This document discusses how various orthopedic conditions can affect gait. It describes 14 different conditions, including how each condition impacts gait mechanics and common compensatory strategies. For example, it notes that knee flexion contractures can cause limping and "toe walking" due to limited heel strike and step length. The document provides details on gait phases, terminology, and treatment approaches for optimizing gait with various orthopedic issues.
what is crouch gait and its Physiotherapy rehabilitation
this type gait mostly seen in spastic diaplegic Cerebral palsy child least common in quadriplegic C P , and hemiplegic C P
A presentation aimed to educate First-year studeb=nts of undergraduate physiotherapy course. The presentation includes Introduction and Analysis of Gait Cycle, Walking Aids & Gait Re-education Principles using the aids.
what is crouch gait and its Physiotherapy rehabilitation
this type gait mostly seen in spastic diaplegic Cerebral palsy child least common in quadriplegic C P , and hemiplegic C P
A presentation aimed to educate First-year studeb=nts of undergraduate physiotherapy course. The presentation includes Introduction and Analysis of Gait Cycle, Walking Aids & Gait Re-education Principles using the aids.
Gait, Phases of Gait, Kinamatics and kinetics of gaitSaurab Sharma
Intended for BPT 1st year undergraduate students.
Acknowledgement: Swathi Ganesh, my classmate during MPT prepared the slide which I modified for the purpose of teaching students.
Gait_Biomechanics, Analysis and AbnormalitiesVivek Ramanandi
Biomechanics, Analysis, and Abnormalities in Gait. Oriented for Second-year students of Undergraduate Physiotherapy studies. Details of kinetic and kinematic analysis of gait.
Introduction to Balance and its concepts, Impaired balance and then management of impaired balance.
Based on Therapeutic Exercise Foundations and Techniques
This is the presentation which was delivered to third year Bachelor of Physiotherapy students at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences (KUSMS), Dhulikhel, Nepal. Different schools of thoughts in manual therapy are the part of curriculum for the undergraduate students at KUSMS.
Gait, Phases of Gait, Kinamatics and kinetics of gaitSaurab Sharma
Intended for BPT 1st year undergraduate students.
Acknowledgement: Swathi Ganesh, my classmate during MPT prepared the slide which I modified for the purpose of teaching students.
Gait_Biomechanics, Analysis and AbnormalitiesVivek Ramanandi
Biomechanics, Analysis, and Abnormalities in Gait. Oriented for Second-year students of Undergraduate Physiotherapy studies. Details of kinetic and kinematic analysis of gait.
Introduction to Balance and its concepts, Impaired balance and then management of impaired balance.
Based on Therapeutic Exercise Foundations and Techniques
This is the presentation which was delivered to third year Bachelor of Physiotherapy students at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences (KUSMS), Dhulikhel, Nepal. Different schools of thoughts in manual therapy are the part of curriculum for the undergraduate students at KUSMS.
Waddling gait- definition|role of muscle|gait analysis|kinematic and spatiote...jasna ok
This powerpoint is about WADDLING GAIT,muscle that cause waddling gait , its causes, reasons for why this gait is called duck gait and pregnancy gait, gait analysis , and its physical therapy treatment
Human Gait Cycle and its Biomechanical EvaluationRishiRajgude
The gait cycle is a highly coordinated process involving the interaction of various muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints to facilitate efficient and stable locomotion. Understanding the components and timing of the gait cycle is crucial for assessing normal and abnormal walking patterns, diagnosing gait disorders, and designing effective interventions to improve mobility and function.
This PPT describes neurological gait deviations.
It describes Hemiplegic/circumductory gait, Spastic Diplegic gait, Parkinson gait, Myopathic & Ataxic gait in detail along with its causes and management in with Physiotherapy treatment. detail
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
1. CHANGES IN GAIT DURING
ORTHOPAEDICS CONDITION
By- Dr. Akshita (PT)
MPT-Cardiopulmonary
D.C.PT
Certified BLS, ACLS
2. • Gait is style , manner or a pattern of walking.
• Walking pattern may differ from individual to
individual
3. Definition
• Locomotion or Gait – It is defined as a
translatory progression of the body as a whole
produce by coordinated, rotatory movements
of body segments.
• Normal Gait – It is a rhythmic & characterized
by alternating propulsive & retropulsive
motions of the lower extremities.
4. Aim of Walking
To move the body forward and backward. It is
towards a desired location speed and direction.
To use energy. The body does this by moving in
straight line. Sufficient energy is generated
through up and down movement
To cause least amount of pain for people with
painful foot conditions. Our brains have a variety
of strategies for achieving this goal, including
putting less pressure on a painful foot, or
alternating the foot's position when we walk to
limit discomfort.
5. The foot itself act as a shock absorber for
dispersing the force of the body as it lands.
To form a rigid lever toward the end of the
phase of gait where the foot is on the ground,
in order to provide a way to propel the body
forward.
6. KINEMATICS
• Gait is extremely complex activity to analyze.
Therefore , it has been divide in number of
segments thatbmakes it possible to identify
the events that are occurring.
• Generally , gait is described by using the
activities of one lower extremity from
beginning to the end of one gait cycle.
7. Phases of gait cycle
• The gait cycle includes the activities that occur
from one point of initial contact of one lower
extremity to the point at which the same
extremity contacts the ground again.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12. Subdivision of phases
• Stance phase
– Heel strike
– Foot flat
– Mid-stance
– Heel off
– Toe off
• Swing phase
– Acceleration
– Mid-swing
– Deceleration
13.
14. Stance phase
• The phase begins at instant that one lower
extremity contacts the ground (HEEL STRIKE)
and continues only as long as some portion of
foot is in contact with the ground (TOE OFF).
• It makes up approx 60% of gait cycle during
normal walking.
