C Transmission system, PI proportional integral
Performance analysis of various parameters by comparison of conventional pitc...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Independent Control Of Active And Reactive Powers From DFIG By Logic FuzzyIJRES Journal
This paper presents the study and use by simulating the fuzzy logic control of asynchronous
generator dual fuel in the production of electrical energy that the .for I prepared a study of the wind system and
a model of the wind turbine was established by following the study and modeling of doubly fed asynchronous.
Two types of vector control have been the subject of study in this work for independent control of active and
reactive power: the direct and indirect control .la fuzzy PI control is introduced to increase the robustness of
markers vis-à-screw parametric variation of the machine in the simulation results obtained were compared to the
validated work articles cited in the bibliography.
Wind Energy Conversion System Using PMSG with T-Source Three Phase Matrix Con...IJTET Journal
This paper presents an analysis of a PMSG wind power system using T-Sourcethree phase matrix converter. PMSG using T-Source three phase matrix converterhas advantages that it can provide any desired AC output voltage regardless of DC input with regulation in shoot-through time. In this control system T-Source capacitor voltage can be kept stable with variations in the shoot-through time, maximum power from the wind turbine to be delivered. Inaddition, of a new future, the converter employs a safe-commutation strategy toconduct along a continuous current flow, which results in theelimination of voltage spikes on switches without the need for a snubber circuit. With the use of matrix converter the surely need forrectifier circuit and passive components to store energy arereduced. The MATLAB/Simulinkmodel of the overall system is carried out and theoretical wind energy conversion output load voltage calculations are madeand feasibility of the new topology has been verified and that theconverter can produce an output voltage and output current. This proposed method has greater efficiency and lower cost.
DFIG control of WECS using indirect matrix converter Kuldeep Behera
The connection and operation of wind power plants produce some problems that are rising partly owing to large changeability of environment conditions, influencing the electrical energy supply from these sources. To be possible to study phenomena that are connected with wind power plants and impacts of their operation on the operation of distribution and transmission systems, it is necessary to do such as in other branches, different computer simulations. A grid connected wind power generation scheme using doubly fed induction generator is studied. The aim is modelling and simulation of DFIG operating in two quadrants (torque-speed) by a suitable control technique to control the rotor current. This method will also replace the conventional converter by Indirect Matrix Converter.
Grid-Connection Control and Simulation of PMSG Wind Power System Based on Mul...ijsrd.com
This dissertation proposes a wind energy conversion system is composed of a wind turbine PMSG, a rectifier, and an inverter. The wind turbine PMSG transforms the mechanical power from the wind into the electrical power, while the rectifier converts the AC power into DC power and controls the speed of the PMSG. The controllable inverter helps in converting the DC power to variable frequency and magnitude AC power. With the voltage oriented control, the inverter also possesses the ability to control the active and reactive powers injected into the grid. Multilevel inerter is used to step up the voltage and to reduce the THD. Here nine level and eleven level inverter are used and the voltage increases and THD reduces from 12.87 % to 7.46 %. Active and reactive power is controlled dc stabilization and the reactive power is near to unity Here PI controller is used to control the inverter output rms voltage and LC filter is used to remove the harmonics available in the system.
Performance analysis of various parameters by comparison of conventional pitc...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper deals with a variable speed wind turbine coupled with a permanent magnet synchronous generator connected through a two mass drive train. This drive train is connected to synchronous generator and after the conversion process finally connected to grid and the idea of transmission over a long distance makes the use of converter necessary and at the receiving end. The inverter is used to convert it back and the inverter is designed with a proper gate signal to get the best output three phase voltages. The fuzzy logic controller is used to track generator speed with varying wind speed to optimize turbine aerodynamic efficiency in the outer speed loop. Pitch angle control of wind turbine has been used widely to reduce torque and output power variation in high rated wind speed areas .The machine side converter is designed to extract maximum power from the wind. In this work a WECS connected with grid is designed in Matlab and a Fuzzy controller is designed to improve the output and we can see the major difference in DC link voltage and reactive power in transmission line. From the outputs we can also go through the reactive power issue which system is best for inductive load or capacitive load. The simple PI system is good for capacitive load and the fuzzy system is better option for the inductive load. The results of both the system of normal controller and fuzzy controller is compared and analyzed. Key Words: Fuzzy logic controller (FLC), permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) , Pulse width modulation (PWM), Wind energy conversion system, DC link capacitor. FACTS Flexible A.C Transmission system, PI proportional integral
Performance analysis of various parameters by comparison of conventional pitc...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Independent Control Of Active And Reactive Powers From DFIG By Logic FuzzyIJRES Journal
This paper presents the study and use by simulating the fuzzy logic control of asynchronous
generator dual fuel in the production of electrical energy that the .for I prepared a study of the wind system and
a model of the wind turbine was established by following the study and modeling of doubly fed asynchronous.
Two types of vector control have been the subject of study in this work for independent control of active and
reactive power: the direct and indirect control .la fuzzy PI control is introduced to increase the robustness of
markers vis-à-screw parametric variation of the machine in the simulation results obtained were compared to the
validated work articles cited in the bibliography.
Wind Energy Conversion System Using PMSG with T-Source Three Phase Matrix Con...IJTET Journal
This paper presents an analysis of a PMSG wind power system using T-Sourcethree phase matrix converter. PMSG using T-Source three phase matrix converterhas advantages that it can provide any desired AC output voltage regardless of DC input with regulation in shoot-through time. In this control system T-Source capacitor voltage can be kept stable with variations in the shoot-through time, maximum power from the wind turbine to be delivered. Inaddition, of a new future, the converter employs a safe-commutation strategy toconduct along a continuous current flow, which results in theelimination of voltage spikes on switches without the need for a snubber circuit. With the use of matrix converter the surely need forrectifier circuit and passive components to store energy arereduced. The MATLAB/Simulinkmodel of the overall system is carried out and theoretical wind energy conversion output load voltage calculations are madeand feasibility of the new topology has been verified and that theconverter can produce an output voltage and output current. This proposed method has greater efficiency and lower cost.
DFIG control of WECS using indirect matrix converter Kuldeep Behera
The connection and operation of wind power plants produce some problems that are rising partly owing to large changeability of environment conditions, influencing the electrical energy supply from these sources. To be possible to study phenomena that are connected with wind power plants and impacts of their operation on the operation of distribution and transmission systems, it is necessary to do such as in other branches, different computer simulations. A grid connected wind power generation scheme using doubly fed induction generator is studied. The aim is modelling and simulation of DFIG operating in two quadrants (torque-speed) by a suitable control technique to control the rotor current. This method will also replace the conventional converter by Indirect Matrix Converter.
Grid-Connection Control and Simulation of PMSG Wind Power System Based on Mul...ijsrd.com
This dissertation proposes a wind energy conversion system is composed of a wind turbine PMSG, a rectifier, and an inverter. The wind turbine PMSG transforms the mechanical power from the wind into the electrical power, while the rectifier converts the AC power into DC power and controls the speed of the PMSG. The controllable inverter helps in converting the DC power to variable frequency and magnitude AC power. With the voltage oriented control, the inverter also possesses the ability to control the active and reactive powers injected into the grid. Multilevel inerter is used to step up the voltage and to reduce the THD. Here nine level and eleven level inverter are used and the voltage increases and THD reduces from 12.87 % to 7.46 %. Active and reactive power is controlled dc stabilization and the reactive power is near to unity Here PI controller is used to control the inverter output rms voltage and LC filter is used to remove the harmonics available in the system.
