Blood types were first discovered in 1900 by Karl Landsteiner who found that blood from different people would clump together in test tubes. The main blood types are A, B, AB, and O determined by the presence of antigens on red blood cells. People with type A blood can donate to A and AB, while type B to B and AB, type O to all, and type AB only to AB. Each blood type is believed to correlate with certain personality traits and dietary recommendations like type A being vegetarian oriented and type O avoiding wheat and dairy.
Estimation of Blood Urea Nitrogen by Dr. TehmasTehmas Ahmad
Lecture/Demonstration of Biochemistry Practical of Blood Urea Nitrogen estimation in serum Delivered on 11-04-2018 to 2nd year MBBS students of Bannu Medical College, Bannu.
Estimation of Blood Urea Nitrogen by Dr. TehmasTehmas Ahmad
Lecture/Demonstration of Biochemistry Practical of Blood Urea Nitrogen estimation in serum Delivered on 11-04-2018 to 2nd year MBBS students of Bannu Medical College, Bannu.
Blood smear preparation, fixation, staining. Veterinary Clinical Examination ...Gansbaai SA
How to make a blood smear, including all steps: Preparation, fixation and staining. Veterinary clinical Examination for small and large animals. Methanol - Fixation. Additionaly basic information about blood.
Hematopoiesis is the process of blood cell production, differentiation, and development. hematopoeisis starts in yolk sac in the fetus and continued in he liver, spleen and bone marrow. In adult, hematopoeisis occurs in bone marrow.
Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. erythroproietin stimulate RBC production (initially CFU-E ) in response of hypoxia.
Blood group by Pandian M, Tutor, Dept of Physiology, DYPMCKOP,MH. Pandian M
this ppt for M.Sc and other pre & para medical course students
History of Blood Transfusions
Karl Landsteiner Law
Blood Type
Bombay blood group
Hemolysis
Blood Types Donors and Recipients
Blood Types & The Theory of Evolution
Rh Factor
Erythroblastosis fetalis
Who Donates Blood ?
Interpretation of Slide Typing Testing with Anti-A Anti-Serum
Blood smear preparation, fixation, staining. Veterinary Clinical Examination ...Gansbaai SA
How to make a blood smear, including all steps: Preparation, fixation and staining. Veterinary clinical Examination for small and large animals. Methanol - Fixation. Additionaly basic information about blood.
Hematopoiesis is the process of blood cell production, differentiation, and development. hematopoeisis starts in yolk sac in the fetus and continued in he liver, spleen and bone marrow. In adult, hematopoeisis occurs in bone marrow.
Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. erythroproietin stimulate RBC production (initially CFU-E ) in response of hypoxia.
Blood group by Pandian M, Tutor, Dept of Physiology, DYPMCKOP,MH. Pandian M
this ppt for M.Sc and other pre & para medical course students
History of Blood Transfusions
Karl Landsteiner Law
Blood Type
Bombay blood group
Hemolysis
Blood Types Donors and Recipients
Blood Types & The Theory of Evolution
Rh Factor
Erythroblastosis fetalis
Who Donates Blood ?
Interpretation of Slide Typing Testing with Anti-A Anti-Serum
• A blood group also called a Blood Type.
• Classification of blood is based on the presence or absence
of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood
cells (RBCs).
• These antigens may be proteins, carbohydrates,
glycoproteins, or glycolipids, depending on the blood group
system.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
Explore our infographic on 'Essential Metrics for Palliative Care Management' which highlights key performance indicators crucial for enhancing the quality and efficiency of palliative care services.
This visual guide breaks down important metrics across four categories: Patient-Centered Metrics, Care Efficiency Metrics, Quality of Life Metrics, and Staff Metrics. Each section is designed to help healthcare professionals monitor and improve care delivery for patients facing serious illnesses. Understand how to implement these metrics in your palliative care practices for better outcomes and higher satisfaction levels.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
2. CONTENT
• Introduction
• History blood types
• Types of blood groups
• Qualities of blood type
• Eating habits
• Compatibility blood types
3. INTRODUCTION
• A blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood, based on the
presence and absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the
surface of red blood cells (RBCs).
• These antigens may be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids,
depending on the blood group system.
• Some blood types are inherited and represent contributions from both parents.
• The two most important ones are ABO and the Rh blood group systems; they
determine someone's blood type (A, B, AB and O, with +, − or null denoting RhD
status) for suitability in blood transfusion.
4. HISTORY OF BLOOD
TYPES
• Blood types were first discovered by an Austrian Physician Karl
Landsteiner working at the Pathological-Anatomical Institute of the University of
Vienna (now Medical University of Vienna).
