This document discusses biosafety and biosafety cabinets. It defines biosafety as safety precautions that reduce risk of exposure to infectious materials. There are 4 biosafety levels depending on the risk of the microbe, with level 4 being the highest risk. Biosafety cabinets provide protection to personnel, environment, and products being handled. There are 3 classes of biosafety cabinets - Class I provides personnel and environmental protection; Class II provides personnel, environmental, and product protection; Class III provides highest level of containment for dangerous pathogens. The document outlines practices for different biosafety levels and cabinet classes.
Safety cabinets are intended to protect a laboratory worker from aerosols and airborne particles.
They will not protect the person from spillages and the consequences of mishandling and poor technique.
Aerosol particles of less than 5 µm in diameter and small droplets of 5–100 µm in diameter are not visible to the naked eye.
The laboratory worker is generally not aware that such particles are being generated and may be inhaled or may cross contaminate work surface materials.
BSCs, when properly used, have been shown to be highly effective in reducing laboratory-acquired infections and cross-contaminations of cultures due to aerosol exposures. BSCs also protect the environment.
Most BSCs use high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters in the exhaust and supply systems.
The exception is a Class I BSC, which does not have HEPA filtered supply air.
deals with biosafety in medical labs. universal safety precautions included. Includes updated 8 categories and colour coding for BMW management. Being a budding microbiologist, kept it focused on microbiology lab
Biosafety is the application of safety precautions that reduce a Laboratory based risk of exposure to a potentially infectious material and limit contamination of the working and surrounding environment.
The primary principle of biosafety is “Containment”.
Containment
The action of keeping harmful things under control and within limits
Or
A series of safe methods for managing infectious bacteria in the laboratory.
Safety cabinets are intended to protect a laboratory worker from aerosols and airborne particles.
They will not protect the person from spillages and the consequences of mishandling and poor technique.
Aerosol particles of less than 5 µm in diameter and small droplets of 5–100 µm in diameter are not visible to the naked eye.
The laboratory worker is generally not aware that such particles are being generated and may be inhaled or may cross contaminate work surface materials.
BSCs, when properly used, have been shown to be highly effective in reducing laboratory-acquired infections and cross-contaminations of cultures due to aerosol exposures. BSCs also protect the environment.
Most BSCs use high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters in the exhaust and supply systems.
The exception is a Class I BSC, which does not have HEPA filtered supply air.
deals with biosafety in medical labs. universal safety precautions included. Includes updated 8 categories and colour coding for BMW management. Being a budding microbiologist, kept it focused on microbiology lab
Biosafety is the application of safety precautions that reduce a Laboratory based risk of exposure to a potentially infectious material and limit contamination of the working and surrounding environment.
The primary principle of biosafety is “Containment”.
Containment
The action of keeping harmful things under control and within limits
Or
A series of safe methods for managing infectious bacteria in the laboratory.
Basics of BioSafety
This lesson will define and present information on
methods used to provide biosafety in facilities
where potentially infectious agents are used.
These include:
Containment
Biological safety cabinets
Personal protection equipment
The facility as barrier
Secondary barriers
Workplace safety is an important aspect to protect personnel against injury or serious accident.In case of animal cell culture safety takes a front seat due to nature of work i.e. handling of human cells and tissues, viruses with high potential to cause infections to humans and other adventitious micro organisms. This presentation presents various methods of safety to protect lab personnel from infectious biological agents.
Basics of BioSafety
This lesson will define and present information on
methods used to provide biosafety in facilities
where potentially infectious agents are used.
These include:
Containment
Biological safety cabinets
Personal protection equipment
The facility as barrier
Secondary barriers
Workplace safety is an important aspect to protect personnel against injury or serious accident.In case of animal cell culture safety takes a front seat due to nature of work i.e. handling of human cells and tissues, viruses with high potential to cause infections to humans and other adventitious micro organisms. This presentation presents various methods of safety to protect lab personnel from infectious biological agents.
This presentation, presented to senior thesis students at UC Berkeley, reviews the uses of qualitative research methods such as ethnography in public health, walking students through methods, sampling, ensuring rigor, and analysis with CAQDAS software such as Atlas.ti
Biosafety level and biosafety cabinets (1)AsmaraAslam1
This presentation includes the basic knowledge of biosafety cabinets air flow and its structure with a lot of understandable knowledge. I hope all the finders liked it and also remember me in your precious Dua. Thank You!
Aseptic Area and Microbial Control. - Pharmaceutical Microbiology (SYBpharm) ...Kiran Shinde
Prof.Mr.Kiran K. Shinde (M.Pharm), Assistant professor (VNIPRC)
Pharmaceutical microbiology (Second year b.pharm) (3rd semester)
Introduction to Aseptic area & room
Designing of Aseptic Room
Laminar Airflow Equipment
Sources of Contamination & Method of Prevention
Classification of Aseptic Area-Room
Testing of Clean Aseptic Room
Designing of aseptic area, laminar flow equipment: Study of different source ...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
Designing of aseptic area, laminar flow equipment: Study of different source of contamination in aseptic area and methods of prevention, clean area classification. PHARMACEUTICALMICROBIOLOGY (BP303T)Unit-IVPart-1
Introduction: Designing of Aseptic Area . i) The clean-up area,
ii) The compounding area,
iii) The aseptic area,
iv) The quarantine area and
v) The packaging/labelling area.
