Orthotic Knee joints. consists data about various orthotic knee joints still used for KAFO, KO, and AFO. it consists of both concentric and eccentric orthotic knee joints.
Prosthetic management of different levels of amputationAamirSiddiqui56
In this presentation, i have covered all the basics about levels of amputation. I have mentioned the different levels of amputation and their prosthetic management. Beneficial for those who are in the field of P & O.
Orthotic Knee joints. consists data about various orthotic knee joints still used for KAFO, KO, and AFO. it consists of both concentric and eccentric orthotic knee joints.
Prosthetic management of different levels of amputationAamirSiddiqui56
In this presentation, i have covered all the basics about levels of amputation. I have mentioned the different levels of amputation and their prosthetic management. Beneficial for those who are in the field of P & O.
presentation is about Orthosis and prosthesis. It gives Classification of Orthosis. It describes structure, function, Indication and uses of Orthosis. Also describes different types of Prostheses, their parts and function.
This presentation by from the International Committee of the Red Cross describes transfemoral initial alignment for lower limb amputee prosthetic fitting.
Includes detailed description of BIOMECHANICS & PATHOMECHANICS OF KNEE JOINT AND PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT with recent evidences . Hope you find it useful!!
This is the Presentation on the topic "Pathomechanics of Knee Joint".
The presentation includes images and a clip for proper understanding. The sentences are framed in the way that you can learn it in a easy way.
presentation is about Orthosis and prosthesis. It gives Classification of Orthosis. It describes structure, function, Indication and uses of Orthosis. Also describes different types of Prostheses, their parts and function.
This presentation by from the International Committee of the Red Cross describes transfemoral initial alignment for lower limb amputee prosthetic fitting.
Includes detailed description of BIOMECHANICS & PATHOMECHANICS OF KNEE JOINT AND PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT with recent evidences . Hope you find it useful!!
This is the Presentation on the topic "Pathomechanics of Knee Joint".
The presentation includes images and a clip for proper understanding. The sentences are framed in the way that you can learn it in a easy way.
Gait deviations in transfemoral prosthetics can result from various factors related to both the patient and the prosthesis. Common patient-related causes include muscle weakness, contractures, pain, decreased confidence in the prosthesis, or habitual behaviors. Prosthetic causes often involve malalignment or poor-fitting sockets1.
Transfemoral amputees typically exhibit a more asymmetric gait compared to transtibial amputees. The level of amputation and the type of prosthesis significantly influence the gait pattern, affecting both performance and adaptation. For instance, the selection of suspension type in the prosthesis can impact stability and, consequently, gait deviation2.
It’s important to assess and address these deviations as they can lead to other complications such as increased energy expenditure during walking, joint stress, and discomfort. Rehabilitation efforts should focus on correcting these deviations through proper prosthetic fit, alignment, and training to improve the patient’s gait and overall mobility
Shoulder joint Bio-Mechanics and Sports Specific RehabilitationFabiha Fatima
Shoulder joint Bio-Mechanics and Sports Specific Rehabilitation.
What does the PPT consists of ?
General Biomechanics of Shoulder joint as well as the Bio-mechanics of certain specific sports such as Throwing, Swimming and Racket Sports.
along with a comprehensive rehabilitation of shoulder injuries.
** Above uploaded document has been made as a study material for classroom presentation. it is powered by .gif files which may not be working in this format.**
Patellofemoral Pain
Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common musculoskeletal related condition that is characterized by insidious onset of poorly defined pain, localized to the anterior retro patellar and/or peripatellar region of the knee.
An overuse injury in sports medicine.
Commonly known as “runner’s knee.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
2. • If you have questions, write them down nicely.
we will discuss all questions at the end of the
session.
2
3. In TF case, knee stability can be achieved
by two ways
1. Voluntary – by action of muscles
2. Involuntary – by alignment and
mechanism of prosthetic knee
3
Knee stability in TF is achieved by what
means?
