This document discusses various topics related to energy balance, body composition, estimating energy requirements, defining healthy body weight, measuring body fat, and weight loss diets. It covers direct and indirect calorimetry, factors that influence food intake and energy expenditure, methods for assessing body weight and composition, health risks associated with being underweight or overweight, and claims made by popular high-protein low-carbohydrate diets.

1. Energy Balance and Body Composition Studying = 1 or 2 kcalories/minute

2. Energy Balance

3. Food Composition Direct calorimetry vs. indirect calorimetry Physiological fuel value

4. Food Intake Hunger Appetite Satiation Satiety Overriding hunger and satiety Stress eating Sustaining satiation and satiety satiating

5. Food Intake

6. Sustaining satiation and satiety lower-fat foods can be eaten in larger portions for the same number of kcalories Food Intake

7. Food Intake Hypothalamus Neuropeptide Y

8. Thermogenesis Basal thermogenesis Exercise-induced thermogenesis Diet-induced thermogenesis Adaptive thermogenesis

9. Components of Energy Expenditure

10. Components of Energy Expenditure Basal metabolism Basal metabolic rate (BMR) Resting metabolic rate (RMR) Physical activity

11. Components of Energy Expenditure Thermic effect of food (TEF) Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT)

12. Estimating Energy Requirements Gender Growth Age

13. Estimating Energy Requirements Physical activity Body composition Body size

14. Body Weight, Body Composition, and Health Body composition Body weight = fat + lean tissue (including water)

15. Defining Healthy Body Weight The criterion of fashion: BMI of Miss America

16. Defining Healthy Body Weight The criterion of health Body mass index (BMI) =weight (kg)/height (m) 2

17. BMI Values Used to Assess Weight

18. Distribution of Body Weights in U.S. Adults

19. Body Fat and Its Distribution

20. Body Fat and Its Distribution Some people need less body fat Some people need more body fat

21. Body Fat and Its Distribution Fat distribution Intra-abdominal fat Central obesity

23. Body Fat and Its Distribution Waist circumference-according to some...if it’s anything over 35”, it’s too much!

24. Body Fat and Its Distribution Other measures of body composition Fatfold measure Hydrodensitometry Bioelectrical impedance

25. Body Fat and Its Distribution Other measures of body composition Air displacement plethysmography Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

26. Methods Used to Assess Body Fat

27. Health Risks Associated With Body Weight and Body Fat Health risks of underweight Health risks of overweight

28. BMI and Mortality

29. Health Risks Associated With Body Weight and Body Fat Cardiovascular disease Diabetes Cancer Fat and fit versus sedentary and slim

30. The Latest and Greatest Weight-Loss Diet - Again The claims and truths of diet fads High-protein, low carbohydrate diets The diet’s appeal

31. The Latest and Greatest Weight-Loss Diet - Again High-protein, low carbohydrate diets Don’t count kcalories Satisfy hunger Follow a plan Limit choices

32. The Latest and Greatest Weight-Loss Diet - Again High-protein, low carbohydrate diets Too much fat Too much protein Too little everything else The body’s perspective

33. Questions or Thoughts If you have any questions or thoughts please feel free to post them in the Discussion Forum/Board or you can e-mail your instructor