The document discusses the BrainGate system, a brain-computer interface developed by Cyberkinetics that allows people with paralysis to control external devices with their thoughts. The system includes a neurochip implanted on the motor cortex that detects neural signals, which are transmitted to an external processor via a pedestal and converted to commands to control a computer cursor. This allows paralyzed individuals to perform tasks like operating a TV or wheelchair. The document outlines the key components, working principle, applications and advantages of the BrainGate system in helping restore functionality for the paralyzed.

1. BRAIN GATESYSTEM

2. OUTLINE
 Introduction
 Development
 Principle
 BCI Technology
 The components in this system
 Working
 Applications
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Future scope
 conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION
• It is a mind-to-movement system that allows a
quadriplegic man to control a computer using his
Thoughts.
• The system is to help those who have lost control of
their limbs, or other bodily functions, such as patients
with spinal cord injury to operate various gadgets
such as TV, computer ,lights, fan etc.
• It monitors brain activity in the patient and converts
the intention of the user into computer commands
• This can be used to control a robot arm or a cursor on
a screen

4. DEVELOPMENT
• Company and Scientist:
• Brain Gate is a brain implant system
developed by the bio-tech company
Cyber kinetics in 2003 in conjunction with
the Department of Neuroscience at Brown
University.

5. WorkingPrinciple
• The principle of brain gate
neural interface system is that
which intact with brain
function, neural signals
generated are interpreted by the
systems and a cursor is shown to
the user on a computer screen
that provides an alternate
“Brain Gate pathway". The user
can use that cursor to control
the computer, just as a mouse is
used.

6. BCITechnology
• “BCIs” usually connects the brain (or nervous system) with a
computer system.
•A Brain Computer Interface, called as direct neural interface or
brain machine interface is a direct communication pathway
between human or animal brain and an external device.
•Based on the communicative Pathway BCI is classified as follows
 One Way BCI
 Two Way BCI

7. BCI Technology (Cont.)
•One Way BCI: Computers either accept commands from the
brain or send signals to it (for example, to restore vision) but not
both.
•Two Way BCI: Brains and external devices can exchange
information in both directions but have yet to be successfully
implanted in animals or humans.
•Brain Computer interface is of three types based on its features
and are
 Invasive BCI
 Partially Invasive BCI
 Non Invasive BCI

9. • The Neuro chip: A 4-millimeter
square silicon chip studded
with 100 hair-thin
microelectrodes is embedded
in the primary motor cortex
the region of the brain
responsible for controlling
movement
• The connector: When the user thinks “move cursor up
and down”, the cortical neurons fire in a distinctive
pattern: the signal is transmitted through the pedestal plug
attached to the skull
The component in this system

10. • The converter: The signal travels
to a shoebox-sized amplifier
mounted on the user’s
wheelchair, where it’s converted to
optical data and bounced by fiber-
optic cable to a computer.
• The computer: The computer
translates brain activity and
creates the communication output
using custom decoding software.

11. Working
• of an Inter neural signal sensor and External Processors.
• The sensor consists of a tiny chip containing 100
microscopic electrodes that detect brain cell electrical
activity.
• The Brain Gate neural interface device is a
propriety brain-computer interface that consist
• The chip is implanted on the surface of brain in
the motor cortex area that controls movement.
Motor
Cortex

12. Working(Cont.)
• External Processors convert neural signals into an
output signal under the users own control.
• In the pilot version of the device, a cable connects
the sensor to an external processor in a cart that
contains computers.
• The computers translate brain activity and create
the communication output using custom decoding
software.

14. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

15. HOWINFORMATIONIS TRANSMITTED?
• When a work is done through any part of
body then a potential difference is created
in the brain.
• This potential difference is captured by the
electrodes and is transmitted via fiber optic
to the Digitizer(external processor).

16. • The digitizer converts the signal into some
0’s and 1’s and that is feed into the
computer.
• Thus a new path for propagation of brain
commands from the brain to the computer
via Brain Gate are created.
• Now when external devices are connected
to the computer ,then they work according
to the thought produced in the motor cortex.

17. Brain Gate Research in Human
A boon to the paralyzed
• Mathew-Nagel the first person to use
the brain-computer interface to restore
functionality lost due to paralysis…

18. APPLICATIONS
 In classification Of EEG Signal
 In multimedia communications
 In evaluation of spike detection algorithms
Actuated control of mobile robot by human EEG
 AS a brain controlled switch for asynchronous
control
 In evaluating the machine learning algorithms

19. ADVANTAGES
• Controlling remote devices
• Making and receiving
telephone calls
• Accessing the internet.
• Turn on or off the lights
• Control robotic arm
• Watch and control television
• Use the pc
• Locking or unlocking doors
• Motorized wheelchair

20. DISADVANTAGES
• Expensive
• Risky Surgery
• Not Wireless yet
• Difficulty in adaptation and learning.
•Limitation in information transform rate.
The latest technology is 20 bits/min.

21. Future Scope
• Current new advances include a
second-generation interface
software M*Power controller
that will enable users to perform
a wide variety of daily activities
without assistances of technician.
• Smaller ,wireless device .
• The user will have an improved
control of respiratory system, limb with
muscle stimulation or robotics.

22. Conclusion
• The invention of Brain gate is such a revolution in
medical field. The remarkable breakthrough offers
hope that people who are paralyzed will one day
be able to independently operate artificial limbs,
computers or wheelchairs.
• The idea of moving robots or prosthetic devices
not by manual control, but by mere “thinking”
(i.e., the brain activity of human subjects) has
been a fascinated approach

23. REFERENCES
 https://www.slideshare.net/rahulbansal1991/brain-gate-13950593
 https://www.academia.edu/16876035/BRAIN_GATE_TECHNOLOG
Y
 https://www.seminarsonly.com/Labels/Braingate-PPT-
Download.php

24. THANK YOU…