5. Amputated gait
• The most unstable or dangerous phase of gait
for TF is during “heel strike”.
• Why?
– Think about where the GRF at this time point?
– What moment is created by the GRF?
– To which direction the shank tends to rotate?
5
6. The GRF is behind the
knee, creating knee flexion
moment and the shank
tends to rotate forward until
it is checked by the floor.
This makes the knee to flex.
6
Heel Strike
7. AMPUTATED GAIT
• The patient needs to contract
his/her hip extensors against
the posterior wall of the
socket to bring the
prosthetic knee behind the
GRF.
• As the GRF stays in front of
knee, external extension
moment is created. This
makes knee stable
What the TF amputee should
do to gain knee stability?
7
8. • Knee is remained extension if
the TKA line is placed anterior
to the knee axis.
8
Mid-stance
9. • Before push-off, GRF still
locates in front of knee axis.
• To prepare for swing, patient
needs to flex the hip to move
the knee axis in front of the
GRF line.
• When knee flexion moment
is initiated, the swing starts
9
10. • Pendulum action will make the
shank swing forward
• The speed of pendulum depends
on how strong the patient is
flexing the hip extensors
• Mechanical parts inside the knee
control the speed of the swing
10
11. Mechanical axis & femoral axis
• Mechanical axis of the
lower limb measures 3
degrees to the vertical line:
– Center of femoral head
– Center of knee
– Midpoint of ankle
11
12. • The femoral shaft axis
measures 9 degrees to the
vertical line:
– the line running along the
mid shaft of the femur.
Mechanical axis and femoral axis
12
13. Differences in pelvis and trunk stability
• The advantage of this
natural alignment is
allow all hip abductors to
function normally:
– to prevent the pelvis from
dropping more than 5
degrees on the swinging
limb, and
– to reduces the lateral
movement of CoG during
mid-stance
13
14. Differences in pelvis and trunk
stability
• In the TF amputation, the insertion of adductor
muscles are lost, their effective moment arm becomes
shorter. They are unable to generate a large
counterforce to the abductor muscles in order to hold
the femur still in the adduction position, leaving the
femur floating the soft tissue of the thigh
14
15. Differences in pelvis and trunk stability
• As hip abductors are
concentrically
contracting to stabilize
the pelvis/trunk, it pulls
the femur laterally.
15
16. Differences in pelvis and trunk stability
• Failing to stop the femur
from moving laterally
reduces the abductors’
ability to prevent the
pelvis drop more than the
natural range.
16
17. Solution by the amputee
• The amputee will bend trunk excessively to
the lateral to elevate the pelvis and to shift the
COG back into the base of support.
17
18. Solution by P&O
• Provide the lateral support to
femur to hold it in adduction
angle.
• As the femur is adduction, it
provides 3 biomechanical
advantages:
1. Prevent lateral movement of
femur
2. Increasing the ability of hip
abductors
3. provide a narrow base
walking gait 18
19. Problem with a short stump
• For the short stump,
– Difficult to stabilize the pelvis
and trunk due to the short lever
arm of remaining femur
• The exerting pressure becomes
bigger
Patient probably walks with a
wide walking base and use
lateral trunk bending to reduce
the effort of the hip abductor.
• Lateral wall should be kept
higher
19
24. 24
Socket forces during heel strike
• Pressure areas are
– (S) but not as large as at mid
stance
– (A) counterforce to maintain the IT
on the seat
– (P) due to the action of hip
extensors.
25. 25
Socket forces during mid-stance
• Pressure areas are
– (S) greater due to full weight
– (A) counterforce to maintain
the IT on the seat
– (P) due to the action of the hp
extensors even though the
knee stability is achieved by
the involuntary control (the
pressure is lesser than that at
heel strike)
26. 26
Socket forces during push-off
• Pressure areas are
– (S) becomes less
– (A) due to action of hip
flexors
– (P) maybe trying to stop the
prosthesis from rotating
backward