BrainGate is a brain implant system developed in 2003 to allow direct communication between the brain and external devices. It consists of a microchip implanted on the motor cortex that detects neural signals, which are transmitted via cable to an external computer. The computer uses decoding software to translate the brain activity and control assistive technologies like cursors. In clinical trials, paralyzed patients were able to control devices and play games using only their thoughts sensed by the BrainGate implant. The technology offers hope of restoring independence, though it remains expensive, risky and not yet wireless.

1. BRAINGATE
Submitted To: Charmi Purohit
Prepared By: Limbasiya Jignasha
Kumbhani Minaxi
FY MSc(IT & CA)

2. Index
• Introduction
• Type of BCI
• Development
• Brain Gate Research
• Principle
• Components
• Working
• How Information Transmitted
• Software behind Brain Gate
• Applications
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• Conclusion
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3. Introduction
• Brain gate is an electrode chip
which can be implemented in the
brain.
• When it is implemented in the
brain, the electrical signal
exchanged by neurons with in the
brain.
• Those signals are sent to the brain
and it executes body movement.
• All the signaling process is
handled by special software.
• The signal sends to the computer
and then the computer is
controlled by patient.
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4. Types of BCI:
BCI Stands Brain Computer Interface
BCI – direct communication pathway between a brain or
brain cell culture and a device (computer).
One way BCI
– information passes from brain to computer or
computer to brain
Two way BCI
– information is exchanged between brain and
computer
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5. Development
• Brain Gate is a brain implant system.
• Developed by the bio-tech company Cyber kinetics in
2003 in conjunction with the Department of
Neuroscience at Brown University.
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6. Brain Gate Research in animals
• At first, rats were implanted
with BCI .
• Signals recorded from the
cerebral cortex of rat to
operate BCI to carry out the
movement.
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7. • Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh had
demonstrated on a monkey that can feed itself with a
robotic arm simply by using signals from its brain.
It Worked!
• Using only its mind the monkey was able to control a
cursor on a computer monitor via Brain Gate.
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8. • Since there were no complications in trials with
monkeys
Next Step: Humans!
• In December 7, 2004, brain-computer interface had
been clinically tested on a human by an American
company Cyberkinetics.
• The Nature report describes the first participant in
these trials, a 25-year-old man who had sustained a
spinal cord injury leading to paralysis in all four limbs
three years prior to the study.
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9. Principle
• The principle of brain gate
neural interface system is that
which intact with brain function,
neural signals.
• It generated are interpreted by
the systems and a cursor is
shown to the user on a
computer screen.
• That provides an alternate
“Brain Gate pathway".
• User can use that cursor to
control the computer, just as a
mouse is used.
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12. The components in this system
The Neuro chip: A 4-millimeter
square silicon chip studded
with 100 hair-thin
microelectrodes is embedded
in the primary motor cortex
the region of the brain
responsible for controlling
movement
The connector: When the user thinks
“move cursor up and down”, the
cortical neurons fire in a distinctive
pattern: the signal is transmitted
through the pedestal plug attached to
the skull
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13. • The converter: The signal
travels to a shoebox-sized
amplifier mounted on the user’s
wheelchair, where it’s converted to
optical data and bounced by fiber-optic
cable to a computer.
• The computer: The computer
translates brain activity and
creates the communication output
using custom decoding software.
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14. Working
• The Brain Gate neural interface device is a propriety
brain-computer interface that consist of an Inter
neural signal sensor and External Processors.
• The sensor consists of a tiny chip containing 100
microscopic electrodes that detect brain cell
electrical activity.
• The chip is implanted on the surface of brain in the
motor cortex area that controls movement
MotorCortex
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15. Working (Cont.)
• External Processors convert neural signals into an
output signal under the users own control.
• In the pilot version of the device, a cable connects
the sensor to an external processor in a cart that
contains computers.
• The computers translate brain activity and create the
communication output using custom decoding
software.
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17. How Information is Transmitted?
• When a work is done through any part of body then a
potential difference is created in the brain.
• This potential difference is captured by the
electrodes and is transmitted via fiber optic to the
Digitizer(external processor).
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18. • The digitizer converts the signal into some 0’s and 1’s
and that is feed into the computer.
• Now when external devices are connected to the
computer ,then they work according to the thought
produced in the motor cortex.
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19. Software behind Brain Gate…
The computers
translate brain
activity and
create the
communication
output using
custom decoding
software.
System uses
adaptive
algorithms and
pattern matching
techniques to
facilitate
communication.
The algorithms
are written in C,
JAVA, and
MATLAB.
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20. Applications
• In Fox borough, a 25-year-old
quadriplegic sits in a
wheelchair with wires coming
out of a bottle-cap-size
connector stuck in his skull.
• The wires run from 100 tiny
sensors implanted in his brain
and out to a computer.
• Using just his thoughts, he
was playing the computer
game Pong
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21. Controlling robots by thoughts alone
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22. Advantages
• Controlling remote devices
• Making and receiving telephone calls
• Accessing the internet.
• Turn on or off the lights
• Control robotic arm
• Watch and control television
• Use the pc
• Locking or unlocking doors
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23. Disadvantages
• Expensive
• Risky Surgery
• Not Wireless yet
• Difficulty in adaptation and learning.
• Limitation in information transform rate. The latest
technology is 20 bits/min.
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24. Conclusion
• The invention of Brain gate is such a revolution in
medical field.
• The remarkable breakthrough offers hope that people
who are paralysed will one day be able to independently
operate artificial limbs, computers or wheelchairs.
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25. References
• www.slideshare.com
• www.Wikipedia.com
• www.BrainGate.com
• www.Howstuffworks.com
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26. Queries
?
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27. Thank U...
jignasha & Minaxi