Biosafety levels and biosafety cabinets are essential for safely working with infectious agents in laboratories. There are four biosafety levels with increasing safety precautions for more dangerous pathogens. Biosafety cabinets provide personnel, environmental or product protection depending on the class. Class I provides personnel and environmental protection while Class II and III also provide product protection using laminar airflow and HEPA filtration of exhaust air. Proper work practices, maintenance, and decontamination methods are required when using biosafety cabinets.
A biosafety cabinet: also called a biological safety cabinet or microbiological safety cabinet—is an enclosed, ventilated laboratory workspace for safely working with materials contaminated with (or potentially contaminated with) pathogens requiring a defined biosafety level.
Safety cabinets are intended to protect a laboratory worker from aerosols and airborne particles.
They will not protect the person from spillages and the consequences of mishandling and poor technique.
Aerosol particles of less than 5 µm in diameter and small droplets of 5–100 µm in diameter are not visible to the naked eye.
The laboratory worker is generally not aware that such particles are being generated and may be inhaled or may cross contaminate work surface materials.
BSCs, when properly used, have been shown to be highly effective in reducing laboratory-acquired infections and cross-contaminations of cultures due to aerosol exposures. BSCs also protect the environment.
Most BSCs use high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters in the exhaust and supply systems.
The exception is a Class I BSC, which does not have HEPA filtered supply air.
A biosafety cabinet: also called a biological safety cabinet or microbiological safety cabinet—is an enclosed, ventilated laboratory workspace for safely working with materials contaminated with (or potentially contaminated with) pathogens requiring a defined biosafety level.
Safety cabinets are intended to protect a laboratory worker from aerosols and airborne particles.
They will not protect the person from spillages and the consequences of mishandling and poor technique.
Aerosol particles of less than 5 µm in diameter and small droplets of 5–100 µm in diameter are not visible to the naked eye.
The laboratory worker is generally not aware that such particles are being generated and may be inhaled or may cross contaminate work surface materials.
BSCs, when properly used, have been shown to be highly effective in reducing laboratory-acquired infections and cross-contaminations of cultures due to aerosol exposures. BSCs also protect the environment.
Most BSCs use high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters in the exhaust and supply systems.
The exception is a Class I BSC, which does not have HEPA filtered supply air.
This Presentation is presented by tuba nafees Graduate in university of Karachi from department of biotechnology.
This presentation will cover Bio-safety levels.
Video link is attached below:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eavkVHsSO1E
According to the Centre Of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Biosafety is the application of safety precautions that reduce a laboratorian’s risk of exposure to a potentially infectious material and limit contamination of the work environment and ultimately the community.
Biohazardous wastes are the most promising sections to manage in the present condition.There are many rules to be folowed in disposal,transportation and treatment of biohazardous waste.
It has been developed for the detection, enumeration & identification of bacteria & yeasts in clinical specimens.
It is an instrument used for automatic computer-assisted identification of bacteria
It mainly involves staining, motility test, cultural characteristics, a series of biochemical tests.
The automatic bacteria identification system automatically identifies the bacteria in very short time.
Biosaftey means the needs to protect human and animal health along with the environment from the possible adverse effects of the products of modern biotechnology. Biosafety defines the containment conditions under which infectious agents can be safely manipulated. Biosafety word is used to reduce and eliminate the potential risk regulating from the modern biotechnology and its products.
This Presentation is presented by tuba nafees Graduate in university of Karachi from department of biotechnology.
This presentation will cover Bio-safety levels.
Video link is attached below:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eavkVHsSO1E
According to the Centre Of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Biosafety is the application of safety precautions that reduce a laboratorian’s risk of exposure to a potentially infectious material and limit contamination of the work environment and ultimately the community.
Biohazardous wastes are the most promising sections to manage in the present condition.There are many rules to be folowed in disposal,transportation and treatment of biohazardous waste.
It has been developed for the detection, enumeration & identification of bacteria & yeasts in clinical specimens.
It is an instrument used for automatic computer-assisted identification of bacteria
It mainly involves staining, motility test, cultural characteristics, a series of biochemical tests.
The automatic bacteria identification system automatically identifies the bacteria in very short time.
Biosaftey means the needs to protect human and animal health along with the environment from the possible adverse effects of the products of modern biotechnology. Biosafety defines the containment conditions under which infectious agents can be safely manipulated. Biosafety word is used to reduce and eliminate the potential risk regulating from the modern biotechnology and its products.
