The document discusses the Brain Gate, a brain implant system that allows people with paralysis to control external devices with their thoughts. It works by using a tiny chip implanted on the brain's motor cortex to detect electrical signals, which are translated by external processors into commands to move a computer cursor or prosthetic limb. While expensive and requiring surgery, the Brain Gate provides hope for increased independence for paralyzed individuals by helping them control wheelchairs, computers, or prosthetics through thought alone.

1. THE BRAIN GATE

2. CONTENT
• Introduction
• Development
• Working Principle
• Types of Brain Computer Interface(BCI)
• Application
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Future Scope
• Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION
• It is a mind-to-movement system that allows a quadriplegic
man to control a computer using his Thoughts.
• The system is to help those who have lost control of their
limbs, or other bodily functions, such as patients with spinal
cord injury to operate various gadgets such as TV, computer
,lights, fan etc.
• It monitors brain activity in the patient and converts the
intention of the user into computer commands
• This can be used to control a robot arm or a cursor on a screen

4. DEVELOPMENT
Company and Scientist
• Brain Gate is a brain implant system developed by the
bio-tech company Cyber kinetics in 2003 in conjunction
with the Department of Neuroscience at Brown

5. WORKING PRINCIPLE
• The principle of brain gate neural interface system is that which
intact with brain function, neural signals generated are
interpreted by the systems and a cursor is shown to the user on a
computer screen that provides an alternate “Brain Gate
pathway". The user can use that cursor to control the computer,
just as a mouse is used.

6. TYPES OF BRAIN COMPUTER
INTERFACE(BCI)
• One way BCI
Computers either accept commands from the brain or send signals to it
• Two way BCI
Allow brains and external devices to exchange information in both directions.

7. WORKING
• The Brain Gate neural interface device is a propriety brain-
computer interface that consist of an Inter neural signal
sensor and External Processors.
• The sensor consists of a tiny chip containing 100
microscopic electrodes that detect brain cell electrical
activity.
• The chip is implanted on the surface of brain in the motor
cortex area that controls movement.

8. • External Processors convert neural signals into an
output signal under the users own control.
• In the pilot version of the device, a cable connects the
sensor to an external processor in a cart that contains
computers.
• The computers translate brain activity and create the
communication output using custom decoding
software.

9. METHODS TO SENSE
SIGNALS FROM NEURONS
• ECoG – ElectroCorticoGraphy
– Measures the electric activity taken from the skull
– Electrodes are embedded in a thin plastic pad
above the cortex
– It has higher spatial resolutions, wider frequency
range

10. • EEG – Electroencephalography
– Easiest and least invasive method
– A device known as electroencephalograph is
attached to the scalp
– Electrodes can read brain signals
– Ease of use, Low set-up cost, Portability
– An extensive training required before users can
work the technology

11. APPLICATIONS
• Used as medical devices
• Control Video games and Televisions by thoughts
• Robotic organs for humans
• Thought controlled wheelchair
• Trigger muscle and limb movement.

12. ADVANTAGES
• Controlling remote devices
• Making and receiving telephone calls
• Accessing the internet.
• Turn on or off the lights
• Control robotic arm
• Watch and control television
• Use the pc
• Locking or unlocking doors
• Motorized wheelchair

13. DISADVANTAGES
• Expensive
• Risky Surgery
• Not Wireless yet
• Difficulty in adaptation and learning.
• Limitation in information transform rate.
The latest technology is 20 bits/min.

14. FUTURE SCOPE
• Current new advances include a second-generation interface
software M*Power controller that will enable users to perform a
wide variety of daily activities without assistances of technician.
• Smaller ,wireless device .
• The user will have an improved control of respiratory system, limb
with muscle stimulation or robotics.

15. CONCLUSION
• The invention of Brain gate is such a revolution in
medical field. The remarkable breakthrough offers hope
that people who are paralyzed will one day be able to
independently operate artificial limbs, computers or
wheelchairs.

16. REFERENCE
• www.google.com
• www.wikipedia.com
• www.studymafia.org

17. Thanks

18. QUERIES?