Flow diagram of aseptic area. Floors, walls and ceilings, Doors, windows and services Personnel and protective clothing Cleaning and disinfection. Air Supply. Laminar flow equipment. Vertical laminar air flow bench
Horizontal laminar air flow bench
High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filter. Operating Instructions Uses of Laminar Air Flow.Advantages of Laminar Air Flow.Limitations of Laminar Air Flow. Air flow pattern Unidirectional airflow
Non-unidirectional airflow
Combined airflow
Different Sources of Contamination in an Aseptic Area
1) Personnel:
2) Buildings and Facilities
3) Equipment and Utensils:
4) Raw Materials
5) Manufacturing Process:
Methods of Prevention of Contamination Clean Area Classification
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
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www.agostodourado.com
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
2. Topics to be discussed
:
• What is biosafety?
• Why we need ?
• Levels of biosafety
• Biosafety cabinet
• Types
• Decontamination
3. Biosafety is the application of safety
precautions that reduce a
laboratorians risk of exposure to a
potentially infectious material and
limit contamination of the work
environment and ultimately the
community { CDC }
4. Why we need
biosafety ????
1. Lab has hazards of
processing infectious agents
2. Accidental threat to workers
and environment
3. To have adherence with
safety regulations while
dealing with highly
infectious agents
5.
6. BIOSAFETY LEVEL 1
• Microbes not known consistently to cause
disease in healthy adults and present minimal
potential hazard to lab and environment
• Eg : non pathogenic strain of E.coli
7. BSL – 1 practices:
• Standard microbiological practices are
followed
• Work can be performed on an open table or
bench
• PPE{Personal protective equipment} needed
• Sink – hand washing
• Lab – doors seperate
8. Biosafety level 2
• Microbes that possess moderate hazards to
laboratorians
• Eg: Staphylococcus aureus
9. BSL – 2 practices:
• Access to lab is restricted when work is being
conducted
• PPE , face shields, eye goggles
• Biosafety cabinet
• Autoclave/Decontamination proper
• Self closing doors
• Sink with eyewash apparatus readily available
11. BSL 3 - practices
• Laboratorians – under medical surveillance
and receive immunisation
• Access to lab restricted & controlled
• PPE with respirators
• BSC
• Sink with eyewash
• Exhaust air – not recirculated
• Self closing doors with automatic locking
14. BSL 4 - practices
• Change clothes before entering
• Shower upon exiting
• Decontaminate all materials before exiting
• Class III BSC
• Separate building for lab
• Vacuum lines and decontamination systems
17. Introduction
• Biosafety cabinets (BSCs) are primary means of
containment, developed for working safely with
infectious micro-organisms
• BSCs are only one overall part of biosafety program,
which requires consistent use of
– good microbiological practices
– primary containment equipment
– primary containment facility design
18. To be precise,
“BSCs are designed to provide personnel,
environmental and product protection when
appropriate practices and procedures are followed”
Adapted from CDC-BMBL- 5th Edition/1999
Appendix A – Primary Containment for Biohazards: Selection, Installation and
Use of Biological Safety Cabinets
19. Historical perspective
1. Early prototype clean air cubicles (clean filtered air
was blown directly at the working surface inside a
cubicle – this places the personnel in a contaminated
air stream)
2. Concept of small workstation (non-ventilated
cabinets – wood/stainless steel)
3. Ventilated cabinets (lack of controlled/ adequate air
flow leading on to mass airflow) Class I
4. HEPA filter were introduced (undergoing
modifications till date)
20. • HEPA – High efficiency particulate air filter
• It removes the most penetrating particle size (MPPS)
of 0.3 μm with an efficiency of at least 99.97 %
• The typical HEPA filter is a single sheet of borosilicate
fibers treated with a wet-strength water-repellant
binder
21. • The filter medium is pleated to increase the overall
surface area, with pleats being separated by
corrugated aluminum tubes
• This separation is mainly to prevent collapse
• It removes particulate matter by three mechanisms
interception, impaction, diffusion
• The filtering efficiency depends upon fiber diameter,
filter thickness and face velocity
• These filters are fitted either in the exhaust or air
supply system to remove particulate matter
24. Importance of a Biosafety cabinet
• Provide protection to the
– personnel handling infectious material
– environment by preventing the release of
microbes
– product (e.g. in handling cell cultures)
25. BIOSAFETY CABINET - I
• Provides personnel and environmental protection,
but no product protection
• Exhaust system – HEPA filter
• Class I BSC – unfiltered room air is drawn in through
the work opening and across the work surface
• Inward airflow – Minimum velocity – 75 linear feet /
minutes
26. • To enclose equipment (Eg. Centrifuges,
harvesting equipment, small fermenters)
• For procedures with potential to generate
aerosols ( tissue homogenation, culture
aeration)
• Class I BSC is hard-ducted
• Cabinet air is drawn through a HEPA filter as it
enters the cabinet exhaust plenum.
