There are several methods for determining body composition and measuring obesity levels: 1) Body mass index (BMI) calculates weight relative to height and can indicate overweight or obesity levels. 2) Waist-to-hip ratio measures abdominal fat by comparing waist and hip circumference. Higher ratios mean more abdominal fat and greater health risks. 3) Skinfold thickness uses calipers to measure subcutaneous fat layers at various body sites and estimate body fat percentage.