Flux Based Sensorless Speed Sensing and Real and Reactive Power Flow Control ...ijeei-iaes
This aim of this paper is to design controller for Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) converters and MPPT for turbine and a sensor-less rotor speed estimation to maintain equilibrium in rotor speed, generator torque, and stator and rotor voltages. It is also aimed to meet desired reference real and reactive power during the turbulences like sudden change in reactive power or voltage with concurrently changing wind speed. The turbine blade angle changes with variations in wind speed and direction of wind flow and improves the coefficient of power extracted from turbine using MPPT. Rotor side converter (RSC) helps to achieve optimal real and reactive power from generator, which keeps rotor to rotate at optimal speed and to vary current flow from rotor and stator terminals. Rotor speed is estimated using stator and rotor flux estimation algorithm. Parameters like tip speed ratio; coefficient of power, stator and rotor voltage, current, real, reactive power; rotor speed and electromagnetic torque are studied using MATLAB simulation. The performance of DFIG is compared when there is in wind speed change only; alter in reactive power and variation in grid voltage individually along with variation in wind speed.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals
ENHANCED CONTROL OF DFIG IN WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMIjorat1
The doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine is a variable speed wind turbine widely used
in the modern wind power industries. At present, commercial DFIG wind turbines primarily make use of the
technology that was developed a decade ago. But, it is found in the paper that there is limitations conventional
control method. This project presents a fuzzy-logic approach to control the DFIG. Based on which fuzzy-logic
approach is controlled for real power, reactive power flow and electromagnetic torque of the wind turbine. A
direct current vector control strategy is developed to control the rotor side voltage source converter. This scheme
of direct current vector control strategy allows the independent control of the generated active and reactive
power as well as the rotor speed. In this project, a fuzzy-logic approach is proposed to control the DFIG. The
active and reactive power is controlled by rotor voltage, which goes through back-to-back voltage source
converter and DC-link voltage is also maintained stable. The conventional control approach is compared with the
proposed control techniques for DFIG wind turbine control under both steady and gusty wind conditions. A
MATLAB based simulation system was build to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed
method waveforms of real power, reactive power, DC link voltage and generator speed are compared with
conventional method. This paper shows that under the fuzzy-logic approach control techniques, a DFIG system
have a superior performance in various aspects.
Analysis of PMSG in Wind Integration using T Source Inverter with Simple Boos...IJTET Journal
The Analysis of PMSG in wind integration using a T-source Inverter with the Simple Boost Control technique for
improving voltage gain is proposed. The Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) offers higher performance than other
generators because of its higher efficiency with less maintenance. Since they don’t have rotor current, can be used without a gearbox,
which also implies a reduction of the weight of the nacelle with a reduction of costs. T-Source Inverter has high frequency, low
leakage inductance transformer and one capacitance this is the main difference from the Z-source Inverter. It has low active
components in compare with conventional ZSI. The T source network has an ability to perform DC to AC power conversion. It
provides buck boost operation in a single stage, but the traditional Inverter cannot provide such feature. All the components of the
wind turbine and the grid-side converter are developed and implemented in MATLAB/Simulink.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Improving Light-Load Efficiency by Eliminating Interaction Effect in the Grid...IJAPEJOURNAL
A wind turbine equipped with doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is used in wind power plant industry. This paper studies the maximum power extraction of DFIG via evaluation of state-space equations in closed loop control condition for improving light-load efficiency. The DFIG state-space equations have been considered in the form of a multi-input- multi output (MIMO) system. Also, the tracing table has been used to determine the speed which the generated power will be proportional to the maximum load. The tracing table input is the generator speed, and its output is the optimum active power that has been considered as the reference power of the active power control system of the convertor. A controller is presented for the tracing table and the extracted power is able to follow the reference power with minimum ripple. Then, the results are compared with the single-input and single-output (SISO) case, for the values up to 0.2 times of the rated load. Therefore, in MIMO modeling, in the case that the DFIG connected to the grid, by eliminating the interaction effect, the efficiency in light-load can be increased
Mainly the DC motors are employed in most of the application. The main objective is to Regulate the DC motor system. A motor which displays the appearances of a DC motor but there is no commutator and brushes is called as brushless DC motor. These motors are widespread to their compensations than other motors in relationships of dependability, sound, efficiency, preliminary torque and longevity. To achieve the operation more reliable and less noisy, brushless dc motors are employed. In the proposed work, dissimilar methods of speed control are analysed. In real time submission of speed control of BLDC motor, numerous strategies are executed for the speed control singularity. The modified approaches are the employment of PI controller, use of PID controller and proposed current controller.
Indirect Control of a Doubly-Fed Induction Machine for Wind Energy ConversionIAES-IJPEDS
In this paper, a grid connected wind power generation scheme using a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is studied. The aims of this paper are: The modelling and simulation of the operating in two quadrants (torque-speed) of a DFIG, the analysis employs a stator flux vector control algorithm to control rotor current, the system enables optimal speed tracking for maximum energy capture from the wind and high performance active and reactive power regulation using the PI regulator. The simulation calculations were achieved ®®
using MATLAB -SIMULINK package. Lastly, the obtained results are presented, for different operating points, illustrating the good control performances of the system
Computer Science
Active and Programmable Networks
Active safety systems
Ad Hoc & Sensor Network
Ad hoc networks for pervasive communications
Adaptive, autonomic and context-aware computing
Advance Computing technology and their application
Advanced Computing Architectures and New Programming Models
Advanced control and measurement
Aeronautical Engineering,
Agent-based middleware
Alert applications
Automotive, marine and aero-space control and all other control applications
Autonomic and self-managing middleware
Autonomous vehicle
Biochemistry
Bioinformatics
BioTechnology(Chemistry, Mathematics, Statistics, Geology)
Broadband and intelligent networks
Broadband wireless technologies
CAD/CAM/CAT/CIM
Call admission and flow/congestion control
Capacity planning and dimensioning
Changing Access to Patient Information
Channel capacity modelling and analysis
Civil Engineering,
Cloud Computing and Applications
Collaborative applications
Communication application
Communication architectures for pervasive computing
Communication systems
Computational intelligence
Computer and microprocessor-based control
Computer Architecture and Embedded Systems
Computer Business
Computer Sciences and Applications
Computer Vision
Computer-based information systems in health care
Computing Ethics
Computing Practices & Applications
Congestion and/or Flow Control
Content Distribution
Context-awareness and middleware
Creativity in Internet management and retailing
Cross-layer design and Physical layer based issue
Cryptography
Data Base Management
Data fusion
Data Mining
Data retrieval
Data Storage Management
Decision analysis methods
Decision making
Digital Economy and Digital Divide
Digital signal processing theory
Distributed Sensor Networks
Drives automation
Drug Design,
Drug Development
DSP implementation
E-Business
E-Commerce
E-Government
Electronic transceiver device for Retail Marketing Industries
Electronics Engineering,
Embeded Computer System
Emerging advances in business and its applications
Emerging signal processing areas
Enabling technologies for pervasive systems
Energy-efficient and green pervasive computing
Environmental Engineering,
Estimation and identification techniques
Evaluation techniques for middleware solutions
Event-based, publish/subscribe, and message-oriented middleware
Evolutionary computing and intelligent systems
Expert approaches
Facilities planning and management
Flexible manufacturing systems
Formal methods and tools for designing
Fuzzy algorithms
Fuzzy logics
GPS and location-based app
A Performance Comparison of DFIG using Power Transfer Matrix and Direct Power...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper presents a direct power control and power transfer matrix model for a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind energy system (WES). Control of DFIG wind turbine system is traditionally based on either stator- flux-oriented or stator-voltage-oriented vector control. The performance of Direct Power Control (DPC) and Power transfer Matrix control for the same wind speed are studied. The Power transfer matrix Control gave better results. The validity and performance of the proposed modelling and control approaches are investigated using a study system consisting of a grid connected DFIG WES. The performance of DFIG with Power Transfer Matrix and Direct Power Control (DPC) techniques are obtained through simulation. The time domain simulation of the study system using MATLAB Simulink is carried out. The results obtained in the two cases are compared.
