Disability is any condition that makes it difficult to perform activities or interact with the world. In Ghana, about 5 million people have a physical or mental disability. Rehabilitation aims to optimize functioning and reduce disability through medical, social, and vocational interventions. It is significant as it enables independence and participation through therapies, prosthetics, orthotics, and environmental modifications. Rehabilitation addresses underlying issues and improves daily living for many conditions.

1. DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION

2. DISABILITY
• A disability is any condition of the body or mind that
makes it more difficult for the person with the
condition to do certain activities and interact with the
world around them.
• In other words, disability is an physical or mental
impairment that causes activity limitation to persons
and participation resistance on their daily activities.

3. • WHO, defined disability as the result of the interaction between
people with different levels of functions and their surrounding
environment
• Disability can also be said to be any restrictions resulting from
impairment of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within
the range considered as normal for human beings

4. DISABILITY IN GHANA
• About 2.2 million people in Ghana are physically
challenged or disabled.
• About 2.8 million of Ghana’s disabled people are
mentally disabled people.
• Therefore, there is a total of about 5.0 million disabled
people in Ghana.

5. • Deducing from the 2010 WHO World Report on Disability, there is
high percentage of persons with disability in Ghana, which is about
20% the total Ghanaian population, which in one way or the other
requires rehabilitation services

6. FORMS OF DISABILITY
• Disability can affect various parts of the body;
• Vision
• Movement
• Thinking
• Remembering
• Learning
• Communicating
• Hearing
• Mental health
• Social relationships

7. Amputation as a form of disability
• Amputation has become one of the most common problems in the
present society, a number of people have either one or both limbs
amputated and the situation is noted to be increasing nationwide.
• amputation is said to be the removal of all or part of a body part
surgically.
• Amputation can also be defined as the removal of a limb through an
indicated surgical procedure in the treatment of diseases and trauma

8. Causes of Amputation
• Severe infection , osteomyelitis
• Trauma (Accident)
• Congenital abnormalities
• Malignant/ cancerous tumor in bone or muscle of the limb
e.g. Osteosarcoma
• Diabetes

9. Effects of Amputation

10. REHABILITATION
•Rehabilitation is defined as a set of interventions
designed to optimize functioning and reduce
disability in individuals with health conditions in
interaction with their environment.

11. • Rehabilitation: It is an important aspect of management for people with
disability. It involves combined and coordinated use of medical, social,
educational, and vocational measures for training or retraining the individual to
the highest possible level of functional ability

12. Prosthetic rehabilitation
• Prosthetic limbs are commonly used by people with limb loss
(acquired amputation) and limb absence (congenital deficiency) to
restore or substitute the missing body part or restore the cosmesis of an
anatomical limb
• Prosthesis is defined as an artificial substitute or extension that
replaces a missing body part such as upper or lower body extremity.

13. Orthotics rehabilitation
• Orthotics is a medical specialty that focuses on the design and
application of orthoses.
• An orthosis is "an externally applied device used to influence
the structural and functional characteristics of the
neuromuscular and skeletal system

14. Conditions for orthotic use
• Club foot
• Poliomyelitis
• Stroke
• Knock knee (genu vagus)
• Bow legged (genu varus )

15. Functions
• Improvement of mobility
• Immobilization of an injured body part to promote healing
• Correction of biomechanical misalignments
• Prevention of injuries
• Reduction of weight bearing and pain

16. SIGNIFICANCE OF REHABILITATION
• Rehabilitation helps a child, adult or older person to be as
independent as possible in everyday activities.
• It enables participation in education, work, recreation and
meaningful life roles such as taking care of family.
• It addresses underlying conditions (such as pain) and improving
the way an individual functions in everyday life, supporting them
to overcome difficulties with thinking, seeing, hearing,
communicating, eating or moving around.

17. FORMS OF REHABILITATION
• The three main types of rehabilitation therapy are occupational,
physical and speech.
• Occupational Therapy: Occupational therapy is a branch of
health care that helps people of all ages who have physical,
sensory, or cognitive problems helping them regain
independence in all areas of their lives.
• Physical Therapy: Physical therapy is the care that aims to ease
pain and help you function, move, and live better.
• Speech therapy: Speech therapy is the assessment and
treatment of communication problems and speech disorders.

18. SOME EXAMPLES OF REHABILITATION
• Exercises to improve a person’s speech, language and communication after a
brain injury.
• Modifying an older person’s home environment to improve their safety and
independence at home and to reduce their risk of falls.
• Exercise training and education on healthy living for a person with a heart
disease.
• Making, fitting and educating an individual to use a prosthesis after a leg
amputation.
• Positioning and splinting techniques to assist with skin healing, reduce
swelling, and to regain movement after burn surgery.
• Prescribing medicine to reduce muscle stiffness for a child with cerebral palsy.
• Psychological support for a person with depression.
• Training in the use of a white cane, for a person with vision loss.

19. Some medical conditions that may require
rehabilitation.
• Amputation.
• Arthritis.
• Brain injury.
• Multiple sclerosis.
• Muscular dystrophy.
• Musculoskeletal injuries (pain of muscles, tendons, ligaments,
joints and bones)
• Osteoporosis.