Biosafety level and biosafety cabinets (1)AsmaraAslam1
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Aseptic Area and Microbial Control. - Pharmaceutical Microbiology (SYBpharm) ...Kiran Shinde
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Pharmaceutical microbiology (Second year b.pharm) (3rd semester)
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Designing of Aseptic Room
Laminar Airflow Equipment
Sources of Contamination & Method of Prevention
Classification of Aseptic Area-Room
Testing of Clean Aseptic Room
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ii) The compounding area,
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Flow diagram of aseptic area. Floors, walls and ceilings, Doors, windows and services Personnel and protective clothing Cleaning and disinfection. Air Supply. Laminar flow equipment. Vertical laminar air flow bench
Horizontal laminar air flow bench
High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filter. Operating Instructions Uses of Laminar Air Flow.Advantages of Laminar Air Flow.Limitations of Laminar Air Flow. Air flow pattern Unidirectional airflow
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1) Personnel:
2) Buildings and Facilities
3) Equipment and Utensils:
4) Raw Materials
5) Manufacturing Process:
Methods of Prevention of Contamination Clean Area Classification
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
Biosafety
1.
2. Topics to be discussed
:
• What is biosafety?
• Why we need ?
• Levels of biosafety
• Biosafety cabinet
• Types
• Decontamination
3. Biosafety is the application of safety
precautions that reduce a
laboratorians risk of exposure to a
potentially infectious material and
limit contamination of the work
environment and ultimately the
community { CDC }
4. Why we need
biosafety ????
1. Lab has hazards of
processing infectious agent
2. Accidental threat to worke
and environment
3. To have adherence with
safety regulations while
dealing with highly
infectious agents
5.
6. BIOSAFETY LEVEL 1
• Microbes not known consistently to cause
disease in healthy adults and present minimal
potential hazard to lab and environment
• Eg : non pathogenic strain of E.coli
7. BSL – 1 practices:
• Standard microbiological practices are
followed
• Work can be performed on an open table or
bench
• PPE{Personal protective equipment} needed
• Sink – hand washing
• Lab – doors seperate
8. Biosafety level 2
• Microbes that possess moderate hazards to
laboratorians
• Eg: Staphylococcus aureus
9. BSL – 2 practices:
• Access to lab is restricted when work is being
conducted
• PPE , face shields, eye goggles
• Biosafety cabinet
• Autoclave/Decontamination proper
• Self closing doors
• Sink with eyewash apparatus readily available
11. BSL 3 - practices
• Laboratorians – under medical surveillance
and receive immunisation
• Access to lab restricted & controlled
• PPE with respirators
• BSC
• Sink with eyewash
• Exhaust air – not recirculated
• Self closing doors with automatic locking
14. BSL 4 - practices
• Change clothes before entering
• Shower upon exiting
• Decontaminate all materials before exiting
• Class III BSC
• Separate building for lab
• Vacuum lines and decontamination systems
17. Introduction
• Biosafety cabinets (BSCs) are primary means of
containment, developed for working safely with
infectious micro-organisms
• BSCs are only one overall part of biosafety program,
which requires consistent use of
– good microbiological practices
– primary containment equipment
– primary containment facility design
18. To be precise,
“BSCs are designed to provide personnel,
environmental and product protection when
appropriate practices and procedures are followed”
Adapted from CDC-BMBL- 5th Edition/1999
Appendix A – Primary Containment for Biohazards: Selection, Installation and
Use of Biological Safety Cabinets
19. Historical perspective
1. Early prototype clean air cubicles (clean filtered air
was blown directly at the working surface inside a
cubicle – this places the personnel in a contaminated
air stream)
2. Concept of small workstation (non-ventilated
cabinets – wood/stainless steel)
3. Ventilated cabinets (lack of controlled/ adequate air
flow leading on to mass airflow) Class I
4. HEPA filter were introduced (undergoing
modifications till date)
20. • HEPA – High efficiency particulate air filter
• It removes the most penetrating particle size (MPPS)
of 0.3 μm with an efficiency of at least 99.97 %
• The typical HEPA filter is a single sheet of borosilicate
fibers treated with a wet-strength water-repellant
binder
21. • The filter medium is pleated to increase the overall
surface area, with pleats being separated by
corrugated aluminum tubes
• This separation is mainly to prevent collapse
• It removes particulate matter by three mechanisms
interception, impaction, diffusion
• The filtering efficiency depends upon fiber diameter,
filter thickness and face velocity
• These filters are fitted either in the exhaust or air
supply system to remove particulate matter
24. Importance of a Biosafety cabinet
• Provide protection to the
– personnel handling infectious material
– environment by preventing the release of
microbes
– product (e.g. in handling cell cultures)
25. BIOSAFETY CABINET - I
• Provides personnel and environmental protection,
but no product protection
• Exhaust system – HEPA filter
• Class I BSC – unfiltered room air is drawn in through
the work opening and across the work surface
• Inward airflow – Minimum velocity – 75 linear feet /
minutes
26. • To enclose equipment (Eg. Centrifuges,
harvesting equipment, small fermenters)
• For procedures with potential to generate
aerosols ( tissue homogenation, culture
aeration)
• Class I BSC is hard-ducted
• Cabinet air is drawn through a HEPA filter as it
enters the cabinet exhaust plenum.