Flux Based Sensorless Speed Sensing and Real and Reactive Power Flow Control ...ijeei-iaes
This aim of this paper is to design controller for Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) converters and MPPT for turbine and a sensor-less rotor speed estimation to maintain equilibrium in rotor speed, generator torque, and stator and rotor voltages. It is also aimed to meet desired reference real and reactive power during the turbulences like sudden change in reactive power or voltage with concurrently changing wind speed. The turbine blade angle changes with variations in wind speed and direction of wind flow and improves the coefficient of power extracted from turbine using MPPT. Rotor side converter (RSC) helps to achieve optimal real and reactive power from generator, which keeps rotor to rotate at optimal speed and to vary current flow from rotor and stator terminals. Rotor speed is estimated using stator and rotor flux estimation algorithm. Parameters like tip speed ratio; coefficient of power, stator and rotor voltage, current, real, reactive power; rotor speed and electromagnetic torque are studied using MATLAB simulation. The performance of DFIG is compared when there is in wind speed change only; alter in reactive power and variation in grid voltage individually along with variation in wind speed.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals
ENHANCED CONTROL OF DFIG IN WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMIjorat1
The doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine is a variable speed wind turbine widely used
in the modern wind power industries. At present, commercial DFIG wind turbines primarily make use of the
technology that was developed a decade ago. But, it is found in the paper that there is limitations conventional
control method. This project presents a fuzzy-logic approach to control the DFIG. Based on which fuzzy-logic
approach is controlled for real power, reactive power flow and electromagnetic torque of the wind turbine. A
direct current vector control strategy is developed to control the rotor side voltage source converter. This scheme
of direct current vector control strategy allows the independent control of the generated active and reactive
power as well as the rotor speed. In this project, a fuzzy-logic approach is proposed to control the DFIG. The
active and reactive power is controlled by rotor voltage, which goes through back-to-back voltage source
converter and DC-link voltage is also maintained stable. The conventional control approach is compared with the
proposed control techniques for DFIG wind turbine control under both steady and gusty wind conditions. A
MATLAB based simulation system was build to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed
method waveforms of real power, reactive power, DC link voltage and generator speed are compared with
conventional method. This paper shows that under the fuzzy-logic approach control techniques, a DFIG system
have a superior performance in various aspects.
Analysis of PMSG in Wind Integration using T Source Inverter with Simple Boos...IJTET Journal
The Analysis of PMSG in wind integration using a T-source Inverter with the Simple Boost Control technique for
improving voltage gain is proposed. The Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) offers higher performance than other
generators because of its higher efficiency with less maintenance. Since they don’t have rotor current, can be used without a gearbox,
which also implies a reduction of the weight of the nacelle with a reduction of costs. T-Source Inverter has high frequency, low
leakage inductance transformer and one capacitance this is the main difference from the Z-source Inverter. It has low active
components in compare with conventional ZSI. The T source network has an ability to perform DC to AC power conversion. It
provides buck boost operation in a single stage, but the traditional Inverter cannot provide such feature. All the components of the
wind turbine and the grid-side converter are developed and implemented in MATLAB/Simulink.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Improving Light-Load Efficiency by Eliminating Interaction Effect in the Grid...IJAPEJOURNAL
A wind turbine equipped with doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is used in wind power plant industry. This paper studies the maximum power extraction of DFIG via evaluation of state-space equations in closed loop control condition for improving light-load efficiency. The DFIG state-space equations have been considered in the form of a multi-input- multi output (MIMO) system. Also, the tracing table has been used to determine the speed which the generated power will be proportional to the maximum load. The tracing table input is the generator speed, and its output is the optimum active power that has been considered as the reference power of the active power control system of the convertor. A controller is presented for the tracing table and the extracted power is able to follow the reference power with minimum ripple. Then, the results are compared with the single-input and single-output (SISO) case, for the values up to 0.2 times of the rated load. Therefore, in MIMO modeling, in the case that the DFIG connected to the grid, by eliminating the interaction effect, the efficiency in light-load can be increased
Mainly the DC motors are employed in most of the application. The main objective is to Regulate the DC motor system. A motor which displays the appearances of a DC motor but there is no commutator and brushes is called as brushless DC motor. These motors are widespread to their compensations than other motors in relationships of dependability, sound, efficiency, preliminary torque and longevity. To achieve the operation more reliable and less noisy, brushless dc motors are employed. In the proposed work, dissimilar methods of speed control are analysed. In real time submission of speed control of BLDC motor, numerous strategies are executed for the speed control singularity. The modified approaches are the employment of PI controller, use of PID controller and proposed current controller.
Indirect Control of a Doubly-Fed Induction Machine for Wind Energy ConversionIAES-IJPEDS
In this paper, a grid connected wind power generation scheme using a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is studied. The aims of this paper are: The modelling and simulation of the operating in two quadrants (torque-speed) of a DFIG, the analysis employs a stator flux vector control algorithm to control rotor current, the system enables optimal speed tracking for maximum energy capture from the wind and high performance active and reactive power regulation using the PI regulator. The simulation calculations were achieved ®®
using MATLAB -SIMULINK package. Lastly, the obtained results are presented, for different operating points, illustrating the good control performances of the system
Computer Science
Active and Programmable Networks
Active safety systems
Ad Hoc & Sensor Network
Ad hoc networks for pervasive communications
Adaptive, autonomic and context-aware computing
Advance Computing technology and their application
Advanced Computing Architectures and New Programming Models
Advanced control and measurement
Aeronautical Engineering,
Agent-based middleware
Alert applications
Automotive, marine and aero-space control and all other control applications
Autonomic and self-managing middleware
Autonomous vehicle
Biochemistry
Bioinformatics
BioTechnology(Chemistry, Mathematics, Statistics, Geology)
Broadband and intelligent networks
Broadband wireless technologies
CAD/CAM/CAT/CIM
Call admission and flow/congestion control
Capacity planning and dimensioning
Changing Access to Patient Information
Channel capacity modelling and analysis
Civil Engineering,
Cloud Computing and Applications
Collaborative applications
Communication application
Communication architectures for pervasive computing
Communication systems
Computational intelligence
Computer and microprocessor-based control
Computer Architecture and Embedded Systems
Computer Business
Computer Sciences and Applications
Computer Vision
Computer-based information systems in health care
Computing Ethics
Computing Practices & Applications
Congestion and/or Flow Control
Content Distribution
Context-awareness and middleware
Creativity in Internet management and retailing
Cross-layer design and Physical layer based issue
Cryptography
Data Base Management
Data fusion
Data Mining
Data retrieval
Data Storage Management
Decision analysis methods
Decision making
Digital Economy and Digital Divide
Digital signal processing theory
Distributed Sensor Networks
Drives automation
Drug Design,
Drug Development
DSP implementation
E-Business
E-Commerce
E-Government
Electronic transceiver device for Retail Marketing Industries
Electronics Engineering,
Embeded Computer System
Emerging advances in business and its applications
Emerging signal processing areas
Enabling technologies for pervasive systems
Energy-efficient and green pervasive computing
Environmental Engineering,
Estimation and identification techniques
Evaluation techniques for middleware solutions
Event-based, publish/subscribe, and message-oriented middleware
Evolutionary computing and intelligent systems
Expert approaches
Facilities planning and management
Flexible manufacturing systems
Formal methods and tools for designing
Fuzzy algorithms
Fuzzy logics
GPS and location-based app
A Performance Comparison of DFIG using Power Transfer Matrix and Direct Power...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper presents a direct power control and power transfer matrix model for a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind energy system (WES). Control of DFIG wind turbine system is traditionally based on either stator- flux-oriented or stator-voltage-oriented vector control. The performance of Direct Power Control (DPC) and Power transfer Matrix control for the same wind speed are studied. The Power transfer matrix Control gave better results. The validity and performance of the proposed modelling and control approaches are investigated using a study system consisting of a grid connected DFIG WES. The performance of DFIG with Power Transfer Matrix and Direct Power Control (DPC) techniques are obtained through simulation. The time domain simulation of the study system using MATLAB Simulink is carried out. The results obtained in the two cases are compared.