27. REQUIREMENTS:
• Open fronted
• Glass in the upper front
• An integral tray to contain spills and splashes
• Inward airflow – 0.7 to 1 m/sec
• Protection factor – 1.5 * 105
• Protection factor = number of particles which,
if liberated into the air of the cabinet will not
escape into the room
• Filtration from the exhaust air - HEPA
29. Biosafety cabinet class II
• Product protection
• Predictable particle behaviour
• Laminar air flow principle (1960)
• Particle barrier systems
• Risk of contaminant release into the lab and risk
of product contamination
31. CLASS II – Type A1
• Internal fan – draws room air – 75lfm velocity
• Supply air flows through HEPA – particulate
free air to the work surface
• Reduced turbulence
• Reduced cross contamination
32. • Downward moving air – splits into two
1) To the front grille
2) To the rear grille
• 30% of the air – exhaust HEPA filter
• 70% of the air – recirculates through HEPA
filter back into the work zone of the cabinet
33. • Not to be used for work involving volatile toxic
chemicals
• Exhaust the air outside the building ( through
use of canopy hood and filter housing )
• CLASS II A1 and A2 – never be hard ducted to
the building exhaust system
35. CLASS II A2 ( formerly B3)
• Inflow air velocity 100lfm
• all positive pressure contaminated plenums
within the cabinet are surrounded by a
negative air pressure plenum ensures
leakage
37. CLASS II B1
• For hazardous chemicals and carcinogens
• Designed and originated with the National
cancer institute type 212 ( later called Type B)
• Definition of Type B1 cabinets:
• Classic NCI design Type B, and cabinets without
supply HEPA filters located immediately below the
work surface, or those with exhaust/recirculation
down flow splits other than exactly 70/30%
38. • Cabinet supply blowers draw room air through
the front grille and through HEPA
• Inflow velocity 100lfm
• Split in the down flowing air stream just above
the work surface
• 70% air through the rear grille exhaust
HEPA filter discharge through building
• 30% air Down flow air front grille
40. CLASS II B2
• Total exhaust cabinet
• No air recirculation
• Simultaneous biological and chemical containment
• Inflow air velocity 100lfm
• Exhaust 1200 cubic feet/min of room air
expensive cabinet high cost of heavier gauge and
higher capacity exhaust fan hence only for
research
42. CLASS III
• Highly infectious agents, hazardous operations
• Gas tight no leak greater than 1 *10-7
cc/sec with 1% test gas at 3 inches pressure
water gauge
• Non opening view window
• Passage of materials through a dunk tank
• Double door pass through box with autoclave
43. • Supply and exhaust air HEPA
• Negative pressure cabinet
• No exhaust through the general lab exhaust
• Long heavy duty rubber gloves attached in a
gas tight manner to port in the cabinets
45. Work practices and procedures
• Checklist of materials and work activity
protocol
• Arm movement slowly
• Minimum persons
• Lab coats buttoned fully
• Proper Stool height
46. Check list
• Daily check of airflow by airflow indicator and
monthly or weekly with an anemometer
• Ideal air flow – 0.7 to 1 m/s
47. • All procedures should be done atleast four
inches in from the front grille
• Only the materials needed for work should be
kept inside
• Wait for minimum of four minutes to switch
off the blowers after the work is over
48. Decontamination
• Disinfectant selection EPA registration number
in the label and list of infectious agents that the
disinfectant is effective
• BSC – ethanol not used as decontamination as it
evaporates – no proper contact time – ethanol
can be used as a rinsing agent
• Formaldehyde vapour sterilisation to be done to
kill spores
49. Disinfection method A
• Cabinets with an internal electric power
supply
• Place 25 ml formalin(cabinet with internal
volume of 0.38cu.m) to a vaporizer, or into a
beaker on a hotplate
• Close the cabinet and ensure that the exhause
blow back valve is closed
• Boil away formalin
50. Disinfection method B
• 35ml formalin in a 100ml beaker inside the
cabinet add 10g potassium permanganate
seal the cabinet
• Leave the cabinet at least 5 hours , preferably
overnight and label DANGER – FUMIGATION
IN PROGRESS
• Open next day and work after 30 min for
residual formaldehyde to exhaust
51. • Use of Ultraviolet lamps for BSC is not
advisable { NIH, CDC }
53. References
• Appendix A – primary containment for
biohazards – CDC article
• Koneman`s color atlas and T.B of diagnostic
microbiology
• Diagnostic microbiology – Bailey and scott –
13th edition
• Practical medical microbiology – Mackie and
Mccartney – 14th edition