27. REQUIREMENTS:
• Open fronted
• Glass in the upper front
• An integral tray to contain spills and splashes
• Inward airflow – 0.7 to 1 m/sec
• Protection factor – 1.5 * 105
• Protection factor = number of particles which,
if liberated into the air of the cabinet will not
escape into the room
• Filtration from the exhaust air - HEPA
28.
29. Biosafety cabinet class II
• Product protection
• Predictable particle behaviour
• Laminar air flow principle (1960)
• Particle barrier systems
• Risk of contaminant release into the lab and risk
of product contamination
31. CLASS II – Type A1
• Internal fan – draws room air – 75lfm velocity
• Supply air flows through HEPA – particulate
free air to the work surface
• Reduced turbulence
• Reduced cross contamination
32. • Downward moving air – splits into two
1) To the front grille
2) To the rear grille
• 30% of the air – exhaust HEPA filter
• 70% of the air – recirculates through HEPA
filter back into the work zone of the cabinet
33. • Not to be used for work involving volatile toxic
chemicals
• Exhaust the air outside the building ( through
use of canopy hood and filter housing )
• CLASS II A1 and A2 – never be hard ducted to
the building exhaust system
34.
35. CLASS II A2 ( formerly B3)
• Inflow air velocity 100lfm
• all positive pressure contaminated plenums
within the cabinet are surrounded by a
negative air pressure plenum ensures
leakage
36.
37. CLASS II B1
• For hazardous chemicals and carcinogens
• Designed and originated with the National
cancer institute type 212 ( later called Type B)
• Definition of Type B1 cabinets:
• Classic NCI design Type B, and cabinets without
supply HEPA filters located immediately below the
work surface, or those with exhaust/recirculation
down flow splits other than exactly 70/30%
38. • Cabinet supply blowers draw room air through
the front grille and through HEPA
• Inflow velocity 100lfm
• Split in the down flowing air stream just above
the work surface
• 70% air through the rear grille exhaust
HEPA filter discharge through building
• 30% air Down flow air front grille
39.
40. CLASS II B2
• Total exhaust cabinet
• No air recirculation
• Simultaneous biological and chemical containment
• Inflow air velocity 100lfm
• Exhaust 1200 cubic feet/min of room air
expensive cabinet high cost of heavier gauge and
higher capacity exhaust fan hence only for
research
41.
42. CLASS III
• Highly infectious agents, hazardous operations
• Gas tight no leak greater than 1 *10-7
cc/sec with 1% test gas at 3 inches pressure
water gauge
• Non opening view window
• Passage of materials through a dunk tank
• Double door pass through box with autoclave
43. • Supply and exhaust air HEPA
• Negative pressure cabinet
• No exhaust through the general lab exhaust
• Long heavy duty rubber gloves attached in a
gas tight manner to port in the cabinets
44.
45. Work practices and procedures
• Checklist of materials and work activity
protocol
• Arm movement slowly
• Minimum persons
• Lab coats buttoned fully
• Proper Stool height
46. Check list
• Daily check of airflow by airflow indicator and
monthly or weekly with an anemometer
• Ideal air flow – 0.7 to 1 m/s
47. • All procedures should be done atleast four
inches in from the front grille
• Only the materials needed for work should be
kept inside
• Wait for minimum of four minutes to switch
off the blowers after the work is over
48. Decontamination
• Disinfectant selection EPA registration number
in the label and list of infectious agents that the
disinfectant is effective
• BSC – ethanol not used as decontamination as it
evaporates – no proper contact time – ethanol
can be used as a rinsing agent
• Formaldehyde vapour sterilisation to be done to
kill spores
49. Disinfection method A
• Cabinets with an internal electric power
supply
• Place 25 ml formalin(cabinet with internal
volume of 0.38cu.m) to a vaporizer, or into a
beaker on a hotplate
• Close the cabinet and ensure that the exhause
blow back valve is closed
• Boil away formalin
50. Disinfection method B
• 35ml formalin in a 100ml beaker inside the
cabinet add 10g potassium permanganate
seal the cabinet
• Leave the cabinet at least 5 hours , preferably
overnight and label DANGER – FUMIGATION
IN PROGRESS
• Open next day and work after 30 min for
residual formaldehyde to exhaust
51. • Use of Ultraviolet lamps for BSC is not
advisable { NIH, CDC }
53. References
• Appendix A – primary containment for
biohazards – CDC article
• Koneman`s color atlas and T.B of diagnostic
microbiology
• Diagnostic microbiology – Bailey and scott –
13th edition
• Practical medical microbiology – Mackie and
Mccartney – 14th edition