A Fuzzy Logic Control Strategy for Doubly Fed Induction Generator for Improve...IAES-IJPEDS
In this paper, which is t

decouple PI control for output active and reactive powers
he common control technique for power converter of Doubly Fed
Induction Generator (DFIG) is presented. But there are some disadvantages with this control method like uncertainty about the exact model, behavior of some parameters or unpredictable wind speed and tuning of PI parameters. To overcome the mentioned disadvantages a fuzzy logic control of DFIG wind turbine is presented and is compared with PI controller. To validate the proposed scheme, simulation results are presented, these results showed that the performance of fuzzy control of DFIG is excellent and it improves power quality and stability of wind turbine compared to PI controller. The Fuzzy logic controller is applied to rotor side converter for active power control and voltage regulation of wind turbine. The entire work is carried out in MATLab/Simulink. Different faulty operating conditions are considered to
prove the effective implementation of the proposed control scheme.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Active and Reactive Power Control of a Doubly Fed Induction GeneratorIJPEDS-IAES
Wind energy has many advantages, it does not pollute and it is an inexhaustible source. However, the cost of this energy is still too high to compete with traditional fossil fuels, especially on sites less windy. The performance of a wind turbine depends on three parameters: the power of wind, the power curve of the turbine and the generator's ability to respond to wind fluctuations. This paper presents a control chain conversion based on a double-fed asynchronous machine (D.F.I.G). To improve the transient and steady state performance and the power factor of generation, a stator flux oriented vector control scheme is used in this work. The vector control structure employs conventional PI controllers for the decoupled control of the stator side active and reactive power. The whole system is modeled and simulated using Matlab/Simulink and the results are analyzed.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
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This paper explained details of Comparison of solar based closed loop DC -DC converter using PID and ANN Control for Shunt motor drive. Solar panel output is given to full bridge converter, stepup transformer, full wave converter, ∏ filter and Shunt motor drive are connected.Comparator compare the set value and the output signal of the motor produce a signal, based on the signal, full wave conveter produce the voltage to run the motor, Speed of motor,Torque and Armature current,Rise time,Peak time, Settling time and Steady state error are measured and evaluated by experimental.A circuit operation and simulation designed for a 1000 RPM speed of shunt motor arrived and tested.
Most of generators utilized in wind turbines are the Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). Indirect matrix converter (IMC) is a candidate for substituting the traditional back-to-back converter in the future due to advantages gained by elimination of electrolytic capacitor. Starting DFIG wind turbines and synchronizing to the grid is a challenge in practice because of large inrush currents that could damage switches. Synchronizing the DFIG wind turbine controlled by the IMC is presented in this paper. Also, maximum power point tracking algorithm performance of this configuration is examined. A laboratory scale prototype of the proposed configuration is built. Experimental results have confirmed effectiveness of this configuration.
Integration of a Wind Turbine Based Doubly Fed Induction Generator Using STAT...IJERA Editor
Wind power stations mostly placed in remote areas; so they are characterized by weak grids and are often submitted to power system disturbance like faults, voltage sag etc. In this paper the crowbar protection method is used to ride through voltage sags and STATCOM is used to quickly sense the voltage sag and overcome it. The behavior of these machines during grid failure is an important issue. DFIG consists of a common induction generator with slip ring and a partial scale power electronic converter. Indirect field oriented controller is applied to rotor side converter for active power control and voltage regulation of wind turbine. On grid side PQ control scheme is applied. Wind turbine and its control units are described in details and also for STATCOM control. All power system components are simulated in MATLAB/ SIMULINK software. For studying the performance of controller, different abnormal conditions are applied even the worst case. Simulation results prove that the performance of STATCOM and DFIG control schemes as improving power quality and stability of wind turbine.
Modeling and Control of a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator for Wind Turbine-Gen...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents a vector control direct (FOC) of double fed induction generator intended to control the generated stator powers. This device is intended to be implemented in a variable-speed wind-energy conversion system connected to the grid. In order to control the active and reactive power exchanged between the machine stator and the grid, the rotor is fed by a bi-directional converter. The DFIG is controlled by standard relay controllers. Details of the control strategy and system simulation were performed using Simulink and the results are presented in this here to show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Abstract: Wind energy is becoming the most effective renewable energy source mainly because of the growing concerns over carbon emissions and uncertainties in fossil fuel supplies and the government policy impetus. The increasing penetration of wind power in distribution systems may significantly affect VAR compensation and max. Power tracking of the systems, particularly during wind turbine cut-in and cut-off disturbances.
A DFIG based wind turbine has an ability to generate maximum power with varying and adjustable speed, ability to control active and reactive power by the integration of electronic power converters, low power rating of cost converter components, and so on. This study presents an overview and literature survey over past few decades on the different problems associated due to penetration of WT-DFIG in the power system and control aspects of DFIG.
Abstract: Wind energy is becoming the most effective renewable energy source mainly because of the growing concerns over carbon emissions and uncertainties in fossil fuel supplies and the government policy impetus. The increasing penetration of wind power in distribution systems may significantly affect VAR compensation and max. Power tracking of the systems, particularly during wind turbine cut-in and cut-off disturbances.
A DFIG based wind turbine has an ability to generate maximum power with varying and adjustable speed, ability to control active and reactive power by the integration of electronic power converters, low power rating of cost converter components, and so on. This study presents an overview and literature survey over past few decades on the different problems associated due to penetration of WT-DFIG in the power system and control aspects of DFIG.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Dynamic Modeling of Autonomous Wind–diesel system with Fixed-speed Wind TurbineIJAPEJOURNAL
Wind turbines have often connected to small power systems, operating in parallel to diesel generators, as is typically the case in autonomous wind–diesel installations or small island systems with high wind potential. Hence, the modeling and analysis of the dynamic behavior of wind–diesel power systems in presence of wind power will be important. In this paper, the system under study is modeled by a set of dynamic and algebraic equations (DAE). Dynamic behavior of a wind-diesel system is investigated by the proposed dynamic model. Wind-diesel system consists of wind turbines that are connected to synchronous diesel generator via short transmission line with local load. Dynamic stability of autonomous wind–diesel systems are discussed with emphasis on the eigenvalue analysis and the effective parameters on system stability. In this regards, saddle node bifurcation and hopf bifurcation are also investigated.