• In 1900, he found that blood sera from different persons would clump together
(agglutinate) when mixed in test tubes, and not only that some human blood also
agglutinated with animal blood
5.
6. TYPE:- A,B,O,AB
TYPE A
• The blood type, you can donate red blood cells to types A and AB.
• The makeup of a person’s antigens on red blood cells can determine how much of
a certain hormone gets released. If you have type A blood, you're more likely to
have higher levels of the stress hormone cortisol in your body.
TYPE B
• The type of blood type, you have type B blood, you only have the B antigens on red
cells and A antibodies in the plasma; you can donate red blood cells to those with
types B and AB blood.
• Those with type B have an 11 percent increase in risk of heart disease.
TYPE O
• If you fall into the O blood group, you have neither A nor B antigens on your red
cells, but both A and B antibodies in your plasma. O positive is the most common
blood type; O negative is the universal donor type, meaning those with this blood
type can donate red blood cells to anybody.
TYPE AB
• Those with AB blood have both A and B antigens on red cells, but neither A nor B
antibody in the plasma. If you have AB positive blood, you are universal plasma
donor.
7. Qualities of blood type
TYPE A “cool”
• Obedient, Careful, Sympathetic, Self-Sacrificing, Polite, Honest, Loyal, Emotional,
Introverted & Nervous.
• Are reserved calm and even tempered. Sensitive to public opinion. May be
Introverted, shy and nervous or ill at ease with others. May be Pessimistic. Value
relationships and are loyal. Hesitant to change. Nature lovers and dislike crowds -
need a private place or secret hideaway. Can be indecisive. Good at team work
and obey rules.
• Dislike to touch or be touched by others.
TYPE B “active”
• Cheerful, Optimistic, Active, Sensitive, Kind, Forgetful, unorganized, Noisy,
Egocentric
• Energetic and have the drive to reach towards goals. May be workaholics. Not the
best team players and are individualistic. Do things at one's own pace. Strong
personality adventurous. Likes to get one's own way. Are Sociable and enjoy
entertaining.
• Like to touch or be touched by others.
8. CONTINUATION OF BLOOD TYPES
TYPE O “hot”
• Confident and Strong-Willed, Proud, Dedicated, Sociable, Energetic, Extroverted,
Frank, Realist, Showy, Flighty, Generalist, Positive, Independent, Risk-Takers,
Dislike taking orders, Insecure, Stubborn & Self-Centered.
• Make friends easily and go with flow and grasp opportunity. Quick to start a
project or chase an idea. Are good at organizing activities. May have short
attention span, and expresses strong emotions. May quickly take opposite views
that are deep but not always durable. Classic entrepreneurs and movers and
shakers.
• Express their emotions but can be swayed by other blood types. Have an intrinsic
elegance. Sociable and showy. May be good at adapting to circumstances. Words
come easily to them. Not self conscious and will frankly reveal inner feelings.
Ambitious, but may have issues with detail.
TYPE AB “care free”
• Social, Easy-going, Sympathetic, Diplomatic, Outgoing, Laid-back, Creative,
Unpredictable, Artistic, Flexible, Moody and Brooding.
• Blend of opposites. Shy with some and bold with some. Introvert and
Extrovert. Unpredictable and may seem to have calm exterior. Strong
creative strain. Good at spotting problems and skirting them. Like city
environment. Get bored easily. Everything they do is compelling. Never take
things for granted. Appear mysterious. Contribute harmoniously to society.
9. EATING HABITS
TYPE A
• People whose blood is type A are steered toward a vegetarian diet, including soy
proteins, grains, and vegetables. They are also encouraged to eat organic and
fresh food in as natural a state as possible.
TYPE B
• People whose blood is type B are identified as omnivores who can eat a variety of
foods. They should avoid certain foods — like corn, wheat, buckwheat, lentils,
tomatoes, peanuts, sesame seeds, and chicken — and instead opt for goat, lamb,
mutton, rabbit, green vegetables, eggs, and low-fat dairy products.
TYPE O
• If you are type O, like an estimated 46 percent of the population, the Eat Right 4
Your Type program suggests that you stay away from wheat, dairy, caffeine, and
alcohol. Reach instead for fruits, vegetables, and lean, organic meats.
TYPE AB
• People whose blood is type AB should choose tofu, seafood like mahi-mahi and
salmon, dairy like yogurt and kefir, and green vegetables like kale and broccoli.
They should avoid caffeine, alcohol, and smoked and cured meats, and try to eat
more small meals throughout the day, according to the diet.