28. Swing phase
• The swing phase begins as soon as the toe of
one extremity leaves the ground and ceases
just before heel strike or contact of same
extremity.
60. Pathologic Gait
• Pathologic gait results from impaired strength,
range of motion, proprioception, pain, or
balance combined with mechanical
compensations, and can have musculoskeletal
and neuromuscular etiologies.
62. 1.Antalgic gait
• Causes:
Pain with weight bearing.
• Pathomechanism:
Weight bearing avoided on painful limb.
Decreased step length of uninvolved side.
• Treatment:
treat underlying cause, analgesia, assistive device
(AD) in contralateral hand.
63. 2.Leg length discrepancy (LLD)
• Causes: True or apparent leg length discrepancy.
• Pathomechanism: Shortened side: pelvic drop,
decreased hip and knee flexion, ankle plantar
flexion (vaulting, toe walking).
• Lengthened side: hip hiking, circumduction,
excessive hip and knee flexion (steppage gait), foot
hyperpronation.
64. • Treatment: For <2cm: no treatment. For
>2cm: shoe lift or consider surgery. Lift <2cm
inside shoe, >2cm outside shoe. Surgical
options: shortening surgery (epiphysiodesis or
femoral shortening), lengthening surgery
(femur/tibia), correction muscle or joint
contracture.
68. 3.Arthritis
• Arthritis is a common cause of pathological
gait. An arthritic hip has reduced range of
movement during swing phase which causes
an exaggeration of movement in the opposite
limb ‘hip hiking’.
69.
70.
71.
72. 4.Excessive Hip Flexion
Excessive Hip Flexion can significantly alter gait pattern.
Cause :
• Hip flexion contractures
• IT band contractures,
• Hip flexor spasticity, •
• Compensation for excessive knee flexion and ankle DF,
• Hip pain
• Compensation for excess ankle plantar flexion in mid
swing.
73. • The deviation of stance phase will occur
mainly on the affected side. The result is
forward tilt of the trunk and increased
demand on the hip extensors or increased
lordosis of the spine with anterior pelvic tilt. A
person with reduced spinal mobility will adopt
a forward flexion position in order to alter
their centre of gravity permanently during
gait.
74. 5.Hip Adductor Contracture
• During swing phase the leg crosses mid line
due to the weak adductor muscles, this is
known as ‘scissor gait’
77. • Drop of pelvis on the unaffected side.
• Pathomechanism: Compensated gait causes
the trunk to leans toward the affected side.
• Treatment: AD in contralateral hand, gluteus
medius strengthening.
78.
79. 7.Hip extensor weakness (Posterior
lurch gait)
• Backward trunk lean with hyperextended hip during
stance phase of affected limb.
• Pathomechanism: Use of iliofemoral ligament to
lock hip in extension to prevent trunk falling
forward.
• Treatment: Strengthen gluteus maximus. Keep
compensatory mechanism, do not fix lumbar
hyperlordosis
82. 8.Weak Quadriceps.
• The quadriceps role is to eccentrically control the
knee during flexion through the stance phase.
• If these muscles are weak the hip extensors will
compensate by bringing the limb back into a
more extended position, reducing the amount of
flexion at the knee during stance phase.
• Alternatively heel strike will occur earlier
increasing the ankle of plantar flexion at the
ankle,
83. preventing the forward movement of the tibia, to
help stabilise the knee joint.
• Normally, during early stance as weight is being
shifted onto the stance leg, the line of force falls
behind the knee requiring quad contraction to
prevent buckling of knee.
• With quad weakness, patient leans forward at
hip, causing COG to be shifted forward so line of
force falls anterior to knee, forcing it into
extension
91. • Knee Flexion Contraction will cause a limping
type gait pattern. The knee is restricted in
extension, meaning heel strike is limited and
step length reduced. To compensate the
person is likely to ‘toe walk’ during stance
phase. Knee flexion contractures of more than
30 degrees will be obvious during normal
paced gait. Contractures less then this will be
more evident with increased speeds
95. • Pathomechanism: Unable to heel strike,
leading to initial contact with toes. Incomplete
lesion still has heel strike but unable to control
transition to foot flat causing “foot slap.”
During the swing phase, toes may drag/catch.
Compensatory is “steppage gait” with
excessive hip and knee flexion or body shift to
clear foot.
96. • Treatment: Posterior leaf spring AFO or
hinged AFO with dorsiflexion assist or plantar
flexion stop for mediolateral instability. Role of
electrical stimulation (ES) to prevent atrophy
of anterior tibialis and/or functional ES (FES)
to activate ankle dorsiflexor.
99. • Pathomechanism: Lack of eccentric
contraction of ankle plantar flexor causes GRF
to pass behind knee, creating knee flexion
moment with excess tibial motion over ankle
during mid to late stance. Increased
quadriceps contraction needed to prevent
knee buckling. Contralateral leg step length
(swing duration) reduced by unstable stance
of affected limb. Heel off delayed and push off
phase decreased.
100. • Treatment: Hinged AFO with dorsiflexion stop
or solid AFO set at few degrees plantar flexion
to pass GRF anterior to knee to prevent
buckling.
102. • Calf Tightening or Contractures due to a
period of immobilisation or trauma will cause
reduced heel strike due to restricted
dorsiflexion. The compensated gait result will
be ‘toe walking’ on stance phase, reduced
step length and excessive knee and hip flexion
during swing phase to ensure floor clearance
104. • Hallux Rigidus results in a lack of dorsiflexion
of the great toe. The MPJ uses the windlass
effect to raise the arch and stiffen the foot
during dorsiflexion of the hallux. This stiffness
increases the efficiency of the propulsion
portion of the gait cycle. To be efficient in
creating stiffness, the hallux should be able to
dorsiflex at least 65 degrees.