4.power quality improvement in dg system using shunt active filterEditorJST
Injection of power generated by the wind turbine system into an electric grid mainly effects the power quality. The performance of this wind turbine and its power quality is determined on the basis of its measurement of power ratings as per IEEE standards. The influence of the wind turbine in the grid system concerning the power quality measurements are the active power, reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operation. To mitigate the power quality problems this paper proposes the shunt compensator techniques. Here, the proposed system is verified experimentally using both STATCOM and TSC compensators. This control schemes for grid connected wind energy system is simulated using Matlab/Simulink.
Similar to Load Frequency Control of DFIG-isolated and Grid Connected Mode (20)
Effects of the Droop Speed Governor and Automatic Generation Control AGC on G...IJAPEJOURNAL
In power system, as any inequality between production and consumption results in an instantaneous change in frequency from nominal, frequency should be always monitored and controlled. Traditionally, frequency regulation is provided by varying the power output of generators which have restricted ramp rates. The Automatic Generation Control AGC process performs the task of adjusting system generation to meet the load demand and of regulating the large system frequency changes. A result of the mismatches between system load and system generation, system frequency and the desired value of 50 Hz is the accumulation of time error. How equilibrium system frequency is calculated if load parameters are frequency dependent, and how can frequency be controlled. Also, how do parameters of a speed governor affect generated power. The transient processes before system frequency settles down to steady state. Finally, AGC in what way is it different from governor action. This paper presents new approaches for AGC of power system including two areas having one steam turbines and one hydro turbine tied together through power lines.
Underwater Target Tracking Using Unscented Kalman FilterIJAPEJOURNAL
Unlike conventional active sonar, that transmits the sound signals and revealing their presence and position to enemy forces. The probable advantage of passive sonar is that it detects the signals emitted by the target, leads to improve localization, target tracking, and categorization. The challenging aspect is to estimate the true bearing and frequency measurements from the noisy measurements of the target. Here in this paper, it is recommended for the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) to track the target by using these noisy measurements. The Target Motion Analysis (TMA), which is the way to find the target’s trajectory by using frequency and bearing measurements, is explored. This method provides a tactical advantage over the classical bearing only tracking target motion analysis. It makes the observer maneuver unnecessary.
Investigation of Dependent Rikitake System to Initiation PointIJAPEJOURNAL
In this paper we investigate depending of the Rikitake system to initiation point, and monitor changing behavior of this system. We will have 4 initiation points in Cartesian system. We at 4 positions, will monitor behavior of this system, while holding constant other values, and after per position, will draw operation of system on axes of x, y, z and 3-D plot. We want to know, what is the effect of initiation point on Rikitake system? Numerical simulations to illustrate the effect of initiation point are presented, and at the end conclusions and comparing the states together are obtained.
Optimization of Economic Load Dispatch with Unit Commitment on Multi MachineIJAPEJOURNAL
Economic load dispatch (ELD) and Unit Commitment (UC) are significant research applications in power systems that optimize the total production cost of the predicted load demand. The UC problem determines a turn-on and turn-off schedule for a given combination of generating units, thus satisfying a set of dynamic operational constraints. ELD optimizes the operation cost for all scheduled generating units with respect to the load demands of customers. The first phase in this project is to economically schedule the distribution of generating units using Gauss seidal and the second phase is to determine optimal load distribution for the scheduled units using dynamic programming method is applied to select and choose the combination of generating units that commit and de-commit during each hour. These precommitted schedules are optimized by dynamic programming method thus producing a global optimum solution with feasible and effective solution quality, minimal cost and time and higher precision. The effectiveness of the proposed techniques is investigated on two test systems consisting of five generating units and the experiments are carried out using MATLAB R2010b software. Experimental results prove that the proposed method is capable of yielding higher quality solution including mathematical simplicity, fast convergence, diversity maintenance, robustness and scalability for the complex ELD-UC problem.
Impact of Buried Conductor Length on Computation of Earth Grid ResistanceIJAPEJOURNAL
Effective design of substation earth grid implies achieving low earth grid resistance and fulfillment of the safety criteria at the lowest possible cost. This paper presents an evaluation of IEEE Standard 80-2000 Equations 50 to 52 to determine the impact of buried conductor length on computation of earth grid resistance. Calculated results indicated that a saturation point is reached beyond which further addition of more conductor length does not significantly reduce the earth grid resistance but incurs more economic implications. These were validated by earth grids designed using CDEGS where good agreement between the calculated and simulated results was found.
Enhancing Photoelectric Conversion Efficiency of Solar Panel by Water CoolingIJAPEJOURNAL
Photovoltaic solar cell generates electricity by receiving solar irradiance. The electrical efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) cell is adversely affected by the significant increase of cell operating temperature during absorption of solar radiation. This undesirable effect can be partially avoided by cooling the back side of the photovoltaic panel using water absorption sponge which was fixed on of PV panel and maintain wet condition by circulation of drop by drop water. The objective of the present work is to reduce the temperature of the solar cell in order to increase its electrical efficiency. Experiments were performed with and without water cooling. A linear trend between the efficiency and temperature was found. Without cooling, the temperature of the panel was high and solar cells were achieved an efficiency of 8–9%. However, when the panel was operated under water cooling condition, the temperature dropped maximally by 40C leading to an increase in efficiency of solar cells by 12%.
PMU-Based Transmission Line Parameter Identification at China Southern Power ...IJAPEJOURNAL
China Southern Power Grid Company (CSG) recently developed and implemented an online PMU-based transmission line (TL) parameter identification system (TPIS). Traditionally, TL parameters are calculated based on transmission tower geometries, conductor dimension, estimates of line length, conductor sags, etc. These parameters only approximate the effect of conductor sag and ignore the dependence of impedance parameters on temperature variation. Recent development in PMU technology has made it possible to calculate TL parameters accurately. The challenges are that such application requires highly accurate PMU data while the accuracy of PMU measurements under different working/system conditions can be uncertain. With a large number of PMUs widely installed in its system, CSG plans to improve and update the EMS database using the newly developed TPIS. TPIS provides an innovative yet practical problem formulation and solution for TL parameter identification. In addition, it proposes a new metric that can be used to determine the credibility of the calculated parameters, which is missing in the literature. This paper discusses the methodologies, challenges, as well as implementation issues noticed during the development of TPIS.
Investigation of Electric Field Distribution Inside 500/220 kV Transformation...IJAPEJOURNAL
This study depicts the electric field distributions inside a typical 500/220 kV open distribution substation under actual loading conditions and during different working conditions, Hot-Stick position and Bar-Hand position. The electric field is investigated for different workers heights of 1m, 1.5m and 1.8m above ground during normal working condition (Hot-Stick position) inside this substation. This in addition to assessment of the electric field at a height levels of 8m, 11m, 14m and 17m above ground as positions for live line maintenance under 220 kV Busbars, 500 kV Busbars, 220 kV Incoming and Outgoing feeders and 500 kV Incoming and Outgoing feeders respectively. In this study the simulation results of the electric field obtained using three dimensional (3D) computer model for existing typical high voltage transformation substation are compared with field values measured inside this typical substation and presented and discussed not only in the form of contour maps but also in the form 3D surface and wireframe maps. The simulation results are good matched and agreed with measured values. This in addition to the electric field will be tabulated and compared to international guidelines for personnel exposure to electric field. This study will serve for planning service works or for inspection of equipment inside high voltage (HV) power transformation substations.
Economic Load Dispatch for Multi-Generator Systems with Units Having Nonlinea...IJAPEJOURNAL
Economic Load Dispatch aims at distributing the load demand between various generation stations in a system such that the total cost of generation is minimum. This is of vital importance since it not only reduces the operation cost of the generation utility but also helps in conserving fast dwindling energy resources. Modern day power systems are large interconnected systems with a large number of generator units each having its own cost curve. Ideally the cost function of a unit is a quadratic function of the power generated by the unit and the cost curve obtained is a smooth parabola. But in practice cost curves deviate from the idealised one due the several reasons such as valve point effect, multi fuel operation, existence of forbidden zones etc. and as such may not be continuous or analytic. Also for a large interconnected system it becomes essential to consider the effect of transmission losses. Conventional numerical method based approaches work well with systems without losses but for large systems with losses obtaining convergence becomes difficult as the number of iterations required as well as the computational time are very high. These methods fail entirely if non ideal cost curves are considered. Hence soft computing based methods become essential. Here Gravity Search Algorithm(GSA) has been used to for finding economic load scheduling in a multi generator system, given a certain load demand, and taking into consideration the effects of practical constraints on the idealised load curve. The algorithms for finding the economic scheduling has been written in Matlab and has provided satisfactory results based on the given tolerance values. Also the traditional and soft computing based approaches have been compared to demonstrate the advantages of one over the other.
An Application of Ulam-Hyers Stability in DC MotorsIJAPEJOURNAL
In this paper, a generalization to nonlinear systems is proposed and applied to the motor dynamic, rotor model and stator model in DC motor equation. We argue that Ulam-Hyers stability concept is quite significant in design problems and in design analysis for the class of DC motor’s parameters. We prove the stability of nonlinear partial differential equation by using Banach’s contraction principle. As an application, the Ulam-Hyers stability of DC motor dynamics equations is investigated. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time Ulam-Hyers stability is considered from the applications point of view.
Implementation of Hybrid Generation Power System in PakistanIJAPEJOURNAL
A solar-wind hybrid power generation system has been presented here. The application based system illustrated in this paper is designed on the basis of the solar and wind data for Pakistan. The power generated by the system is intended for domestic use. The most common source of unconventional power in homes is battery based UPS (Uninterrupted power supply) inverter. The UPS inverter charges the battery with conventional grid power. This system will charge the battery of UPS inverter by using only wind and solar power, which will make the system cost effective and more reliable. The reason for using both solar and wind is that recent studies have proven that combined system can be more productive and consistent and other thing is that neither of them can be used for continuous power generation. In the system illustrated in this paper the solar-wind system provides power periodically which is controlled by electronic methods and a microcontroller is used to monitor the power from both the inputs. The switching action is provided from the microcontroller to the battery charging based on the power received from solar photovoltaic panel and wind generators. In this paper, an efficient system has been presented comprising of solar panel, wind generator, charge controller and charge storage unit (battery). Solar panel is selected as the main input and the wind resource will be used only in the absence of the solar photovoltaic (PV) output.
Modeling and Simulation of SVPWM Based ApplicationIJAPEJOURNAL
Recent developments in power electronics and semiconductor technology have lead to widespread use of power electronic converters in the power electronic systems. A number of Pulse width modulation (PWM) schemes are used to obtain variable voltage and frequency supply from a three-phase voltage source inverter. Among the different PWM techniques proposed for voltage fed inverters, the sinusoidal PWM technique has been popularly accepted. But there is an increasing trend of using space vector PWM (SVPWM) because of their easier digital realization, reduced harmonics, reduced switching losses and better dc bus utilization. This project focuses on step by step development of SVPWM technique. Simulation results are obtained using MATLAB/Simulink software for effectiveness of the study.
Comparison of FACTS Devices for Two Area Power System Stability Enhancement u...IJAPEJOURNAL
Modern Power Transmission networks are becoming increasingly stressed due to growing demand and restrictions on building new lines. Losing stability is one of the major threat of such a stressed system following a disturbance. Flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) devices are found to be very effective in a transmission network for better utilization of its existing facilities without sacrificing the desired stability margin. The static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and Static Var Compensator (SVC) are the shunt devices of the flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) family. When system voltage is low, STATCOM generates reactive power and when system voltage is high it absorbs reactive power whereas the Static Var compensator provides the fast acting dynamic compensation in case of severe faults. In this Paper, the performance of SVC is compared with the performance of STATCOM. Proposed controllers are implemented using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results indicate that the STATCOM controller installed with two machine systems provides better damping characteristics in rotor angle as compared to two machine system installed with SVC. Thus, transient stability enhancement of the two machine system installed with STATCOM is better than that installed with SVC.
Influence of Static VAR Compensator for Undervoltage Load Shedding to Avoid V...IJAPEJOURNAL
In the recent years, operation of power systems at lower stability margins has increased the importance of system protection methods that protect the system stability against various disturbances. Among these methods, the load shedding serves as an effective and last-resort tool to prevent system frequency/voltage instability. The analysis of recent blackouts suggests that voltage collapse and voltage-related problems are also important concerns in maintaining system stability. For this reason, voltage also needs to be taken into account in load shedding schemes. This paper considers both parameters in designing a load shedding scheme to determine the amount of load to be shed and its appropriate location .The amount of load to be shed from each bus is decided using the fixed step size method and it’s location has been identified by using voltage collapse proximity index method. SVC is shunt connected FACTS device used to improve the voltage profile of the system. In this paper impact of SVC on load shedding for IEEE 14 bus system has been presented and analyzed.
Assessment of Electric Field Distribution Inside 500/220 kV Open Distribution...IJAPEJOURNAL
The high level electric field intensity produced by high voltage (HV) equipments inside 500/220 kV substations is harmful for the human (staff) health. Therefore the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risk arising from electric fields produced inside these substations is still considered as a competitive topic for utility designers, world health organization (WHO) and biomedical field researchers. It is very important to have knowledge about levels distribution of electric field intensity within these high voltage substations as early stage in the process of substation design. This paper presents results of investigation 50Hz electric field intensity distribution inside 500/220 kV power transmission substations in Cairo, Egypt. This paper presents a method for assessment the distribution of 50HZ electric field intensity distribution inside this substation, this method of analysis is based on the charge simulation technique (CSM). This study will serve for planning service works or for inspection of equipment on HV power transmission substations.
Towards An Accurate Modeling of Frequency-dependent Wind Farm Components Unde...IJAPEJOURNAL
Frequency dependence complete model is set up for describing the lightning transient behavior of the wind turbines (WTs).To get an appropriate wind turbine model, a high frequency models of surge arrester protecting the boost transformer, transformer and ground electrode soil ionization are implemented. The transient responses and Ground Potential Rise (GPR) can be obtained at different locations in the WTs and connected grid in the time domain as well as in the frequency domain using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). To check the validity of the model, Surge arresters protection level at different locations, at i.e. LV, MV and HV, is compared with ABB manufacture data sheet, Also a comparison has been made between simple and frequency dependence model of overall wind farm components using ATP/EMTP. This paper provides an accurate simulation of wind farm components under transient condition.
Hybrid Generation Power System for Domestic ApplicationsIJAPEJOURNAL
This work presents the plan and model of the control strategy for the interconnection of the hybrid energy system able to regulating this load’s voltage and controlling the energy generation with the energy options. The control strategy contains controlling the energy generated through each energy source, in a hierarchical mode using sliding/dropping mode control, while consuming consideration elements that have an impact on each electrical power source and transform the energy generated in order to suitable circumstances for lower power and domestic programs. The cross alternative energy system consists of photovoltaic cellular material, fuel cellular material and battery packs. A numerical equation in order to estimate the perfect voltage involving photovoltaic systems for virtually every solar irradiance and temperature circumstances is suggested. Simulations of a single or a lot more systems interconnected towards the load with the entire proposed control scheme, under different ecological and weight conditions, usually are introduced to indicate this efficiency with the procedure.
Ash Cooler Heat Recovery Under Energy Conservation SchemeIJAPEJOURNAL
A healthy fluidization state in circulating fluidized-bed combustion (CFBC) combustor is attributed to proper quantity of hot bed material (ash), which acts as a thermal fly-wheel. It receives & stores thermal energy from the burning of fuel (lignite) & distributes uniformly throughout the combustor & helps in maintaining a sustained combustion. The quantity of bed ash inside the combustor or size of the bed, depends upon boiler load & subsequently upon combustor temperature, lignite feed rate and ash % in lignite. As these parameters varies during process continuously, sometimes it becomes necessary to drain out the ash from the combustor. As & when differential pressure across the bed is increased from a justified level, draining of hot bed ash starts into Ash Coolers. Bed ash is drained at very high temperature of 850 oC & it also contains burning particles of lignite. This paper describes the heat recovery from bed ash, unloaded from the combustor into ash cooler, by pre-heating the condensate water of turbine cycle in a 125 MW CFB boiler of Surat Lignite Power Plant in India. The thermal performance of ash cooler was derived by doing a heat balance calculation based on the measured temperature of ash and cooling water with different load. From the heat balance calculation influence of ash temperature and ash amount on heat transfer coefficient is determined. Simulation is carried out around main turbine cycle indicates improved thermal economy of the unit, higher plant thermal efficiency, lower plant heat rate and reduce fuel consumption rate. Also simulation result shows that the heat transfer coefficient increase with ash amount and decreases with increase in ash temperature.
Harmonic Voltage Distortions in Power Systems Due to Non Linear LoadsIJAPEJOURNAL
Harmonics are found to have deleterious effects on power system equipments including transformers, capacitor banks, rotating machines, switchgears and protective relays. Transformers, motors and switchgears may experience increased losses and excessive heating. Shunt filters are effective in minimizing voltage distortions. This paper describes the voltage distortions generated by non linear loads. The harmonic specifications such as harmonic factor, characteristic harmonic and non-characteristic harmonic are considered while explaining the paper. ‘MiPower’ software is used to compute the harmonic distortions in a sample power system. Accurate harmonic models are established for a non linear load. To reduce the harmonic voltages impressed upon specific parts of the sample power system, passive filters are installed at two buses. With the implementation of a passive filter at the bus with non linear load, the harmonics are greatly reduced. For the specified power system, at all the buses the total harmonic distortion has been evaluated.
A Survey on Quality Changes in Positive, Negative and Combined Switching Stra...IJAPEJOURNAL
In this paper uses positive, negative and combined switching strategies for three phase ac/ac matrix converter .the author compares these strategies. The performance comparison of these three strategies is made under balanced operation. The simulation of three phase matrix converter feeding a three phase load was accomplished by means of the matlab/simulink software. After the simulation the comparison of the waveforms THD in three switching sequence is done. It must be mentioned that the duty cycle of the whole switches in the converter is according to Venturini switching algorithm
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
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2. ISSN: 2252-8792
IJAPE Vol. 1, No. 1, April 2012 : 29 – 36
30
power fluctuations and improved VAr supply. These large wind turbines are based on either variable wind
speed with pitch control using a synchronous generator or a doubly fed induction generator.
Doubly-fed induction generators have two active windings the stator and rotor; both the windings
transfer significant power to the electrical system. The major advantage of using doubly fed machine is that
the power consumed by the power electronic equipment is (20-30%) of total power supply [1]. The stator
winding is connected directly to the grid and the rotor windings are controlled by using power electronic
converters.
Juan Dixon in [2] explained about different types of three phase controlled rectifiers and their
control using PWM signals. The control method for DC link voltage was also explained. In [3],
Balasubramaniam, Babypriya and Rajapalan Anita simulated the DFIG using MATLAB and analyzed
various DFIG characteristics. In [5], B.Chitti Babu and K.B.Mohanty presented the complete modeling and
simulation of wind turbine driven Doubly Fed Induction Generator that feeds AC power to the utility grid.
The AC-DC-AC converters are divided into two components, the rotor side rectifier and the grid side
inverter. Both are voltage source converters. The capacitor connected on the dc side acts as the dc voltage
source. Rotor side converter is used to control the output power and the voltage measured at the grid
terminals. The grid side converter is used to regulate the voltage of the dc bus capacitor by Branislav,
Dosijanoski in [6-8]. In [9-10], Mariusz Malinowski presented the mathematical model and operation
description of PWM rectifier. Different control strategies for PWM rectifiers were also described.
2. RESEARCH METHOD
The DFIG technology extracts maximum energy from low wind speeds and minimizes mechanical
stresses on the turbine. Another advantage of the DFIG technology is the ability for power electronic
converters to generate or absorb reactive power, thus eliminating the need for installing capacitor banks as in
the case of squirrel-cage induction generator [5].
2.1 Operating principle of DFIG
The stator connected to the ac mains, where as the rotor feeds power via back to back PWM
converters. The DC bus capacitor link connects stator and rotor-side converters. To achieve full control of
grid current, the DC-link voltage must be boosted to a level higher than the amplitude of grid line-to-line
voltage [2]. The slip power flows from rotor to the grid. The speed of the machine can be controlled from
either rotor or stator-side converter for all speed ranges. As a result, the machine can be controlled as a
generator in both super and sub-synchronous operating modes realizing four quadrant operations. In this
project only generation mode is considered. At the synchronous speed, slip power is taken from supply to
excite the rotor windings and in this case machine behaves as a synchronous motor. The power delivered by
the rotor and the stator are computed as follows [7]:
(1)
(2)
For a loss less generator the mechanical equation is
(3)
In steady-state at fixed speed for a loss less generator
(4)
(5)
) = ( =
(6)
Where,
(7)
3. IJAPE ISSN: 2252-8792
Load Frequency Control of DFIG - Isolated and Grid Connected Mode (K.Manickavasagam)
31
Generally the absolute value of slip is much lower than 1 and, consequently, Pr is only a fraction of Ps [8]
- If s>0, Tm is negative, ωr is positive thus power is delivered to the grid
- For super synchronous speeds, Pr is transmitted to DC bus capacitor and tends to increase the DC voltage
Inverter is used to generate the power Pgc in order to keep the DC voltage constant. In steady-state, for a
lossless AC/DC/AC converter Pgc is equal to Pr. The frequency of rotor induced voltage is equal to the
product of the grid frequency and the absolute value of the slip as in Eqn. 2.6. Rectifier and Inverter have the
capability for generating or absorbing reactive power and could be used to control the reactive power or the
voltage at the grid terminals [1].
2. 2. Load Frequency Control
The usual practice of generating PWM pulses is by comparing the DC voltage obtained from rotor
side rectifier with a reference voltage. These PWM pulses are used to trigger the switches of inverter. The
block diagram of such a controller scheme is shown in Figure . .3.In this work, the grid frequency is
considered as a feedback to the frequency control method. The frequency regulator block consists of PLL,
comparator and PI controller. PLL is used to convert three phase grid voltage into a proportional frequency
and this frequency is given to the comparator. The comparator compares the load side and reference
frequencies. PI controller performs a control action based on the error produced by the comparator. This
output is the Idgc_ref that is same as that in the conventional control system. The currents Id and Iq are fed to
a current regulator that generates the required Vgc. PWM generator uses this control voltage Vgc to generate
pulses for the control of the grid side inverter. Grid frequency control is essential to ensure stable and reliable
operation of the system. The block diagram of frequency control is as shown in Figure 2. Figure 3 indicates
the block diagram of grid frequency based control of grid side inverter.
Figure 2. Conventional controllers for grid side
inverter
Figure 3. Grid frequency based control of grid side
inverter
2.3. Modeling of wind turbine
Wind turbine is intended towards conversion of the kinetic energy inherent in the wind due to its
motion into useful mechanical energy that can be used to generate electrical energy. The inherent power of
the wind in the form of kinetic energy can be expressed by the following equation:
(8)
Now the power extracted by the mechanical turbine is only a portion of the available kinetic energy of the
wind. The performance of power coefficient Cp in a turbine is expressed as the ratio of power developed by
the turbine to the power of the wind which is expressed as follows [10]
(9)
Alternatively,
(10)
Thus the net mechanical power developed by the turbine is given by the equation
(11)
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The expression for Cp (λ, β) used in the modeling of wind turbine is as given below,
(12)
λ1 is given by the expression
(13)
The tip speed ratio (λ) is a function of wind speed, angular speed of the rotor and radius of the rotor blades
and is expressed as below:
(14)
3. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
The inputs to the wind turbine are wind speed, pitch angle and the speed of the rotor. The tip speed
ratio lambda (λ) is calculated by using the equation (4.7). The value of lambda obtained is used to compute
the power co-efficient (Cp) which is a function of pitch angle beta (β) and tip speed ratio lambda (λ) as in the
equation (4.5) the net power generated by the turbine is computed using the equation (4.4) and this is divided
by the angular speed of the rotor to obtain the mechanical torque output which drives the doubly fed
induction machine. For this turbine the cut-in speed and the cut-off speed is 5 m/s and 25 m/s respectively.
The rated speed is 11 m/s. The system under consideration demonstrates simulation of a 6X1.5 MW wind
farm consisting of a 9 MW Doubly-Fed Induction Generator. The generator exports power to a 120 kV grid
through a 30 km transmission line operating at a voltage of 25kV. The voltage at generator terminals is 575
V. The system is feeding the load and system parameters are observed for varying conditions. The models
of: DFIG in isolated mode with conventional and frequency control and DFIG in grid connected mode with
conventional and frequency control were developed.
3.1 DFIG in isolated mode
The wind turbine driven DFIG is isolated from the grid by the use of a circuit breaker. The circuit
breaker operation is such that when wind speed is insufficient, the circuit breaker isolates the DFIG from the
grid to avoid motoring mode and when sufficient power is delivered by the wind turbine for local loads, grid
integration can be considered and circuit breaker is closed. Figure .4 indicates the results obtained with the
conventional control system and Figure 7 indicates the results obtained with the use of frequency control.
The following parameters are considered for comparing the results: a) Active power b) Reactive power c)
Generator speed d) Terminal voltage e) Load current f) DC link voltage and g) Frequency deviation
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Figure 4. Results obtained from isolated mode using conventional method
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Figure 5. Results obtained from isolated mode using frequency control method
From Figure 4 and 5 upon comparison, it is noticed that significant improvements have been
achieved by the use of frequency control. The implementation of frequency control has proven advantageous
in the above mentioned parameters. The terminal voltage obtained is a better sinusoid with lesser harmonic
content as compared to conventional method as in Figure 4 and 5 The DC link voltage is seen more regulated
with the use of frequency control as compared to that of conventional control the direct result of this is the
effect on terminal voltage and load current as in Figure 4 and 5.
3.2 DFIG in grid connected mode
The DFIG is connected to the grid when it is in generating mode and is sufficiently meeting grid
requirements. The results obtained are shown in Figure 6 and 7. For grid connected mode the parameters
considered are Frequency deviation, Generator speed, Terminal voltage Load current and DC link voltage.
The active power and reactive power are not included because of grid connected mode. The DC link voltage
obtained from both the control methods is similar; hence the obtained terminal voltage and load current are
not having significant difference. However, from Figure .6 and 7, it can be concluded that the introduction of
frequency control is maintaining the frequency deviation within the grid standards.
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Figure 6. Results obtained from grid connected mode using conventional method
Figure 7. Results obtained from grid connected mode using frequency control method
4. CONCLUSION
This paper presents the study of a doubly fed induction generator integrated to the utility grid. The
modeling of wind turbine, DFIG, rotor side rectifier, grid side inverter and grid are done using SIMULINK.
In isolated mode of operation, the application of frequency control has yielded positive results. The generator
is able to maintain the frequency requirements of the various loads connected across its terminals. When
speed of the machine is in the sub synchronous conditions, i.e. at low wind speeds, it is advisable to
disconnect the machine from the grid to avoid motoring mode. The frequency control in grid connected mode
has also yielded positive results in all cases. In cases where the DC link voltage might tend to fluctuate, the
proposed frequency control method is giving better results. From the results obtained, it can be concluded
that the proposed frequency control method maintains the frequency deviation within the grid standards
compared to the conventional controller.
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REFERENCES
[1] Ahmed G. Abo-Khalil, Dong-Choon Lee and Se-Hyun Lee, “ Grid Connection of Doubly-Fed Induction Generators
in Wind Energy Conversion System,” IEEE 2006, IPEMC 2006
[2] Juan Dixon (Ph.D.), “Three Phase Controlled Rectifier” www.ebookfree-download.com/.../three-phase-controlled-
rectifiers-p...Cached
[3] Balasubramaniam Babypriya, Rajapalan Anita, “Modelling, Simulation and Analysis of Doubly-Fed Induction
Generation for Wind Turbines” Journal of Electrical Engineering, Vol. 60, NO. 2, 2009, 79–85
[4] Remus Teodorescu and Frede Blaabjerg, “Flexible control of small wind turbines with grid failure detection
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2004
[5] B. Chitti Babu, K.B Mohanty,“Doubly-Fed Induction Generator for Variable Wind Energy Conversion Systems-
Modeling and Simulation,” International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 1, February,
2010 1793-8163
[6] Branislav Dosijanoski, “Simulation of Doubly-Fed Induction generator in a Wind Turbine”, XI International PhD
Workshop OWD 2009,17-20 October 2009
[7] Richard Gagnon, Gilbert Sybille, Serge Bernard, Daniel Paré, Silvano Casoria, Christian Larose, “Modeling and
Real-Time Simulation of a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Driven by a Wind Turbine,” IPST’05, June 19-23,
2005, Paper No. IPST05-162
[8] I. Margaris A. Tsouchnikas and N. Hatziargyriou, “ Simulation of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Wind
Turbines” Website: www.docstoc.com
[9] Mariusz Malinowski, “Sensor less Control Strategies for Three - Phase PWM Rectifiers” Ph.D. Thesis,Warsaw,
Poland – 2001
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Website: http://webfiles.portal.chalmers.se/et/PhD/PetruTomasPhD.pdf
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AUTHORS
K.Manickavasagam received the PhD from Madurai Kamaraj University, M.E.Degree from
Thiagarajar College of engineering, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India. Currently he is working in
Gopalan College of Engineering and Management, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. His reseach
interests includes Power generation and control and artificial intelligence applications in power
systems. He is a member of the Institute of engineers (India) and life member of Indian
Society of Technical Education.